Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After more than one decennium of international research work the doubtless identification of the causative agents of the non A-non B-hepatitis (NANBH) has not yet been successful. 1988, however, a viral genome of the parenteral NANBH could be isolated, on which basis an EIA was built up. By means of this anti-HCV-ELISA altogether 413 sera were tested. In 262 sera of 154 women of a NANBH-group with homogeneous source of infection (contaminated anti-D-immunoglobulin) in 74% positive reactions were the result. This and the extensive reproducibility of the test results in identical patients speak for the fact that the recombinant antigen underlying the test really belongs to the parenteral NANBH-group. In the group of the sporadic, however, only in one case a positive reaction was achieved, which supports the thesis of at least two parenteral causative agents of NANBH. The deep-freezing storage of patients' sera lasting up to 8 years did not lead to the failure of the test. The reasons for non-reactive tests were discussed.
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PMID:[Progress in the development of a detection test for parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis--results of enzyme immunoassay for anti-hepatitis C virus]. 169 38

In a multi-center study sera from NANB-hepatitis (NANBH) patients and members of so-called HIV-risk groups (homosexuals, i.v.-drug abusers, hemophiliacs) were investigated by the recombinant-based HCV-antibody EIA, 74.4% of chronic NANBH-patients and 20% of acute NANBH patients were anti-HCV reactive, 33.3% of HIV-1-positive homosexuals, 43.5% of i.v.-drug abusers and 73.5% of hemophiliacs. The true prevalence of infection remains to be determined by a second, independent (confirmatory) test.
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PMID:[Hepatitis C antibodies in non-A, non-B hepatitis patients and members of HIV risk groups (pilot study)]. 170 58

Serum samples from 1185 individuals (blood donors, health-care workers, patients on haemodialysis, those from other high-risk groups and those suffering from non-A, non-B hepatitis or other liver diseases) were examined for antibody to a recombinant HCV antigen. An ABBOTT HCV EIA system was used throughout and in addition a parallel study with ORTHO HCV ELISA was done in 380 of the samples to compare the two anti-HCV tests. A confirmatory neutralizing ABBOTT ELISA probe was also performed in 45 cases. The anti-HCV test was positive in 1.60% of the healthy blood donors and in 9% of subjects excluded from donation for elevated aminotransferase. In patients on haemodialysis 47%, in other high-risk-group subjects 33% anti-HCV prevalence was found. Patients with acute and chronic post-transfusion NANB hepatitis showed 40% and 70% prevalence, respectively. The two ELISA tests revealed 95% agreement in the parallel determinations. Serial end-point-dilution studies of anti-HCV-positive sera suggest that the ABBOTT test was of superior sensitivity. The results of the confirmatory test suggest that reactive (positive) samples of low optical density near to the cut-off value, required a confirmation with the naturalization test. HCV infection seems to be a common aetiological factor in PT-NANB hepatitis in Hungary, therefore, screening of blood donors for anti-HCV may be justified.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in blood donors, high-risk groups and patients with liver diseases in Hungary. A multicentre study using ABBOTT EIA test and a comparison with an ORTHO ELISA test system. 172 11

We report the development of three rapid, fully automated immunoassays allowing the differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. These assays detect HBsAg, IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) and IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) using the IMx instrument system. All IMx assays were run in less than 45 minutes and all steps were fully automated including specimen dilution steps. Specimens from blood donors, diagnostic and hospital patients, and individuals with a variety of infectious and immune diseases were tested for IgM anti-HAV (n = 1473) or for IgM anti-HBc (n = 1606) or for HBsAg (n = 9700) by the IMx and commercially available EIA and RIA. Each IMx assay showed 99.8% agreement with current EIA. Reproducibility in all hepatitis IMx assays was significantly better than that observed with manual or semiautomated assays; within-run and between-run % CV ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 and 3.5 to 10.3 respectively. In 29 acute hepatitis B patients studied, HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc were detected in the first available patient bleed collected from 0 to 4 week from the onset of symptoms. IgM anti-HBc persisted at reactive levels in the IMx assay for 1 to 24 weeks (mean 12.1 +/- 5.3 weeks) after the patient presented with symptoms. In individuals exposed to hepatitis A, IgM anti-HAV was detectable by IMx by 40 days post exposure (average 33.5 days) and IgM had declined to unreactive levels in IMx for all patients by from 3 to 6 months post exposure. These data demonstrate the use of these rapid IMx assays for differentiation of acute hepatitis A and B.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis using rapid, fully automated immunoassays. 188 Apr 94

Serum samples from 1185 individuals (blood donors, health care workers, patients on haemodialysis or from other high risk groups or with non-A, non-B [NANB] hepatitis and other liver diseases) were examined for antibody to a recombinant antigen of hepatitis c virus (anti-HCV). A new ABBOTT HCV EIA system was used and a parallel study with ORTHO HCV ELISA was also done for 380 samples to compare the two anti-HCV tests. A confirmatory neutralizing ABBOTT ELISA probe was also performed in 45 cases. Anti-HCV seropositivity was found in 1.60% of accepted healthy blood donors, while among subjects excluded from donation for elevated aminotransferase the rate was 8.95%. In patients on haemodialysis 47.15% anti-HCV prevalence was found, in other high risk group subjects 32.5%. Patients with acute post-transfusion (PT) NANB hepatitis showed 40% prevalence, this rate in chronic PT-NANB was 77.8%. The two ELISA tests revealed 95% agreement in the parallel determinations. Serial dilution studies of anti-HCV positive sera showed that ABBOTT test was of superior sensitivity. The results of the confirmatory test suggest that reactive (positive) samples of low optical density near to the cut-off value require a confirmation with the neutralization test. In conclusion HCV infection in Hungary seems to be a common aetiologic factor in PT-NANB hepatitis and the screening of blood donors for anti-HCV may be useful. However, because of financial difficulties, cost/benefit calculations are recommended before the introduction of this preventive measure.
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PMID:[Incidence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in blood donors, high risk patient groups, liver diseases and health professionals. Multicenter study of the ABBOT ELISA method, comparison with the ORTHO test]. 190 28

In order to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Black Sea region in Turkey, 287 serum samples taken from risk groups were investigated for anti-HCV antibodies using HCV EIA system. Anti-HCV antibodies were found to be positive in 51.2% of chronic haemodialysis patients, 20.6% of probable acute non-A, non-B hepatitis patients, 4% of patients who had multiple blood transfusions, 1.5% of the health personnel, while in new haemodialysis patients anti-HCV antibodies were not found.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Turkey. 191 33

An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) occurred in plasmapheresis donors in Guan county, Hebei province in 1985. NANBH was diagnosed by epidemiological studies and serological exclusion of HAV, HBV, and other virus infections. Recently, 163 sera of 108 patients with NANBH and 65 sera of 49 cases with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels collected during the epidemic were tested at the Disease Control Center, U. S. A. by anti- HCV EIA (Chiron C 100). The positive rates for anti-HCV in these two groups were 89.8% (97/108) and 93.9% (46/49), respectively, with an average rate of 90.8% The figures increased with duration of illness and persistence of ALT elevation, i.e 17.6% and 55.6% within 1 month, 88.9% and 87.5% at 6 months, 100% and 100% after 2 years, respectively. Five patients with NANBH and one case with elevated ALT levels were followed up for 3 to 4 years. It was found that anti-HCV remained positive even after the patients had recovered and their ALT levels returned to normal.
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PMID:[A serological study on hepatitis C infection in plasma donors]. 212 17

Large areas of the Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and in the nonoriental region of the peruvian jungle have been found to be hyperendemic to Hepatitis B with high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers (11 to 25%) and, in more selected areas, Hepatitis Delta has been also reported. In the present report, we have studied 108 volunteers from six different Jivaroes communities living in a hyperendemic Hepatitis B area. They received 2 doses of DNA recombinant yeast derivated HBV vaccine. All the selected persons were HBsAb negatives, but many (80%) had antibodies to HBc. Following immunization schedule, 80% responded with the formation of HBsAb; a better seroconversion was achieved in those negatives to anticore IgG compared with those having HBcAb. We obtained 90% of seroconversion in spite of the fact that our vaccination schedule was prolonged up to 10 months from the one recommended by the manufacturer. The vaccination schedule 0,4, 14 months, and the schedule 0,4 months, had 76 and 29% of seroconversion, respectively. We want to point out three observations: 1) It is quite possible that many of the Anti-core positives, that did not respond to vaccination were carriers of HBsAg undetectable by the conventional EIA test carried out; 2) The seroconversion rate in these natives was low (up to six months after the vaccination schedule); and 3) Many of the HBcAb were false positives and many of them were recently infected. We conclude: A) It is highly important to assess the anti-HBs hyperendemic areas before attempting vaccinations; B) All persons negative to anti-HBs should be vaccinated in spite to anticore antibodies; C) Areas with difficult access could be vaccinated even until 10 months without affecting good results, and D) DNA recombinant vaccine (ENGERIX B) was well tolerated. No side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Serologic response to a DNA recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B in natives of the Peruvian Amazonian jungle]. 215 48

NCC-ST-439 is a monoclonal antibody established from human stomach cancer xenografted nude mice. The values of NCC-ST-439 were measured in 139 cases with various digestive tract cancers and 294 cases with benign digestive tract diseases with the NCC-ST-439 EIA kit (Nihon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), and its clinical usefulness was compared with those of CA19-9 and CEA. The positive rates of NCC-ST-439 in cases of digestive tract cancer were high, i.e., 66.7% for cancer of the bile duct, 58.3% for pancreatic cancer and 52.9% for colorectal cancer. In the benign digestive tract diseases, the overall positive rate seen in case of cholelithiasis and cholangitis, chronic gastritis, benign colorectal diseases and hepatitis, was only 3.7%. The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 was lower than those for CA19-9 and CEA in cases of stomach cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer, but it was the same as that of CA19-9 and higher than that of CEA in cases of biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer. The false positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in benign diseases of the digestive tract was the lowest among the three markers. With respect to sensitivity, specificity and efficiency, CA19-9 showed the highest sensitivity, but NCC-ST-439 and CEA showed better specificity than CA19-9, and NCC-ST-439 showed the highest efficiency. In combination assays using combinations of NCC-ST-439, CA19-9 and CEA, the positive rates for ST-439 alone were 22.1% for stomach cancer, 52.9% for colorectal cancer, 15.0% for liver cancer and 58.3% for pancreatic cancer, while the combined rates increased to 51.9%, 70.6%, 75.0% and 66.7%, respectively. In an investigation of changes with time in NCC-ST-439 values during chemotherapy of various types of digestive tract cancer, there was a decrease in PR cases, no change in NC cases and a tendency to increase in PD cases. These results suggested that it was possible to apply NCC-ST-439 clinically.
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PMID:[Study on the clinical usefulness of NCC-ST-439 in cases of digestive tract cancer]. 221 36

To assess the relationship between hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and HBV and reveal the distribution of HDV infection and the feature of epidemic, we collected 271 cases of HBV infected people in Shijiazhuang area and tested anti-HD with EIA from April 1987 to October 1988. This study found the prevalence of HDV infection was as high as 12.92% (35/271), and male prevalence of anti-HD was 14.06% (27/192) and female 10.13% (8/79), but there was no significance difference (P greater than 0.05). This suggested that the area of Shijiazhuan was a spot where HDV infection was high. Among these people, the positive rate of anti-HD in chronic active hepatitis, chronic persistent hepatitis and cirrhosis was much higher than that in HBsAg carriers. These finding indicated that HDV infection (coinfection and superinfection) was important in pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B and in exacerbating liver disease to cirrhosis. This study confirmed that there was no significant difference between HDV infection and age, sex and occupation among HBV infected people.
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PMID:[The seroepidemiological observation on hepatitis delta virus infection]. 222 1


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