Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new enzyme-immunoassay (EIA, Hepanostika Microelisa System) for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen was evaluated against other methods, namely complement fixation, Hepanosticon, AusRIA II and Finnish Red Cross Radioimmunoassay (FRC-RIA). EIA detected the greatest number of positive samples in a serum panel consisting of 142 sera from clinical hepatitis patients. FRC-RIA was the most sensitive method for subtype ad, while EIA detected the ay specimen at the highest dilution. None of the test systems gave the 'optimal' result in the screening test, and it is proposed that a separate procedure for each antigen subtype should be carried out to detect the greatest number of positive samples.
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PMID:Enzyme-immunoassay in the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. 40 27

The value of screening blood donors for non-A, non-B Hepatitis using GPT as the surrogate marker has been debated for long time. Since January 1990, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers have introduced anti-HCV screening with EIA. Approximately 1.1 percent of blood donors screened was anti-HCV positive in Kyushu district. Studies comparing with seroconversion rates showed discrepancy between anti-HCV and anti-HTLV-1 in some regions [Kagoshima: 0.9% (anti-HCV)/5.7% (anti-HTLV-1), Okinawa: 0.7%/5.2%, Nagasaki: 1.0%/3.7%]. Seropositivity of anti-HCV progressively increased with the age and GPT value in both male and female. In blood donors having history of transfusion, anti-HCV reactive rate was more than 10%. Results of Japanese Red Cross Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Research Group show the effectiveness of implementation of anti-HCV screening to prevent posttransfusion hepatitis.
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PMID:[Current status of anti-HCV screening and posttransfusion hepatitis]. 127 46

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for the majority of cases of transfusion-related hepatitis. We performed a first-generation anti-HCV EIA in 665 repeat and 168 first-time blood donors from Berlin. 4.7 and 4.2%, respectively, showed at least one indeterminate or positive result. We further looked for HCV genome in the plasma of 20 donors with reactive anti-HCV-EIA doing a polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). The control group consisted of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis C. The PCR was negative in all examined blood donors, but was positive in 17 of 20 controls. These findings raise the question, if a positive anti-HCV test correlates with infectiosity.
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PMID:[Examination of a Berlin blood donation branch for antibodies to hepatitis C virus with the anti-HCV test and for circulating HCV-RNA using polymerase chain reaction]. 128 40

Among 52 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, observed for many years in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Pomeranian Medical Academy, retrospectively diagnosed towards HCV infection, 45 proved to be anti-HCV positive. Sera stored in the bank of sera were examined using 2nd generation tests: ABBOTT HCV EIA (Abbott), ORTHO RIBA (Ortho Diagnostics) and UBI HCV EIA (Organon), showing 85% of positivity. Mostly HCV infection was connected with the blood transfusion. The course of acute phase of HCV infection was mild, short lasting, with no or sporadic extrahepatic symptoms; the activity of aminotransferases and the bilirubin level were of average value. The only characteristic feature of the acute HCV infection was fluctuating aminotransferase activity, which can be the good sign of progression.
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PMID:[The course of acute HCV infection in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis]. 130 78

A new rapid serologic enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is described. The assay combines synthetic peptide and recombinant antigens representing putative structural and non structural HCV gene products with paramagnetic microparticle assay (MP assay) technology. Assay readout is based upon an enzymatically generated fluorescent product which is quantified with a novel semi-automated washer/reader instrument system. Assay sensitivity and specificity was determined to be greater than the first generation HCV C-100 EIA using a non-A, non-B hepatitis disease panel, an HCV performance panel, an HCV seroconversion panel, dilutions of HCV reactive sera, and random volunteer blood donor specimens.
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PMID:A novel semi-automated paramagnetic microparticle based enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus: its application to serologic testing. 132 58

Plasma TM levels in patients with various liver diseases were determined by using EIA. In normal subject (n = 58), it's concentration was 15.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). In liver diseases, the level increased: Acute hepatitis (n = 16), 23.0 +/- 6.5, chronic active hepatitis (n = 21) 22.2 +/- 6.6, compensated liver cirrhosis (n = 20) 27.8 +/- 10.1, decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 14) 47.6 +/- 17.5, compensated liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 7) 26.3 +/- 7.9, decompensated liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 4) 46.0 +/- 11.8, and fulminant hepatitis (n = 9) 42.0 +/- 20.4. The percentages of abnormal values higher than 22.9 ng/ml, which is mean + 2SD in control subject was 38-100% in liver diseases, especially 100% in patients with liver cirrhosis or with fulminant hepatitis. There was little correlation between plasma TM levels and conventional liver function tests in various liver diseases. Immunohistochemical study of liver tissue showed that an increase of plasma TM level was partially caused by damage and regeneration of endothelial cell. Based on these results the measurement of plasma TM concentration could be an useful marker for detection of hepatic failure.
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PMID:[Evaluation of plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels in patients with liver disease]. 132 24

The antibody responses and the prevalence patterns of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in a cohort of patients (n = 210) with bleeding disorders were studied using a first-generation and a second-generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA-1, EIA-2) as well as a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-2). The anti-HCV prevalence as determined by EIA-1 and EIA-2 was 183/210 (87.1%) and 197/210 (93.8%), respectively (p = 0.0026). None of the 17 EIA-2(+)/EIA-1(-) samples was scored nonreactive by RIBA-2. At follow-up, samples of 123 patients were tested. Twenty-nine out of 111 patients reactive by EIA-1 seroreverted according to EIA-1 while the seroreversion rate with EIA-2 was 0 out of the 121 (p < 10(-8)). The anti-HCV prevalence by EIA-2 was 150/154 (97.4%) in anti-HIV-1-positive individuals and 47/56 (83.9%) in the anti-HIV-1-negative ones (p = 0.001). However, high assay signals (OD 492 nm > 2.0) were observed in 94/150 (62.7%) and 45/47 (95.7%) of the anti-HIV-1-positive and -negative patients, respectively (p = 10(-5)). The decreasing anti-HCV reactivity among anti-HIV-1-positive individuals was mainly due to diminishing c33c reactivity. Seroconversion to anti-HCV was observed in 3/7 (42.9%) cases with acute icteric non-A, non-B hepatitis by both EIA-1 and EIA-2, while the remaining 4 cases had detectable levels of anti-HCV 1-18 months before the acute episode.
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PMID:Antibody responses to hepatitis C virus by second-generation immunoassays in a cohort of patients with bleeding disorders. 133 37

The anti-HCV antibody (C100-3) is present in the serum of 70-90% of patients that are carriers of posttransfusion non-A non-B hepatitis. This marker appears to be associated with a viral replication and infectiousness state. Since 1st August 1990 the Swiss Red Cross Transfusion Service has operated a systematic search for anti-HCV antibodies for every blood donation. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in a donor population, look for the risk factors in the anti-HCV positive group, look for biological symptoms and signs of chronic hepatitis, and compare the data with that from an anti-HCV negative control group. From August to March 1991, 20,373 donors were tested by EIA (Ortho). The presence of anti-HCV antibody was confirmed by a neutralization test (Abbott). The donors in which both tests were positive formed the group studied (55 subjects). Their data was compared with that of a control group of anti-HCV negative donors. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in the group of 20,373 donors was 0.29%. Possible parenteral exposure to hepatitis C virus was found in 47% of anti-HCV positive subjects (30% blood transfusion, 9% i.v. drug addiction, 8% tattooing). 42% of the anti-HCV positive donors had no risk factor presently known for hepatitis C. 27% of anti-HCV positive donors had elevated transaminase levels. Until more effective screening tests are introduced it appears necessary to stress the previous history of future blood donors in order to search for hepatitis C risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevalence of anti-HCV (C100-3) antibodies in 20.373 blood donors]. 141 11

A new, multiple-antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA-2) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was evaluated in parallel with the previously available c100-3 HCV EIA (EIA-1) in 14,068 volunteer blood donors as well as in 25 cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C for which recipient and donor samples were available. When compared to EIA-1, the EIA-2 was more sensitive in detecting HCV-infected blood donors. The EIA-2 detected an additional 1 in 1000 EIA-1-negative, surrogate marker-negative donors who were infected with HCV as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The specificity of the EIA-2 was comparable to that of the EIA-1, but the two tests appear to detect different populations of false-positive donors. Recombinant immunoblot assay-indeterminate donors were detected five times more frequently by the EIA-2; PCR demonstrated that 21 percent of these donors were infected with HCV. The greater sensitivity of EIA-2 was also found in 25 transfusion recipients with non-A, non-B hepatitis; however, in 16 percent of these cases of posttransfusion HCV infection, the EIA-2 failed to detect an HCV-seropositive donor. These data indicate that EIA-2 testing will significantly reduce, but probably not eliminate, the risk of transfusion-associated HCV infection; we estimate this residual per-unit risk to be 1 in 2000 to 1 in 6000 units transfused. On a national level, it is projected that the replacement of the anti-HCV EIA-1 with the EIA-2 will initially prevent up to 40 additional cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis C per day.
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PMID:Increased detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected blood donors by a multiple-antigen HCV enzyme immunoassay. 147 Dec 43

An epidemic of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANBH) occurred in plasmapheresis donors in Guan County, Hebei Province, China, in 1985. PT-NANBH was diagnosed by epidemiological studies and serological exclusion of HAV, HBV, CMV and EBV infections. Recently, 163 sera samples of 108 patients with PT-NANBH and 65 sera samples of 49 cases with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels collected during the epidemic were tested by anti-HCV EIA (Chiron C100). The positive rates of anti-HCV in these two groups were 89.8% (97/108) and 93.9% (46/49), averaging 90.8%. The figures increased with the course of illness and persistance of ALT elevation, i.e., 17.6% and 55.6% within 1 month, 88.9% and 87.5% at 6 months and 100% and 100% after 2 years. Five patients with PT-NANBH and 1 with elevated ALT levels were followed up for 3 to 4 years. We demonstrated that anti-HCV remained positive after the disease had resolved and ALT levels had normalized.
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PMID:A serological study of hepatitis C infection in plasmapheresis donors. 165 30


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