Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hepatitis B virus or Dane particle has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and is a major cause of chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B virus is found in blood and many body fluids including human tears. A 31-year-old White male was inadvertently discovered to have chronic active hepatitis secondary to a hepatitis B infection, during an autoimmune disorder work-up for recurrent episcleritis. It was also discovered that two of the patient's family members had developed chronic disease from the virus. Optometrists should be aware of the serious implications of this disease and take the proper precautions when examining hepatitis patients so that the possible risk of contracting infection through contaminated tears will be reduced.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis B virus in human tears: ocular examination of an asymptomatic carrier. 334 82

Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease include a number of inflammatory diseases. The clinical activity of these associated diseases may in some cases parallel that of the intestinal inflammation. The activity of extraintestinal manifestations may however be paramount. A cause and effect relationship has not been shown for extraintestinal manifestations such as eye involvement, arthritis and accompanying hepatitis. The histological changes of extraintestinal manifestations consists of noncaseating granulomas that are difficult to distinguish from granulomas occurring in other systemic inflammatory diseases. This report is on a female patient with lower abdominal pain, fatigue, night-sweat, weight loss, episcleritis and diarrhea without blood and slime. Noncaseating granulomas were found in the colon and liver, but not in the lung. The differential diagnosis between the extrapulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis and a generalized Crohn's disease is discussed. Hypocalcemia, large bowel involvement and missing histological changes in lung tissue rather support the diagnosis of Crohn's disease, particularly because the high CD4/CD8-quotient found in the bronchial lavage is not only characteristic for sarcoidosis but also found in Crohn's disease. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, night-sweat, weight loss and inflammation parameters like CRP and anaemia normalized under therapy with prednisone within a couple of months.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of granulomatous diseases--epithelioid cell granuloma in the intestine and liver in Crohn disease?]. 807 97

Extraintestinal manifestations occur in about 35% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Most frequently affected are bones and joints, skin, eyes, liver and biliary ducts. Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD are divided in two groups: reactive manifestations which depend on activity of IBD--peripheral arthritis, erythema nodosum, aphthous stomatitis, episcleritis and other manifestations which are independent on activity of IBD--pyoderma gangrenosum, uveitis, axial arthropathy, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Most affected are bones and joints. Symptoms vary from mild arthralgia to severe arthritis with painful swallowing of joints. They occur in about 5-10% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and in 10-20% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Both peripheral and axial joints can be affected. According to available data, most patients with active IBD and concomitant arthritis have benefit from infliximab therapy. Infliximab is also effective in maintenance of remission in group of patients with spondyloarthropathy. Adalimumab showed similar efficacy in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, but there are still no data about efficacy of adalimumab in treatment of patients with IBD and concomitant arthritis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestasis, cholelithiasis and elevation of aminotransferase are also considered to be extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. Most frequent is PSC which affects usually patients with UC (7.5% of patients). Course of liver disease is completely independent on activity of IBD, and destruction of biliary ducts is usually irreversible and refractory on treatment and most of the patients need liver transplantation. Anti-TNF therapy is also ineffective in treatment of PSC and has no impact on disease course and outcome. However, there is no contraindication for anti-TNF therapy of concomitant active IBD in this group of patients. Erythema nodosum (EN) and pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) are usual skin manifestations of IBD. Erythema nodosum occurs in about 3-20%, and pyoderma gangrenosum in about 0.5-20% of patients with IBD. Infliximab is proven to be effective in treatment of PG, but there is still not enough evidence on efficacy of anti-TNF drugs in treatment of EN and other rare skin manifestations of IBD. About 2-5% of patients with IBD have also some ophthalmological disorder. Symptoms vary from mild conjunctivitis to severe inflammation of eye membranes--iritis, episcleritis, scleritis and uveitis. It seems that infliximab and adalimumab can diminish uveitis and scleritis in patients with different autoimmune disorders and IBD. According to guidelines of American Gastroenterology Association (AGA), in group of patients with CD, infliximab is indicated in treatment of spondyloarthropathies, arthritis, arthralgia, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, uveitis and other ophthalmological manifestations of IBD except optical neuritis which can worse or be consequence of anti-TNF treatment. Similar indications exist for use of adalimumab except in case of erythema nodosum. In group of patients with extraintestinal manifestations of UC, infliximab is indicated in treatment of spondyloarthropathies and pyoderma gangrenosum. Complications of IBD are fistulas (perianal and non-perianal), stenosis and strictures, abscesses, bowel perforations, gastrointestinal bleeding and development of different malignomas. Anti-TNF drugs are proven to be effective and indicated only for treatment of perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. In group of patients with UC, there are only few case reports on beneficial effect of infliximab in treating chronic pouchitis and infliximab in treatment of these patients still cannot be recommended.
 ...
PMID:[The role of biologic therapy in the treatment of extraintestinal manifestations and complications of inflammatory bowel disease]. 2447 3