Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on the data on hygienic monitoring of the actual food consumption in the population of the Oryol region and on the quality of foodstuffs, the authors developed hygienic recommendations whose introduction caused a great sociomedical effect: lower incidence of salmonellosis, dysentery, hepatitis virus A, and acute intestinal infections of unclear etiology.
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PMID:[Problems of nutrition and ensuring sanitary-epidemiological well-being in the Orlov region]. 1103 Jan 6

Socioeconomic status, clinical, laboratory and parasitological features of 31 hospitalized amebic liver abscess (ALA) and 8 amebic hepatitis (AH) patients were studied. Thirty-seven (94.9%) of the total 39 cases were from low socioeconomic class and 2 (5.1%) were from middle class (p<0.001). Sixteen (51.6%) ALA and 5 (62.5%) AH patients were admitted with duration of disease for 3 weeks or more. Twenty-one (67.7%) ALA and 3 (37.5%) AH cases gave no previous history of diarrhea or dysentery. Epigastric pain was the predominant symptoms in 71% patients compared to high fever (19.4%), nausea and vomiting (9.7%). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was found in 9 (29.0%) ALA and 2 (25%) AH cases. Raised alkaline phosphatase was the predominant abnormal liver function test found elevated in 22 (71.0%) ALA and 5 (62.5%) AH cases. Three (7.7%) of the 5 (12.8%) microscopy positive stool samples yielded growth of Entamoeba histolytica in culture. The right lobe was involved in 28 (90.3%) ALA cases; 29 (93.5%) patients had single abscess. Bacterial super infection was observed in 1 (12.5%) abscess, reactive changes in right lung was observed in 6 (19.4%) ALA and 1 (12.5%) AH cases. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant associated intestinal parasite.
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PMID:Socioeconomic status, clinical features, laboratory and parasitological findings of hepatic amebiasis patients--a hospital based prospective study in Bangladesh. 1112 47

Improvement of epidemiological situation of infectious diseases was continued in Poland in 1999. The end of epidemics of measles, pertussis, mumps, scarlatine, chickenpox, and rubella was observed. In comparison with the number of cases of infectious diseases registered in 1998, decrease in the number of notified cases of salmonellosis, dysentery, meningitis, encephalitis, and hepatitis type B and A as well as increase in the number of influenza cases and trichinosis was noticed. In 1999, compared with 1998, among all notified deaths percentage of deaths attributed to infectious diseases (0.80%) and infectious diseases death rate (7.71 per 100,000) were slightly higher as an effect of the influenza deaths increase.
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PMID:[Infectious diseases in Poland in 1999]. 1155 72

The rural population in India is exposed to working and living conditions: drinking supply, sanitation, fuel wood shortages, maternal mortality, alcoholism among males, pesticide use, environmental degradation, migrant workers, sickness and injury compensation in natural resource based industry, and mechanization in the workplace. Good health is dependent on a supportive home environment which physically provides protection, has access to safe potable drinking water and sanitary facilities, and reinforces health habits and behavior. One of the greatest health hazards is the lack of safe drinking water. The result is increases in water-related diseases such as dysentery, cholera, diarrhea, and hepatitis among men, women, children, and fetuses. Today only 30% of the total population has access to sufficient, safe drinking water. Personal hygiene is also affected by inadequate supplies. Another hazard is waste disposal, which if improperly managed, results in hookworm and ascarias infestations. Barefoot people are particularly affected. In 1982, 8790 villages were found to be without latrines, or with only bucket latrines. The firewood fuel shortages impact directly on women through food habit changes and excessive labor in acquiring adequate supplies. Women are also affected by high rates of anemia which are a by-product of environmental and social conditions. There are a number of psychosocial conditions that impact on the health of women. In Himachal Pradesh women complain that their husbands drink too much alcohol, which increases acts of domestic violence. Male migration for work places women in stressful work conditions managing the land and child care, and exposing women to sexually transmitted diseases. The workplace also had hazards. Agricultural workers have little bargaining power and few organizations representing their interests. A brief description is given of conditions among plantation workers in Assam and Darjeeling. There are hazards due to unskilled workers operating machinery, exposure to harmful pesticides, and the lack of benefits for sickness or injury. Mining hazards are characterized. Awareness of conditions will hopefully lead to efforts to establish preventive health.
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PMID:Eco-health in the rural environment. 1228 68

In Varanasi, India, an estimated 200 million liters daily or more of untreated human sewage is discharged into the Ganges River. River water monitoring over the past 12 years has demonstrated faecal coliform counts up to 10(8) MPN (most probable number) per 100 ml and biological oxygen demand levels averaging over 40 mg/l in the most polluted part of the river in Varanasi. A questionnaire-based survey was used to estimate water-borne and enteric disease incidence and study river use among resident users of the Ganges River in Varanasi. The overall rate of water-borne/enteric disease incidence, including acute gastrointestinal disease, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis-A, and typhoid, was estimated to be about 66% during the one-year period prior to the survey. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between water-borne/enteric disease occurrence and the use of the river for bathing, laundry, washing eating utensils, and brushing teeth. Thirty-three cases of cholera were identified among families exposed to washing clothing or bathing in the Ganges while no cholera cases occurred in unexposed families. Other exposure factors such as lack of sewerage and toilets at residence, children defecating outdoors, poor sanitation, low income and low education levels also showed significant associations with enteric disease outcome. This study provides an estimate of water-borne/enteric disease incidence and identifies possible risk factors for residents who live by and use the Ganges River in Varanasi.
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PMID:The role of water use patterns and sewage pollution in incidence of water-borne/enteric diseases along the Ganges river in Varanasi, India. 1654 5

Group 2a of the Coronaviridae family contains human and animal pathogens that include mouse hepatitis virus, rat coronavirus, human respiratory coronaviruses OC43 and the recently identified HKU1 strain, a newly recognized canine respiratory coronavirus, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, equine coronavirus, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and wild-ruminant coronaviruses. The presence of a hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) surface glycoprotein in addition to the viral spike protein is a distinguishing characteristic of most group 2a coronaviruses. BCoV is ubiquitous in cattle worldwide and is an economically significant cause of calf diarrhea, winter dysentery of adult cattle, and respiratory disease in calves and feedlot cattle. We have developed and optimized laboratory diagnostic techniques, including virus isolation in HRT-18 cell cultures, antibody and antigen ELISA, and RT-PCR, for rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnosis of BCoV and related wild ruminant coronaviruses.
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PMID:Detection of group 2a coronaviruses with emphasis on bovine and wild ruminant strains. Virus isolation and detection of antibody, antigen, and nucleic acid. 1905 64

Berberine is an important traditional medicinal herb, which has been effectively used in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, stomatitis, throat infections, and hepatitis in folk medicine. In this study, the interaction between Berberine and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy. In the mechanism discussion, it was proved that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by berberine is a result of the formation of berberine-HSA complex. Fluorescence quenching constants were determined using the Stern-Volmer equation and Scatchard equation to provide a measure of the binding affinity between berberine and HSA. The results of thermodynamic parameters DeltaG, DeltaH, and DeltaS at different temperatures indicate that the electrostatic interactions play a major role for berberine-HSA association. Site marker competitive experiments indicated that the binding of berberine to HSA primarily took place in subdomain IIA. Furthermore, the distance r between donor (Trp-214) and acceptor (berberine) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
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PMID:Investigation of the interaction between Berberine and human serum albumin. 1917 54

Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA; 3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid) is a major active constituent of pigeonpea leaves, has been proven to be effective in clinical treatment of diabetes, hepatitis, measles and dysentery. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of CSA in rat plasma and various tissues (brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, small intestine and kidney) of rat for the first time. Rat plasma and tissue distribution pre-treated by protein precipitation with acetoacetate was analyzed using LC-MS/MS with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface, and isoliquiritigenin was used as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a HIQ Sil C(18) column with the mobile phase of water and methanol (9:91, v/v) containing 0.1% formic acid and resulted in a total run time of 10 min. The isocratic elution mode pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) which was 10 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear from 10 to 6000 ng/mL (R=0.9967) for plasma samples and 10 to 6000 ng/mL (R>or=0.9974) for tissue homogenates. The intra- and inter-day assay of precision in plasma and tissues ranged from 0.6% to 6.1% and 1.5% to 6.6%, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day assay accuracy was 93.5-104.6% and 93.3-107.5%, respectively. Recoveries in plasma and tissues ranged from 95.0% to 106.8%. The method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of CSA after oral administration to rats. The pharmacokinetics of CSA showed rapid absorption and elimination (T(max), 10.7+/-0.31 min; t(1/2), 51.40+/-6.54 min). After oral administration in rats, CSA was rapidly and widely distributed in tissues. High concentrations were found in liver and kidney indicating that CSA was possibly absorbed by liver and eliminated by kidney.
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PMID:Plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of cajaninstilbene acid in rats by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. 2011 56

Infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis, pneumonia, dysentery, and helminth infestations, still constitute a profound threat in developing countries. Curiously, their decline in high-income societies is paralleled by an unprecedented emergence of allergic disorders, notably asthma and atopy, and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Several changes in lifestyle are associated with this transition, including diminished exposure to soil and animals, nutritional bias, obesity and increased exposure to pollutants and antibiotics, which all impact the intestinal microbiota. Understanding the mechanistic links behind the epidemiological observations, the complexity of a changing microbiome, and the immunoregulatory consequences of microbial encounter in barrier organs was the subject of the 99(th) Dahlem Conference.
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PMID:Infection, inflammation, and chronic diseases: consequences of a modern lifestyle. 2039 9

This study surveyed a cross section of urban Chinese health workers' perception of problems, needs and priorities in health care delivery. Eleven categories of problems were identified by the health workers. When asked to prioritize what they perceived as critical public health problems in China, more respondents (25.9%) cited family planning and maternal child health as the most critical problem. However, in terms of response frequency, family planning and maternal child health ranked fifth (10.7%) behind disease prevention (18.4%), health education of the public (15.4%), health services administration (13.1%), and environmental health (12.1%). Other critical problems identified were medical education (10.0%). industrial health (5.3%), research (4.5%), nutrition and food sanitation (4.5%), young adults (3.6%), and the elderly (3.6%). Apparently, family planning is perceived as the most critical societal health problem affecting the welfare of the state, but heart disease, cancer, dysentery, hepatitis, and others were perceived as personal health problems critical to the individual and the public. The delineation suggests a distinction of state versus individual priorities. The Chinese health workers saw solutions to these critical problems more often in combined measures of health education, policy regulation, and medical care, than in single measures. They recognized the importance of an enlightened public and felt that educating the public must undergrid all health measures to reach the goal of Health for All by the Year 2000.
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PMID:Critical public health problems perceived by urban chinese health workers. 2084 Nov 56


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