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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Kamchatka newcomers in 26.7/1000 of the subjects examined (21 among males and 30.7 in females). The urban population is more often subjected to the risk of diabetes mellitus development (30/1000), than that of the rural locality (15/1000). Among the groups of different ages it is maximum in males, aged 50 to 59 years (48.6/1000), and in females, aged 40 to 49 years (59/1000), and is minimum in boys and girls, aged 15 to 19 years (5 and 5.3/1000, respectively). The highest indices of the distributed tolerance to glucose were seen in males, aged 50 to 59, 60 years and older (86.9 and 73.1/1000) and females, aged 50 to 59 years (68.5/1000), remaining sufficiently high in subjects, aged 40 to 49,60 years and older (33.4 and 46.2/1000). High indices of the disease prevalence are observed among office workers (5.2/1000 in males and 49.3/1000 in females) and not engaged subjects (29/1000 among males and 36/1000 among females). Cases of diabetes mellitus risk were adaptation period, (247), heredity (207), biliary (150) and hepatitis (122) diseases, overeating (104), cardiovascular diseases (97) for males, aged 50 to 59 years (48.6), and females, aged 40 to 49 years (59), arterial hypertension (36). Diabetes mellitus risk factors, i.e. the birth of large foetuses, cardiovascular diseases, age, an increased, carbohydrate content in the diet were noted in the native population. A scientific system of prophylactic measures has been developed on the base of the results obtained.
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PMID:[Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the population of Kamchatka Province and its risk factors]. 714 80

In 228 patients with diabetes mellitus (130 diabetics without and 98 diabetics with hyperlipoproteinaemia) percutaneous liver punctures after Menghini as well as biopsies of the subcutaneous fatty tissue were carried out. From the biopsy specimens and from serum the fatty acid pattern of triglycerides was estimated. In 87 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and 37 patients with fibrosis no differences in the fatty acid composition could be found. According to the present findings there was no evidence of alterations in the supply of individual fatty acids caused by chronic hepatitis per se. However, it is to be taken into consideration that simultaneous liver steatosis can provoke marked changes in the fatty acid pattern of liver triglycerides. The best reference seems to be the size of the fat droplet in the hepatocytes. Its rise is associated with an increase of palmitic and oleic acid, whereas the percentage of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid is decreased. It must be clarified by further studies, whether this reveals a general pathophysiological phenomenon or is restricted to diabetic subjects.
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PMID:[Fatty acid composition of triglycerides in inflammatory liver diseases in diabetics with and without hyperlipoproteinemia]. 729 84

To determine a possible relation of hepatic oxidative activity to glucose metabolism, the rates of oxygen consumption of liver slices from patients with chronic liver diseases were polarographically measured. The livers from patients with chronic (persistent and aggressive) hepatitis and with normal glucose tolerance showed almost the same respiratory activity as those from patients with normal livers and normal glucose tolerance, whereas the livers from patients with chronic hepatitis and with diabetic glucose tolerance (ie, diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic hepatitis) showed only a half the normal level. The decreased rate of respiration was also observed in liver slices from cirrhotics with glucose intolerance. The decrease in respiration was found in patients with normal or hyperinsulinemia as well as hypoinsulinemia responding to oral glucose load. No liver tests so far examined, except the oral glucose tolerance test, correlated with hepatic respiratory activity. It is concluded that in patients with chronic liver diseases the defect of liver respiration has a close relation to the glucose metabolism and is not necessarily associated with histological change of the liver.
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PMID:Glucose tolerance and respiratory activities of human liver biopsies: their interdependence. 730 59

33 patients with chronic renal failure were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 8 non-dialysed patients without any clinical or biochemical sign of liver disturbance nor any iron supplementation. Group II consisted of 25 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients treated from 2 to 13 years. 19 subjects had chronic B hepatitis. Total exogenous iron load parenteral iron and/or blood transfusions) was calculated. Body iron overload (hemosiderosis) was assessed by liver iron concentration (LIC) in needle biopsy specimens according to Barry's method (less than 200 microgram/100 mg dry weight) and serum ferritin levels (less than 360 ng/ml). 4 patients whose serum ferritin was increased with or without hepatic fibrosis and with or without any organ dysfunction due to hemochromatosis received i.v. infusions of desferrioxamine in doses of 2 g at each dialysis. Serum ferritin levels were correlated with LIC (p less than 0.001) and iron load (p less than 0.001). Hemosiderosis was noted in 16 MHD patients (group II) and correlated with iron load. Hemochromatosis was noted in 4 patients (group II). 4 hemodialysed patients with iron overload were treated by desferrioxamine from 6 to 18 months. During this therapy, body iron stores fell and organ dysfunction (heart failure, hepatic cytolysis, anaemia, diabetes mellitus improved. Long-term chelation therapy by desferrioxamine was effective and the chelated iron was readily removed by dialysis. These data show the importance of precise evaluation of iron stores in MHD patients.
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PMID:[Iron-overload in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: diagnostic criteria, indications and treatment by desferrioxamine (author's transl)]. 732 1

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a poorly understood and hitherto unnamed liver disease that histologically mimics alcoholic hepatitis and that also may progress to cirrhosis. Described here are findings in 20 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis of unknown cause. The biopsy specimens were characterized by the presence of striking fatty changes with evidence of lobular hepatitis, focal necroses with mixed inflammatory infiltrates, and, in most instances, Mallory bodies; Evidence of fibrosis was found in most specimens, and cirrhosis was diagnosed in biopsy tissue from three patients. The disease was more common in women. Most patients were moderately obese, and many had obesity-associated diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cholelithiasis. Presence of hepatomegaly and mild abnormalities of liver function were common clinical findings. Currently, we know of no effective therapy.
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PMID:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. 2901 67

A 62-year-old Indian with diabetic nephropathy controlled with metformin, developed miliary tuberculosis for which he was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol. Soon afterwards he developed cholestatic hepatitis and visual disturbance. Rifampicin and ethambutol were stopped. Streptomycin caused vertigo and had to be stopped. The introduction of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) led to hypoglycaemic coma. Metformin was stopped. Hypoglycaemic coma recurred. PAS was stopped and the patient's blood glucose concentrations became normal. Treatment with isoniazid and ethambutol led to total recovery from pulmonary tuberculosis. The induction of hypoglycaemia with PAS in this patient suggests a potential role for PAS in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Para-aminosalicylic acid-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with diabetic nephropathy. 739 95

Fifty-five renal allografts (44 from living-related and 11 from cadaver donors) that have functioned for at least 20 years (mean 22.9 +/- 2.3, range 20.1 to 30.7 years) were evaluated in three groups based on renal function: group I (n = 26), with a GFR of > or = 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine < or = 1.4 mg/dl and no proteinuria; group II (n = 9), with a GFR of > or = 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or serum creatinine < or = 1.4 mg/dl but > 150 mg proteinuria/24 hr; and group III (n = 20), with a GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dL with or without proteinuria. Allograft factors, including acute rejection (AR) in 62% (34/55) and delayed function (DF) in 55% (6/11) of the cadaver grafts, did not preclude 20-year success and the prospect of continued survival since they were not significantly more frequent in group I, II, or III. However, AR was confined to a limited period within the first three months posttransplant in 18/18 recipients in groups I and II but only in 7/16 of group III (P = 0.0002). In groups I and II AR was treated with IVMP in 14/18 cases and only 6/16 in group III (P = 0.035). Donor age < or = 50 years and recipient age < or = 40 years each occurred in 87% (48/55) of these transplants. One- or two-HLA haplotype matching was present in 98% (43/44) of living related transplants. Major risks to the recipient were coronary artery disease (11 cases and 3 deaths), malignancy (18 cases and 1 death), and severe infection and hepatitis (35 cases and 3 deaths, 2 of whom also had coronary artery disease). Hypertension occurred in 25 recipients and diabetes mellitus in 12. Potential open-end success was compromised by renal dysfunction in groups II and III, but appeared possible in 12 of the 26 patients in group I. There is no apparent "safe-haven" point of time for immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients, who remain at increased risk for eventual renal allograft dysfunction, as well as cardiovascular, neoplastic, infectious, and metabolic diseases. In order to clarify and standardize the words "long-term," a simple classification of long-term allograft survivals is proposed.
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PMID:The fate of renal allografts functioning for a minimum of 20 years (level 5A)--indefinite success or beginning of the end? A proposed classification of long-term allograft survivals. 748 35

Nonalcohol-induced fatty liver is widely believed to be a benign condition with little or no risk of disease progression. There have been occasional reports of progression to cirrhosis but none in the absence of preexisting fibrosis on the index biopsy specimen even when co-existing hepatitis was present (steatohepatitis). From our histological database (1978 to 1985), we identified 161 patients with fatty liver seen at our institution and traced the case notes of 156. One hundred five patients were initially excluded as having an alcohol-induced cause, and the remaining 51 either were seen in the clinic (37) or had died, in which cases copies of their death certificates were obtained (14). A further 7 patients were excluded after clinic attendance gave evidence of alcohol excess and another 4 after review of their initial biopsy showed the presence of fibrosis or steatohepatitis. The apparent cause of the steatosis in the 40 included patients with strictly nonalcohol-induced pure fatty liver was obesity in 12, diabetes in 4 (1 obese patient), and cachexia associated with extrahepatic malignancy in 6. Four of the remaining 19 had serological evidence of an autoimmune disorder, but none of these had any clinical or histological features of autoimmune liver disease. Nine patients had evidence of hyperlipidemia, 3 of whom were also obese. At a median follow-up of 11 years (7 to 16), 12 of 26 living patients had abnormal results of liver blood tests and had repeat liver biopsies performed. None had progressed to steatohepatitis or cirrhosis; 1 obese patient had developed mild fibrosis 9.8 years after her index biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study. 748 79

Since their initial description in 1957, the interferons (IFNs) have been increasingly used to treat a wide array of diseases. Acute adverse effects, i.e. 'flu-like' syndromes, hypo- or hypertension, tachycardia, headache, myalgias and gastrointestinal disorders, occur within the first hour or day after starting treatment. They are seldom treatment-limiting and are easily manageable. Sub-acute and chronic effects develop after several days, usually within 2 and 4 weeks of therapy. The most typical is neurological toxicity, including fatigue/asthenia, and behavioural and cognitive changes. Such symptoms may seriously impair quality of life and result in treatment discontinuation. Seizures have seldom been described. Other infrequent central nervous system adverse effects include vertigo, cramp and oculomotor nerve paralysis. Distal paraesthesias and peripheral neuropathy have been reported. IFN-associated autoimmunity is quite rare but a matter of concern. Biological or clinical manifestations usually require several months to become apparent. Autoantibodies have been shown to develop in most patients but have been inconsistently associated with clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid-like arthritis and thyroiditis. Both hypo- and hyperthyroidism have been described but are usually reversible. Other infrequent autoimmune reactions include diabetes, pemphigus and worsening of multiple sclerosis. Although several patients present with a pre-existing autoimmune disorder, no predisposing factor has been clearly established. While hypotension and tachycardia are the most frequent acute cardiovascular complications, a few additional cases of cardiac arrhythmias and myocardial ischaemia have been reported after a short course or several weeks of treatment. These latter complications do not appear to be dose-dependent or age-related. Isolated cases of congestive heart failure have also been described. Mild proteinuria has been observed in 15 to 25% of patients, but acute renal toxicity is uncommon. A transient rise in serum aminotransferase levels is frequently noted during the first stage of therapy, especially in patients receiving the highest dosages. Direct hepatotoxicity is extremely rare. Autoimmune hepatitis, which is ill-diagnosed as chronic viral hepatitis, and de novo induction of autoimmune hepatitis, account for the majority of liver diseases. Haematotoxicity is relatively common but mild to moderate, and develops gradually during the first weeks of treatment. Neutropenia is the most common haematological toxicity, but is usually not dose-limiting and resolves rapidly upon drug discontinuation. Myelosuppression, autoimmune and immune allergic haemolytic anaemias and thrombocytopenias have seldom been described. Cutaneous adverse effects comprised nonspecific erythema and hair loss and, less frequently, vasculitis, local ulcerations at the site of injection and exacerbation of psoriasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical toxicity of the interferons. 751 63

Fifty patients treated with interferon for chronic type C hepatitis, chronic type B hepatitis and renal cell carcinoma were examined for retinal complications. Retinal hemorrhages or cotton wool spots were observed in 23 (46%) of the patients. Retinal hemorrhages without cotton wool spots were found in 14 patients, cotton wool spots without retinal hemorrhages in 5 patients, and both hemorrhages and cotton wool spots in four patients. These findings were potentially reversible. There was one case of branch retinal artery occlusion and one case with microaneurysm. Red blood cell count decreased significantly in the patients with retinopathy compared with those without retinopathy (p < 0.05%). Patients with diabetes, hypertension, retinal arterial sclerosis, and anemia were at risk for retinopathy.
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PMID:[Interferon-induced retinal changes]. 751 88


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