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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Statistically there exists an increased coincidence between liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. The higher frequency of cirrhosis in diabetics compared with the normal population is to be explained partly from the higher risk of hepatitis. In addition to this the diabetic suffers from disturbances which further the development of cirrhosis, such as fatty degeneration of the liver, abuse of alcohol, more frequent inflammatory diseases of the bile duct and others. When a diabetes mellitus exists in liver cirrhosis it is to be differed between a diabetes due to absolute or relative insulin deficit and disturbances of carbohydrate clearance which are associated with normal or increased insulin levels. The latter form can be denoted as so-called liver diabetes. Main cause of this carbohydrate intolerance is an insulin resistance, partly by deminution of the metabolically active liver parenchyma, partly by the diminished reactivity of the peripheral tissues. By prophylactic measures and differentiated therapy may be favourably influenced lesions of the liver in diabetes mellitus as well as disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:[Liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus]. 85 43

The frequency of antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen was determined in 406 diabetics in two study series separated in time (1971-1972 and 1974-1975). In the 1971-1972 series, the antibody frequency in insulin and orally treated patients was significantly higher, and the incidence of hepatitis was also greater. The decline in the antibody frequency in the 1974-1975 series is primarily attributed to improved hygienic measures. Anti-HBs was more frequently demonstrable in insulin-dependent diabetics than in orally treated patients. Since the duration of diabetes was about three times as long in this treatment group and the frequency of metabolic checks twice as great, the raised antibody frequency in insulin-injecting diabetics was attributed to greater exposure to the virus.
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PMID:Antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen in diabetics. 85 42

It is reported on the dispensary care of 789 patients suffering from infectious hepatitis. Of these patients 92.86% healed completely of hepatitis during observation. 2.91% developed sequels after hepatitis, among them 1.03% a posthepatitic hyperbilirubinaemia, 1.03% a chronic persistent hepatitis, 0.17% a chronic aggressive hepatitis, 0.34% a liver cirrhosis, 4.25% had concomitant diseases, such as fatty degeneration of the liver, diseases of the bile duct, pancreatitis, and ventricular ulcer. The probable associations of these diseases with infectious hepatitis are discussed. Three patients suffered from diabetes mellitus. One of these patients developed a chronic aggressive hepatitis and finally an incipient cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Results of 10 years hepatitis follow-up]. 87 28

Diabetes mellitus was tentatively diagnosed in a black-footed ferret with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dehydration, and weight loss. Laboratory findings (marked hyperglycemia (724 mg/100 ml), glycosuria, and ketonuria) and the subsequent favorable response to insulin therapy confirmed the diagnosis. Although lesions were not observed in the pancreas, gross and histologic findings concomitant with diabetes mellitus included arteriosclerosis, with calcification of the aorta and other major vessels; mild necrotizing hepatitis; and mild proliferative glomerulonephritis. A perineal adenocarcinoma, with metastasis to an internal iliac lymph node, was an incidental finding. Special stains demonstrated adequate numbers of beta cell granules in the islets of Langerhans. Thus, the diabetes was apparently due to a lack of release of the synthesized insulin or to diminished effectiveness of the secreted insulin.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in a black-footed ferret. 92 62

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1

Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids and the lipoprotein pattern were studied in 169 cases chronic liver disease confirmed by biopsy. On the ground of the immunological and morphological results the patients were classified into five groups. In chronic persistent hepatitis no significant abnormality was found. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver the serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced. In fatty infiltration of the liver the serum cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid concentrations were significantly increased, as compared with the normal values and with the figures obtained in the cases of chronic inflammatory liver disease. In the cases of cirrhosis with additional diabetes the lipid values were likewise increased. In chronic aggressive hepatitis and in cirrhosis of the liver the levels of pre-beta and alpha lipoprotein were decreased, in fatty infiltration of the liver those of beta and pre-beta lipoprotein were increased.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins in chronic liver disease. 103 49

In chronic active hepatitis (CAH, n=58) 70% of the HBsAg negative and 48% of the HBsAg positive cases showed a CMI against human liver specific proteins (HLPI). Using HBsAg as antigen only 12% of the HBsAg negative and 24% of the HBsAg positive cases gave a CMI response. On the basis of HBsAg and autoantibodies in the serum CAH patients could be divided into 4 subgroups. A close correlation between CMI against HLPI, sex, ANA and HL-A-8 could be detected. In a follow-up study of patients with acute virus B hepatitis (n=62) CMI against HBsAg was detected in 60% of the cases in the acute phase of the disease but in 15% only 3-6 months after the onset of the illness (n=40). In patients who developed a chronic HBsAg carrier status 3 of 5 cases remained persistently positive with HLPI as antigen in the migration inhibition test. - In non-hepatic diseases in which immunological abnormalities may be present (malignant diseases n=46, diabetes mellitus n=27, active tuberculosis, n=18 and untreated systemic lupus erythematodes, n=5) only 26% of patients with malignant diseases showed a migration inhibition with HLPI. - Using different antigens such as human liver specific proteins (HLP), rabbit liver specific proteins (RLP), brucella suis antigen and tuberculin it was possible to demonstrate the validity of the two-step migration inhibition test to detect CMI. The results with different antigens in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases demonstrated that cell-mediated immunity of HLPI is an organ specific immune reaction which is associated with acute and chronic active liver diseases as a time limited or long-lasting phenomenon. Positive reactions in some tumor patients suggest that different mechanisms may elicit an autoimmune reaction against liver antigens.
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PMID:Organ-specificity and diagnostic value of cell-mediated immunity against a liver-specific membrane protein: studies in hepatic and non-hepatic diseases. 108 22

In 4 groups of patients (I = 1 621 internistic in-patients, II = 2 073 donors with increased SGPT-values, III = 2 619 after-examined patients with hepatitis, IV = 514 patients of a sanatorium for liver diseases) frequency and diagnostic validity of the symptom enlargement of the liver are tested. The most frequent cause of hepatomegalia is in group I an insufficiency of the right heart. The highest percentage, however, is to be found in liver diseases, then come heart insufficiency, diseases of stomach and gall-bladder, diabetes, rheumatic diseases. In these diseases liver biopsy detects additional changes in many cases. The validity test in the 4 groups yields very different results, dependent on the number of patients and the diagnostic questioning. The symptom hepatomegalia cannot be used as a screening test, but it is of high diagnostic value in the clinical diagnostics.
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PMID:[Studies on the frequency and diagnostic value of hepatomegaly]. 108 35

A community health survey of 923 residents aged 30 years or more was performed in Putai Township of Taiwan. To elucidate the relationships between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and surrogate tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis in hyperendemic areas of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) were examined. Glucose tolerance tests and the history of diabetes treatment were used to define the diabetes status. Fatty liver was diagnosed by sonography. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 1.6-3.6%). Elevated ALT and fatty liver were significantly associated with anti-HCV in univariate analysis. Anti-HCV was not an associated factor for fatty liver after adjusting for serum triglycerides and cholesterol, sex, body mass index and diabetes status through multiple logistic regression. However elevated ALT was still associated with anti-HCV after adjusting for serum triglycerides, sex, body mass index, HBsAg and age through multiple linear regression. The anti-HCV prevalence was similar between HBsAg-positive and negative subjects. Aggregation of HCV infection was found among spouses. It was concluded that elevated ALT and intimate contact with HCV carriers might be associated factors for HCV infection, and that HBV infection and fatty liver were not related to HCV infection in Taiwan.
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PMID:Relationship between fatty liver, alanine aminotransferase, HBsAg and hepatitis C virus. 138 55

Data on 74 pathologically confirmed cases of liver cancer among blacks and whites living in Los Angeles County, California were compared with 162 matched controls. The study was limited to only people with no hepatitis infection and to non-Asians. The risk of liver cancer for women who have used OCs for 5 years was 5.5 times higher than that for women who had never used OCs. This risk was 3 times higher for women who had ever used OCs. The data for women who were in their reproductive years when OCs 1st entered the market in the 1960s showed that the risk for 5 years of OC use increased to almost 30 times that of women who had never used OCs. Even though estrogens were presumed to be the risk factor since they induce liver cancer in animals, no significant association was found between estrogens used in estrogen replacement therapy and liver cancer. Overall, diabetics were at 3.3 times the risk for liver cancer compared with nondiabetics. People who had diabetes for at least 10 years had 4.3 times the risk and those dependent on insulin injections had 18.5 times the risk. Cigarette smokers had a 2.1 times greater risk of liver cancer than nonsmokers. Most of the women did not drink heavily which showed the independent effect of cigarette smoking. As of December 1991, these data represented the best data on OCs and cigarette smoking to date. The risk for heavy drinkers of alcohol (80g of alcohol/day=9 cans of beer, 9 glasses of wine, or 9 shots of spirits) was 4.7 times the risk of nondrinkers or light drinkers. It is concluded that alcohol and/or cigarettes caused 56% of liver cancer cases in men and that cigarettes and/or OCs caused 54% of liver cancer cases in women.
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PMID:Birth control pills, cigarettes, alcohol linked to liver cancer. 153 35


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