Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long-term survival in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) was very rare. Recently treatment with imatinib mesylate, a molecular targeted agent that inhibits the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor showed 81.6% of outstanding clinical response (PR 53.7%, SD 27.9%). Toxicities with daily dose of 400 mg and 600 mg, all patients had grade 1 or 2 toxicity. Grade 3 or higher toxicities occurred in 21.1% including edema, neutropenia, nausea, dermatitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The drug was relatively safe overall.
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PMID:[The effect of imatinib for gastrointestinal tumor]. 1528 52

Physalis peruviana (PP) is a widely used medicinal herb for treating cancer, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis and rheumatism. In this study, the hot water extract (HWEPP) and extracts prepared from different concentrations of ethanol (20, 40, 60, 80 and 95% EtOH) from the whole plant were evaluated for antioxidant activities. Results displayed that at 100 mug/ml, the extract prepared from 95% EtOH exhibited the most potent inhibition rate (82.3%) on FeCl2-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. At concentrations 10-100 microg/ml, this extract also demonstrated the strongest superoxide anion scavenging and inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activities. In general, the ethanol extracts revealed a stronger antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol and HWEPP. Compared to alpha-tocopherol, the IC50 value of 95% EtOH PP extract was lower in thiobarbituric acid test (IC50=23.74 microg/ml vs. 26.71 microg/ml), in cytochrome c test (IC50=10.40 microg/ml vs. 13.39 microg/ml) and in xanthine oxidase inhibition test (IC50=8.97 microg/ml vs. 20.68 microg/ml). The present study concludes that ethanol extracts of PP possess good antioxidant activities, and the highest antioxidant properties were obtained from the 95% EtOH PP.
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PMID:Antioxidant activities of Physalis peruviana. 1593 Jul 27

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an immunoregulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells and resting CD4CD25 T cells. In patients with advanced melanoma, our group reported that administration of anti-CTLA-4 antibody mediated objective cancer regression in 13% of patients. This study also established that the blockade of CTLA-4 was associated with grade III/IV autoimmune manifestations that included dermatitis, enterocolitis, hepatitis, uveitis, and a single case of hypophysitis. Since this initial report, 7 additional patients with anti-CTLA-4 antibody-induced autoimmune hypophysitis have been accumulated. The characteristics, clinical course, laboratory values, radiographic findings, and treatment of these 8 patients are the focus of this report.
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PMID:Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockage can induce autoimmune hypophysitis in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer. 1622 77

We report a case of sulphasalazine-related drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (the "three-week sulphasalazine syndrome") in which periferal T-cell lymphoma was a provisory diagnosis. A 40-year-old woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to a local hospital 26 days after initiation of sulphasalazine treatment. She had fever, lymphadenopathy, dermatitis and facial oedema and showed biochemical signs of progressive hepatitis. Peripheral blood counts showed elevated leucocyte count with 15% atypical plasmacytes. Lymph node biopsy showed altered follicular architecture, a diffuse CD 4 positive predominance and histiocytes with erythrophagocytosis. Investigation by gene rearrangement for clonality of B- and T-lymphocytes ruled out the suspicion of lymphoma. Haematological and near-fatal hepatological changes resolved following discontinuation of sulphasalazine and a three-week course of glucocorticoid therapy. Early awareness of this syndrome via measuring liver function tests on, e.g., days 14-35 in patients started on sulphasalazine is recommended.
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PMID:[Life-threatening liver failure and severe dyscrasias in blood and lymph nodes caused by sulphasalazine]. 1703

A 5-year-old rabbit with inappetence, symmetrical alopecia and skin lesions was examined. No mites or Malassezia were found in skin scrapings and tape impressions and dermatophyte culture was negative. Trial therapy with ivermectin did not reduce skin lesion severity, and euthanasia was performed because of anorexia after 1 month. Histopathology of the skin showed hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic exocytosis, cell-poor interface dermatitis (lymphocytic infiltration and apoptotic cells in basal layer of epidermis), absence of sebaceous glands and lymphocytic mural folliculitis comparable to sebaceous adenitis and thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis previously described in rabbits. The liver exhibited an interface hepatitis, comparable to autoimmune hepatitis in man. The occurrence of morphological similarities to exfoliative dermatitis and sebaceous adenitis in rabbits, in association with an autoimmune hepatitis, has not been described before.
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PMID:Symmetrical alopecia, scaling and hepatitis in a rabbit. 1747 Feb 30

The Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV), a keratinophilic fungus that naturally and experimentally causes severe and often fatal dermatitis in multiple reptile species, was isolated in pure culture from skin samples of three inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with deep granulomatous dermatomycosis. The first animal presented with a focal maxillary swelling involving the skin and gingiva. This lizard died while undergoing itraconazole and topical miconazole therapy. The second presented with focally extensive discoloration and thickening of the skin of the ventrum and was euthanized after 10 weeks of itraconazole therapy. A third lizard presented with hyperkeratotic exudative dermatitis on a markedly swollen forelimb. Amputation and itraconazole therapy resulted in a clinical cure. Histopathology of tissue biopsies in all cases demonstrated granulomatous dermatitis with intralesional hyphae morphologically consistent with those produced by the CANV. The second lizard also had granulomatous hepatitis with intralesional hyphae. Evidence in this report suggests that the CANV is the etiologic agent of an emerging condition in captive bearded dragons that has been called 'yellow fungus disease'.
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PMID:Deep fungal dermatitis in three inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii. 1751 Aug 61

The present study describes a subclinical necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis in normal broilers routinely slaughtered in a medium-sized (72,000 birds per day) abattoir in the Netherlands. An exploratory investigation was scheduled on line during 20-min periods for 82 flocks (3000 birds examined per period). Liver and duodenum samples were collected for histopathology from 365 birds with liver pathology. Bacteriology was performed from 240 livers with lesions and 80 control livers. In addition to the hepatic pathology, other gross lesions of the carcasses, such as footpad dermatitis and broken legs/wings, were noted. The average prevalence for gross liver lesions was 0.16% (ranging from 0% to 0.63% per flock); 89.59% of the livers were enlarged, had a firm consistency, and revealed multifocal necrotic spots. Microscopically, 51.66% showed a granulomatous reaction in addition to the necrosis. There was no consistent anaerobic or aerobic bacterial growth in comparison to normal livers. A large proportion of the livers revealed growth of Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp., and this was often with more than one type of bacterial colony. The duodenum mucosa grossly showed some redness with a mucous mass on its surface. Microscopically (n = 176) in 5.70% there were no changes in anatomy and cellular activities; 64.20% had a mildly increased number of lymphoid cells and heterophils in the lamina propria and between villus epithelial cells. The remaining 30.10% had moderate degenerative changes of villus epithelium with a mixed cellular infiltration in the lamina propria; 23.29% of the duodenum samples contained coccidia (infestation stage: mild to moderate). Signs of overgrowth with Clostridium spp. were not observed. There was a small, but significant correlation (rs = 0.30; P = 0.006) between prevalence of liver pathology and footpad dermatitis.
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PMID:Necrotizing granulomatous hepatitis in slaughtered broilers. 1762 99

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and is a reaction of donor immune cells against host tissues. Activated donor T cells damage host epithelial cells after an inflammatory cascade that begins with the preparative regimen. About 35%-50% of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients will develop acute GVHD. The exact risk is dependent on the stem cell source, age of the patient, conditioning, and GVHD prophylaxis used. Given the number of transplants performed, we can expect about 5500 patients/year to develop acute GVHD. Patients can have involvement of three organs: skin (rash/dermatitis), liver (hepatitis/jaundice), and gastrointestinal tract (abdominal pain/diarrhea). One or more organs may be involved. GVHD is a clinical diagnosis that may be supported with appropriate biopsies. The reason to pursue a tissue biopsy is to help differentiate from other diagnoses which may mimic GVHD, such as viral infection (hepatitis, colitis) or drug reaction (causing skin rash). Acute GVHD is staged and graded (grade 0-IV) by the number and extent of organ involvement. Patients with grade III/IV acute GVHD tend to have a poor outcome. Generally the patient is treated by optimizing their immunosuppression and adding methylprednisolone. About 50% of patients will have a solid response to methylprednisolone. If patients progress after 3 days or are not improved after 7 days, they will get salvage (second-line) immunosuppressive therapy for which there is currently no standard-of-care. Well-organized clinical trials are imperative to better define second-line therapies for this disease. Additional management issues are attention to wound infections in skin GVHD and fluid/nutrition management in gastrointestinal GVHD. About 50% of patients with acute GVHD will eventually have manifestations of chronic GVHD.
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PMID:Acute graft versus host disease. 1778 64

A 23-year-old woman presented to our polyclinic complaining of itching, generalized dermatitis, and jaundice. She was in her 31st gestational week and had developed pruritus and the dermatitis since the first month of pregnancy; her jaundice started about a month before presentation. Her history included similar complaints in a previous pregnancy, which resulted in premature birth of a baby with a permanent brain defect. One of her sisters had had jaundice and itching in her 27th gestational week and delivered a healthy baby; a second sister had experienced itching and dermatitis in her second trimester and delivered a healthy baby. Physical examination of the patient showed that her eyes were jaundiced (Figure 1); skin examination revealed generalized erythematous excoriated papules, symmetrically distributed all over her body (Figure 2 Figure 3). Laboratory analyses revealed the following results: leukocyte count, 14.30/mm(3) (3.8-10.3/mm(3)); erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 25 mm/h (<20 mm/h); aspartate aminotransferase, 44 U/L (5-40 U/L); alanine aminotransferase, 63 U/L (5-40 U/L); lactate dehydrogenase, 1158 U/L (220-450 U/L); total bilirubin, 6.88 mg/dL (<1.10 mg/dL); and direct bilirubin, 3.27 mg/dL (<0.35 mg/dL). Urinalysis results were positive for bilirubin and urobilinogen. Positive serologic findings included rubella immunoglobulin G, 93 AU/mL (<15) and cytomegalovirus, 188 AU/mL (<10); negative findings included herpes simplex virus type 2 and hepatitis. Histopathologic examination of material collected from the left breast via punch biopsy showed parakeratosis, acanthosis, and perivascular lymphocyte infiltration in dermal vessels. Treatment with 2 g/d cholestyramine and a topical corticosteroid was effective in the patient, who was diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and prurigo of pregnancy based on the clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory findings. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first such reported case in the literature.
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PMID:Intrahepatic cholestasis occurring with prurigo of pregnancy. 1797 52

Corticosteroids have been used extensively since cortisone was first synthesized in the 1950s. Glucocorticoids are derived from cortisone and are used in treatments for inflammation, dermatitis, allergic reactions, asthma, hepatitis, lupus erythematosus, nausea, vomiting and inflammatory bowel diseases. In the setting of palliative care, glucocorticoids have many uses, including many symptoms of malignancy, nausea, vomiting, depression, fatigue, anorexia and cachexia.
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PMID:Role of corticosteroids in palliative care. 1803 21


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