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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To examine the replication of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and its interactions with helper hepatitis B virus (HBV), the RNA of both viruses was analyzed in liver biopsy tissue obtained from six patients with past or present hepatitis. In four of five hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, the RNA genome of HDV was found in the liver. Further, the complementary RNA species as replication templates of HDV genomes documented in previous animal studies were confirmed. Within the livers of four HBsAg carriers, the transcription of HBV was absent or incomplete, however, in the patient without HDV RNA, the HBV genes expressed accurately and actively. This may account for the previously observed HBV suppression by concomitant HDV infection.
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PMID:Characterization of the transcripts of hepatitis D and B viruses in infected human livers. 258 63

A sensitive and specific capture assay for IgM antibody to hepatitis D virus (HDV) was developed employing serum-derived delta antigen (HDAg). In a retrospective and prospective study of an outbreak of hepatitis B (HB), 135 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive drug-abusers with acute hepatitis and 18 HBsAg carriers, attending various hospitals and clinics in Dublin, were found to be infected with HDV. Serological follow-up was available from 24 of those with acute hepatitis allowing a comparison of the duration and level of IgM anti-HD with the more commonly used markers, HDAg and anti-delta (anti-HD), and an assessment of the usefulness of each. HDV and HB serology was grossly altered by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in two patients, with severe clinical manifestation in one. All 135 patients with HDV co-infection had delta antigenaemia. In co-infections with optimum sampling times, the mean duration of delta antigenaemia was 21 days. IgM anti-HD was always found between HDAg and sero-conversion to anti-delta and was the only 'window' marker present in five cases. The mean duration of IgM anti-HD was four weeks (optimum at 2.8 weeks) and was of moderate or low titre and occurred simultaneously with HDAg in 78%. In HDV-infected HBsAg carriers, high-titre IgM anti-HD (greater than 1/10,000) persisted for the duration of the study and is a useful indicator of chronic HDV infection. IgM anti-HD was not found in 202 random blood donors nor in 205 patients with non-B hepatitis or other disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The serology of delta hepatitis and the detection of IgM anti-HD by EIA using serum derived delta antigen. 265 68

The ultrastructural localization of hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) was investigated by immunoperoxidase electron microscopy and by enzyme electron microscopy of RNase-gold complexes on liver biopsies from seven patients with hepatitis D. HDAg was localized mainly in the nucleus and sometimes in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, intranuclear HDAg was found on nuclear particulate structures measuring 20 to 30 nm in diameter. Intranuclear RNA visualized with gold particles was found in high amounts in the nucleolus, to a small extent in the chromatin area, and also on nuclear particulate structures. These findings suggest that intranuclear aggregates of irregular granular particulate structures in hepatitis D are the internal component of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) particles in blood.
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PMID:Electron microscopy of ribonucleic acid in nuclear particulate aggregates of hepatitis D using nuclease-gold complexes. 266 71

The prevalence and serological features of hepatitis delta virus infections were studied in a French population of chronic, non-drug addict, hepatitis B surface antigen carriers: 42 male homosexual patients were compared to 30 nonhomosexuals (20 who evidently had not been exposed to any of the usual hepatitis B virus-hepatitis delta virus risk factors and 10 hemodialyzed patients or kidney allograft recipients). Six of the 42 male homosexuals (14.3%) had at least one serological marker of hepatitis delta virus infection (hepatitis delta antigen, total and/or IgM anti-hepatitis delta antibodies). Serological follow-up was obtained for five of these patients over several months and confirmed the chronicity of the delta infection in at least four of the five subjects. Hepatitis delta antigen and hepatitis delta virus RNA were found in the liver and in the serum, respectively, of four of the five tested patients. Hepatitis B virus DNA was negative in the serum of five of the six hepatitis delta virus-positive homosexuals vs. only eight of 35 hepatitis delta virus-negative homosexuals (p less than 0.02). Human immunodeficiency virus was negative in all of the nonhomosexuals; its prevalence did not differ between the hepatitis delta virus-positive and -negative homosexuals: three were human immunodeficiency virus-positive among the six former vs. 15 among the 36 latter. Human immunodeficiency virus positivity was without obvious influence on hepatitis B virus replication, since among 35 hepatitis delta virus-negative homosexuals hepatitis B virus DNA was found in 80% of the human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals and 70% of those who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative.
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PMID:Hepatitis delta virus infection in French male HBsAg-positive homosexuals. 234 65

The hepatitis D virus (HDV) was first detected in Italy in 1977 and is the etiologic agent of type D hepatitis. A defective RNA virus, HDV depends completely on the hepatitis B virus for its expression and replication. HDV infection can cause a severe form of hepatitis with high mortality rates. In the United States, hepatitis D most commonly affects intravenous drug abusers and hemophiliacs. Diagnosis is based on interpretation of the body's immune response to the hepatitis D antigen. At present, there is no specific treatment for type D hepatitis. Prophylaxis against HDV infection depends entirely on the prevention of hepatitis B. Patients found to have hepatitis D virus infection should be referred to a gastroenterologist for management.
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PMID:Hepatitis D virus infection. 267 23

The intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis delta virus RNA was studied by in situ hybridization in 33 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies from 17 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers superinfected with hepatitis delta virus. The findings were correlated with the expression of the hepatitis delta antigen, the duration of the hepatitis delta virus infection and the eosinophilic degeneration of the hepatocytes. Intranuclear hepatitis delta virus RNA and antigen were found in 28 specimens, whereas the remaining five were negative for both markers. Hepatitis delta virus RNA and antigen were mostly found within the same cell. In 20 specimens, however, a variable number of hepatocytes showed the presence of hepatitis delta virus RNA alone. The percentage of these over the total number of infected cells was higher in the specimens taken within 1 year from the acute delta hepatitis, whereas their absence was invariably associated with a long-established hepatitis delta virus infection. Interestingly, the vast majority of hepatocytes undergoing eosinophilic degeneration, a change significantly associated with hepatitis delta virus infection, did not show the presence of either hepatitis delta virus RNA or the viral antigen, suggesting a lack of association, at the cellular level, between viral replication and cytopathological change. The specificity of the detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA was confirmed by negative findings in nine specimens from seven chronic hepatitis B virus carriers without evidence of past or current hepatitis delta virus infection. The loss in sensitivity due to the formalin fixation was estimated to be 50% of that obtained in frozen biopsies, as determined by counting autoradiographic grains over infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intrahepatic markers of hepatitis delta virus infection: a study by in situ hybridization. 220 41

Superinfection by hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in hepatitis B virus chronic carriers is normally associated with a progressive liver injury. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant interferon alpha (rIFN-alpha) treatment of chronic delta hepatitis, by giving high doses of rIFN-alpha 2c during a prolonged period. A total of 20 HBsAg, anti-HD carriers with a chronic active hepatitis were randomly allocated in two groups: (I) n = 10, control and (II) n = 10, treated with 10 MU/m2 body surface of rIFN-alpha, twice weekly, intramuscularly (im) during 6 months. Basally, all patients presented HDAg in the liver and serum IgM anti-HD. Serum HDV-RNA was positive in 8 and 7 patients from groups I and II, respectively. The interferon therapy was well tolerated and all patients finished the treatment period. During the first 6 months, a decrease in ALT levels among treated patients (255 +/- 98 vs. 193 +/- 117) was observed. In addition, a transient drop in HDV-RNA levels was also observed. No changes in anti-HD titer, IgM anti-HD and HBsAg concentration were detected. At the end of the follow-up period (15 months) two treated patients had lost IgM anti-HD. In addition, another two patients were HDV-RNA negative. In conclusion, no permanent antiviral effects of rIFN-alpha 2c in chronic delta hepatitis, using this schedule, was achieved.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic delta infection with recombinant human interferon alpha 2c at high doses. 269 69

To assess the incidence and prevalence of delta hepatitis in homosexual men, we tested serum specimens for delta markers in participants in two previous studies: a hepatitis B vaccine trial among homosexual men conducted in the early 1980's and the Centers for Disease Control sentinel counties hepatitis study for 1983-1984. In the vaccine trial, men found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive at the time of enrollment and those men who had serologic evidence of new hepatitis B virus infection during follow-up were tested. In the sentinel counties study that determined risk factors for viral hepatitis in reported cases, all homosexual men with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections were tested for delta markers. Specimens were tested for delta antigen and IgM and total delta antibody. In seven different cities, among 321 men found to be HBsAg positive at the time of screening, eight (2%) were positive for any delta marker. Among 290 men with new hepatitis B virus infections during follow-up, three (two coinfections, one superinfection) had serologic evidence of delta hepatitis. In the sentinel counties study, 0/63 acute hepatitis B virus infections in homosexual men were associated with delta hepatitis. This study indicates that the delta agent is an infrequent cause of viral hepatitis in homosexual men in the United States.
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PMID:Delta hepatitis in homosexual men in the United States. 271 38

A postal survey of 730 Malaysian dental practitioners was undertaken to assess their awareness and acceptance of the plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. Only 32% of the 325 practitioners who responded had been vaccinated, 41% intended to be and 15% categorically refused vaccination. The main reservations about vaccine acceptance were fear of side effects including AIDS, cost of the vaccine and lack of information. Vaccine efficacy was not confirmed by serology in two-thirds of the vaccinees and two-fifths of the respondents were unaware that 5% of the vaccinees do not develop a successful antibody response after vaccination. Seventy-eight percent of dentists believed that their risk of contracting hepatitis B was high or very high while 71% recalled having received needle stick injuries in the 3 yr prior to the survey. Only 13% of respondents were aware of delta hepatitis while 63% were aware of non-A non-B hepatitis. The survey has highlighted the need for dissemination of information on hepatitis B vaccine among dentists in Malayasia.
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PMID:Awareness and acceptance of the hepatitis B vaccine by dental practitioners in Malaysia. 276 96

In order to know the etiology and natural history of acute viral hepatitis in intravenous drugs abusers, a panel of 110 heroin addicts, suffering acute hepatitis, is studied. The B virus, by itself or in conjunction with the delta virus was responsible for 63 cases. 35 patients suffered of NANB hepatitis and only two patients were diagnosed of hepatitis A. Delta infection was detected in 38 of the 77 cases of HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis. All the hepatitis B patients had serum conversion within the first 6 months of the acute episode. All the patients suffering acute delta hepatitis and 75% of those suffering non-A, non-B hepatitis, developed chronic hepatic disease. We conclude that in our environment, the B virus is the main responsible for acute hepatitis in heroin addicts. Delta infection is detected in almost half of the heroin addicts with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis. The acute hepatitis caused by B virus, or by B and delta viruses simultaneously, have a satisfactory evolution, thus, almost all the cases are cured within 6 months. On the contrary, hepatitis caused by NANB or delta viruses usually progresses to chronic hepatic disease.
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PMID:[Acute hepatitis in heroin addicts: etiologic and follow-up study of 110 cases]. 277 11


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