Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have investigated the usefulness of serum hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA detection using a slot hybridization analysis of serum samples from ten patients with acute hepatitis and delta markers (group I), from 28 patients with chronic delta hepatitis (group II) and from seven liver graft recipients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HDV related cirrhosis or fulminant hepatitis (group III). The slot-blots were hybridized with both HDV-complementary DNA and single-stranded RNA probes. With the single-stranded RNA probe, HDV RNA was detected in the first serum sample available in 9/10 of the patients with acute hepatitis (group I). In addition, HDV RNA was detected in 8/9 and 7/8 of the samples obtained within and after 1 month of the onset of hepatitis. Five of the ten patients scored positive for HDV RNA and negative for hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) while one was negative for HDV RNA and positive for HDAg. The same RNA probe enabled the detection of serum HDV RNA in 21/28 chronic hepatitis patients (liver HDAg and/or IgM anti-HD positive) (group II). Among the liver graft recipients (group III), 7/7 had a recurrent delta infection. Serum HDAg, liver HDAg and anti-HD IgM were identified in 3/7, 6/7 and 5/7 of the patients, respectively. HDV RNA was detected in the seven patients with either persistent (4/7) or transient (3/7) positivity. In addition, HBsAg and HBV RNA were persistently shown in 4/7 patients with continuous HDV replication. In the remaining three patients, HDV RNA was detectable despite the absence of HBsAg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Serum hepatitis delta virus RNA in patients with delta hepatitis and in liver graft recipients. 239 61

The incidence, clinicopathological features and etiology of acute exacerbation occurring in patients with chronic type B hepatitis were assessed prospectively among 385 patients who had HBeAg and 279 who had anti-HBe in serum. During an average follow-up of 23.5 months, acute exacerbations occurred in 197 HBeAg-positive patients and in 56 anti-HBe positive patients, with a calculated annual incidence of 28.6 and 10.3%, respectively (p less than 0.001). The clinical and laboratory findings of acute exacerbations were similar in the HBeAg-positive and anti-HBe positive patients. The mean serum bilirubin and alpha-fetoprotein levels were higher in anti-HBe positive patients (p less than 0.01), but actual differences were small. The histologic features of acute exacerbations were also similar in the HBeAg-positive patients and anti-HBe positive patients. Lobular alterations were the main histologic findings; in addition, one-fourth of patients had bridging necrosis and one-fourth had piecemeal necrosis. Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B was the major cause of these exacerbations in both HBeAg-positive patients (91.5%) as well as anti-HBe positive patients (62.5%). Hepatitis delta virus superinfection accounted for a higher percentage of exacerbations in anti-HBe positive patients (14.3%) than in HBeAg-positive cases (6.5%). Hepatitis A and possibly non-A, non-B virus superinfections also contributed to some episodes of exacerbation. Thus, acute exacerbations of disease occurred more frequently in HBeAg-positive patients than in anti-HBe positive patients with chronic type B hepatitis, but the clinicopathological features and etiologies were similar.
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PMID:Acute exacerbation in chronic type B hepatitis: comparison between HBeAg and antibody-positive patients. 243 3

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient chronically infected with hepatitis D virus (HDV) were immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus transformation. Two stable monoclonal cell lines, derived from the same parent culture, were established and produced antibodies of the IgG isotype that were specific for the hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg). Both monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognized the major HDAg polypeptides of 24 kilodaltons and 27 kilodaltons that were previously detected by polyclonal antibodies to HDAg in both liver and serum from HDV-infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks. This result indicates that the major polypeptides of HDAg share common epitopes. The MAbs also reacted with minor polypeptides of lower molecular weight, which were present in infected liver. In vitro translation products of HDV-specific RNA from infected liver were also detected by the MAbs; these polypeptides were 24 kilodaltons and 27 kilodaltons, respectively, and comigrated with liver- or serum-derived HDAg. In contrast, HDV RNA isolated from virions in serum was not translated into HDAg polypeptides in the in vitro system.
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PMID:A human monoclonal antibody that recognizes viral polypeptides and in vitro translation products of the genome of the hepatitis D virus. 244 71

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a small RNA virus that is dependent on helper functions provided by hepatitis B virus. The hepatitis delta Ag (HDAg) is the only protein known to be made from the viral genome, from an ORF with a coding capacity of 214 amino acids. The immunogenic epitopes of HDAg and the immune response to it were mapped by the use of synthetic peptides, antipeptide antibodies, and human mAb. Antipeptide sera covering approximately 60% of the linear sequence reacted with liver-derived HDAg. Antisera from HDV-infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks reacted with from 2 to 13 of 15 peptides. The epitopes of two human anti-HD mAb were mapped to overlapping but distinct epitopes in the region around residues 106-123. Sera from infected humans, chimpanzees, and woodchucks were also tested by competition with the mAb. Use of the peptides and antipeptide sera defined one region in the sequence (residues 52-93) which is immunodominant in the immune response to HDAg. Reactivity of both peptides and antipeptide antibodies was very broad, covering most or all of the linear sequence. Competition assays also provided information on conformational epitopes, as well as the sequential epitopes defined by direct assays. The peptides and antipeptide antibodies should be useful in new assay development, in dissecting the anti-HD response in terms of chronic vs self-limited infection, and in studying the role of anti-HD in infection and recovery.
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PMID:Hepatitis delta antigen. Antigenic structure and humoral immune response. 247 87

Chronic hepatitis (CH) may be defined as persistence of an inflammatory reaction in the liver for greater than 4 months. Different immune mechanisms of liver damage are operative in children with the three common types of CH. In autoimmune CH the cytotoxic effect is mostly confined to the non-T cell lymphocyte fraction. Autoimmune CH is steroid responsive and has a generally favorable prognosis. In hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis both T and non-T lymphocytes are responsible for the cytotoxic reaction. Steroid or interferon treatment is controversial and the prognosis is less favorable. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) hepatitis only occurs in children with HBV hepatitis as either a co-infection or superinfection. As a co-infection the HBV is usually eliminated and CH does not ensue. Superinfection with HDV, however, frequently leads to rapidly progressive liver damage and a more serious prognosis. Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. In NANB hepatitis, the cytotoxic effect is predominantly T cell. NANB hepatitis generally runs a mild course, and no treatment is usually recommended.
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PMID:Living with chronic hepatitis. 248 25

The case histories of a carrier of haemophilia A with chronic post transfusion non-A non-B hepatitis and a severe haemophiliac with chronic delta hepatitis are described. Therapy with lymphoblastoid alpha interferon resulted in improvement of NANB and HDV related chronic hepatitis and resolution of HIV related thrombocytopenia. Interferon may modulate replication of more than one transfusion transmitted virus in the haemophiliac.
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PMID:Interferon therapy for chronic non-A non-B and chronic delta liver disease in haemophilia. 250 26

In order to clone hepatitis C (blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis) virus, lambda gt11-cDNA library was constructed from RNA extracted from 100 liters serum collected from 1,047 donors with elevated ALT levels and negative for hepatitis B virus-DNA. The library was immunoscreened on Y1090 cells with pooled serum obtained from patients with acute hepatitis C or chronic hepatitis C. By screening 29 clones specific for Japanese hepatitis C infection were isolated. The specificity of these clones for hepatitis C infection was determined by panels constructed in 3 laboratories. Of these, 12 clones were specific for American hepatitis C infection as well. The nucleotide sequence (201 bp) of one of them was determined to be unique compared to known human viruses including hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus. Southern blot analysis showed the absence of the sequence of the human genome in the clone. The predicted amino acid sequence is rich in residues of lysine, arginine, glutamic acid and asparagine, while lacking leucine, cysteine and methionine.
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PMID:Cloning of a cDNA associated with acute and chronic hepatitis C infection generated from patients serum RNA. 250 78

This paper reviews the modern management of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis D and non-A non-B hepatitis. It describes the treatment of uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis, complicated acute viral hepatitis, and chronic viral hepatitis. The roles for corticosteroids, synthetic nucleotides, and interferons are reviewed. Finally, passive and active immunization against viral hepatitis are discussed.
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PMID:Review article: the management of hepatitis A, B, D and non-A non-B. 251 22

Viral hepatitis is still a major public health problem all over the world. The introduction of recent methods for diagnosis, improved hygienic and health standards, screening of blood donors together with the availability of vaccines helped greatly in reduction of viral hepatitis in some countries. However, NANB hepatitis is still widespread and constitutes a medical challenge. Since long time, epidemiologic speculation of the presence of more than one virus causing the disease was put forward. In 1956 the first report on a patient with more than two epidoses of acute hepatitis was published. Recently reliable methods for diagnosis of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and delta hepatitis became available. The presence of acute hepatitis in absence of specific serological markers of HAV, HBV and HDV is considered as NANB hepatitis. The diagnosis of the latter disease remains a matter of exclusion in spite of the tremendous efforts to formulate specific tests for diagnosis. Even the experience with immunofluorescence techniques were not successful. At least two routes of transmission are recognized; blood transfusion (endemic) and fecal-oral (epidemic). The course of the disease is usually benign but a good percent proceed to chronicity. Some described severe necrotizing NANB hepatitis complicated by pancytopenia. Very little has been known about NANB hepatitis in Saudi Arabia.
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PMID:Epidemiology of non A non B hepatitis in Jeddah, KSA with special reference to aminotransferases as a prognostic criterion. 252 Jan 46

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis virus markers and human T-cell lymphotropic virus infections among drug abusers in Japan, serum samples were collected from 91 male drug abusers at the Shinshu University Hospital and the rehabilitation facility in Matsumoto and from 519 healthy male blood donors as controls. Sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), immunoglobulin M anti-HBc (IgM anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV), antibody to HTLV type 1 (anti-HTLV 1), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). The prevalence of anti-HAV was 13.2% in drug abusers and 10.8% in controls (not significant). The prevalences of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and exposure rate to hepatitis B virus (HBV) were 4.4%, 24.2%, 31.9%, and 35.2%, respectively, in drug abusers and 0.8%, 6.7%, 9.6%, and 9.6% in controls. The exposure rate to HBV was significantly different (P less than 0.001). IgM anti-HBc and anti-HDV were not detected in any sera. Anti-HTLV I was detected in three drug abusers (3.3%) and in one (0.2%) of the controls (P less than 0.01). All sera were negative for anti-HIV in all subjects. Infection with HBV and HTLV I is more common among drug abusers than in the general population of blood donors in Japan.
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PMID:Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, and D viruses and human T-lymphocyte tropic viruses in Japanese drug abusers. 255 57


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