Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the prevalence, causes, and severity of chronic liver dysfunction (LD) in heart transplant patients, 80 transplanted patients followed for 60 months (median; range, 1.5-98 months) were reviewed. Sustained liver dysfunction was found in 50 patients, occurring during the first year after heart transplantation in 42 (84%) of them. Most patients were asymptomatic (80%). Causes for the liver dysfunction included non-A, non-B hepatitis in 16 cases (32%), viral B hepatitis in 13 (26%), delta hepatitis in one (2%), drug-induced hepatitis in six (12%), and cardiac failure in seven (14%). Anti-HCV antibodies were found in 56.2% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and in 22% of patients with HBV hepatitis. It was found neither in patients with drug-induced hepatitis cardiac failure nor in patients with normal liver tests. This study outlines a high prevalence of LD (62.5%) in heart transplant patients, the high frequency of viral-related chronic LD (usually of moderate severity), and high incidence of HCV and HBV hepatitis.
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PMID:Chronic liver dysfunction in heart transplant recipients, with special reference to viral B, C, and non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. A retrospective study in 80 patients with follow-up of 60 months. 192 44

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA was isolated from the serum of a chimpanzee acutely infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and superinfected with HDV. Interference of HDV with HBV resulted in decreased HBV DNA levels in the serum. This interference did not change the size of the two HBV specific RNAs present in the liver of the chimpanzee. The complete cDNA sequence of the HDV RNA (5th passage) was determined. Comparison of this cDNA sequence with our previously published sequence (4th passage), located in the variable domain of HDV, was highly conserved. The HDV strain used for these infections originated from a human HDV isolate also used for five to seven HDV passages in chronic HBV carrier chimpanzees (subtypes adw and ayw) or woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). The complete HDV cDNA sequence showed an extreme conservation (up to 99.8% homology) with the previously published animal-derived HDV cDNA sequences irrespective of passage number and animal species. In contrast a markedly lower homology (85-89%) was found when compared with 3 human-derived HDV cDNA sequences. Comparison of our complete cDNA sequence with the human-derived cDNA sequences showed that the nucleotide changes in the human-derived isolates were restricted to specific regions on the genome and to specific basepair substitutions. The hepatitis Delta antigen (HDAg) is highly conserved both in the human- and animal-derived cDNA sequences showing mainly conservative amino acid changes.
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PMID:Hepatitis delta virus cDNA sequence from an acutely HBV-infected chimpanzee: sequence conservation in experimental animals. 194 Aug 77

Twenty-seven carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen who underwent liver transplantation in Italy and Belgium for terminal Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) cirrhosis were investigated. In 22 of the patients, HDV infection recurred. Two patients died of coexisting HDV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. Four patients who died of unrelated causes were found to have HDV without signs of HBV reactivation. Five patients (18%) cleared both HBV and HDV after transplantation with no evidence of hepatitis (mean follow-up, 29 months). In many surviving patients. HDV infection recurred early without signs of HBV reactivation. Disease returned in the 11 HDV-infected patients in whom HBV also recurred. Histological hepatitis did not recur during an interim of 12-33 months in the 5 HDV-infected patients in whom HBV did not return. The overall medium-term survival in patients with HDV who underwent transplantation was 77.7%. Liver transplantation offers patients with HDV a hope of cure from disease despite a high risk of reinfection. In the transplantation setting. HDV can cause subclinical infections without any apparent assistance from HBV; these infections become symptomatic only if and when HBV reactivates. Thus, HDV may not be in itself pathogenic but requires cooperation from HBV to cause the appearance of the disease.
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PMID:Patterns of hepatitis delta virus reinfection and disease in liver transplantation. 195 41

Sera from 31 patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and 18 patients with acute hepatitis delta virus infection were examined for IgA class antibodies to this virus using a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was detected in 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients with chronic delta viral hepatitis, but in only 1 (5.6%) of the 18 patients with acute infection (p less than 0.0005). Of the 21 patients with chronic delta hepatitis with IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus, 19 (90.5%) had moderate-to-severe activity on liver biopsy: 18 of the 21 had histological features of chronic active hepatitis and three had chronic lobular hepatitis. In all, 23 patients with chronic delta hepatitis had moderate-to-severe activity, and 19 (82.6%) had IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus. No statistically significant correlations were found between IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus and biochemical markers of liver injury (p greater than 0.4), or the presence of hepatitis delta virus antigen in liver biopsies (p greater than 0.2), in the patients with chronic delta hepatitis. The finding that IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was almost exclusively associated with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and correlated independently with moderate-to-severe histological activity (with a specificity of 90.5% and a sensitivity of 82.6%) suggests that this antibody might be a useful serological marker of underlying liver damage in chronic delta hepatitis.
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PMID:IgA class antibodies to hepatitis delta virus antigen in acute and chronic hepatitis delta virus infections. 195 86

In our Pediatric Haemato-Oncology Unit, 42 young patients cured of their malignancy were left with chronic delta hepatitis. The severity of liver disease in many of these patients prompted us to start a pilot study on the effect of recombinant alpha 2b interferon, given at a dose of 5 MU/square meter thrice weekly. All nine patients included in the study (five males, mean age: 15 years) had well-compensated liver disease, including five cases with active hepatitis and cirrhosis. At the end of the 3rd month of therapy, two patients with cirrhosis developed a biochemical exacerbation leading to hepatic decompensation, which was fatal in one case. The reasons for this unfavourable outcome remain unclear. Basic immunological tests were normal, but one of the two patients was the single case with anti-liver-kidney microsome antibodies. On the other hand, both patients seroconverted from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody at the time of exacerbation, suggesting that liver damage could have been the result of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to hepatitis B virus antigens. The results of this study, which has been interrupted at the 4th month, suggest that interferon therapy for chronic delta hepatitis has to be considered cautiously in young patients cured of pediatric malignancies. In fact, no beneficial effect was seen and the treatment appeared to be harmful in at least two out of nine patients treated.
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PMID:Interferon therapy of chronic delta hepatitis in patients cured of pediatric malignancies: possible harmful effect. 196 Oct 87

The genomic RNA of an Asian isolate of hepatitis delta virus was cloned from a Chinese patient from Taiwan, using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify cDNA for cloning and sequencing. The sequence of this hepatitis delta virus isolate shares an 86% to 88% similarity with the three published hepatitis delta virus RNA sequences, suggesting heterogeneity of hepatitis delta viruses from different geographical areas. Four highly conserved, long stretches of sequence were found. These four regions corresponded to the sequences required for the autocatalytic cleavage activities of the genomic and antigenomic RNAs and the middle and the carboxyl terminal parts of the open reading frame for the delta antigen on the antigenomic strand. The conservation of nucleotide sequence in these four regions was further confirmed by sequencing additional hepatitis delta virus RNAs obtained from three patients with chronic delta hepatitis who lived in Los Angeles. These findings suggest that the conserved sequences are critical for viral replication. These conserved regions offer ideal sites for primer selection to carry out polymerase chain reactions to detect hepatitis delta virus RNA in patients with hepatitis delta virus infection.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of an isolate of hepatitis delta virus from Taiwan. 199 41

Two hundred eleven HIV-seropositive patients with AIDS, AIDS-related complex, or a CD4+ cell count less than 200 x 10(6) were examined for the presence of hepatitis B virus markers during the course of their HIV infection (median follow-up of 18 months; range of 1 to 107 months). Anti-HBs was detected initially in 138 patients (65%). Sixteen patients (8%) were HBsAg positive at entry. Fourteen had chronic HBV infection of whom 12 initially were positive for HBeAg and HBV DNA; 11 remained positive during follow-up, whereas one seroconverted to anti-HBe and lost HBV DNA. Two patients with chronic HBV infection were initially negative for HBeAg and HBV DNA: one later had reactivated HBV replication and one cleared HBeAg following onset of hepatitis D infection. The last two HBsAg-positive patients had resolving acute HBV infection. Six of the 57 patients who initially were negative for HBV markers acquired HBV infection during follow-up. Four of these six patients developed chronic infection whereas two patients had acute subclinical resolving hepatitis. In addition, four patients became HBsAg positive with their last serum samples, possibly indicating reactivation of HBV infection following progressive immunological and clinical deterioration. None of the patients developed clinical symptoms that could be ascribed to HBV infection, and transaminase elevations were only sporadically recorded. It is concluded that acquisition of HBV infections is not infrequent in HIV-seropositive patients with immune deficiency. Furthermore, the course of both previously established chronic HBV infection and newly acquired HBV infection is modified in such patients, whereas reactivation of past HBV infection seems to be a rare event.
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PMID:High incidence of hepatitis B infection and evolution of chronic hepatitis B infection in patients with advanced HIV infection. 200 76

We have sequenced an HDV RNA from an acute delta hepatitis patient from the Nauru Islands. By comparison with other HDV sequences previously reported, we have identified three conserved regions: the first one is the sequence around the catalytic cleavage site for genomic-sense RNA; the second is the corresponding site for the antigenomic sense RNA; and the third is the sequence encoding the middle domain of the hepatitis delta antigen. We have shown that the middle domain of the delta antigen can bind specifically to the HDV RNA. This binding was demonstrated both in vitro and in the purified virion. It was suggested that this RNA-protein interaction is important for HDV RNA replication. We also suggest that the conserved sequences provide ideal primers for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical diagnosis of HDV infections. We recommend the use of nucleotides 870-900 and 690-720 (Makino et al., 1987a) as primers for routine screening.
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PMID:Functional studies of hepatitis delta antigen and delta virus RNA. 202 Jul 4

The prevalence, the epidemiology, the clinical and biochemical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection were studied in patients with HBsAg-positive acute hepatitis, in those with chronic liver disease, and in apparently healthy carriers in Turkey. Fifty-eight of the 242 carriers of HBsAg (23.9%) and 31 of the 237 (13.1%) patients with acute HBsAg-positive hepatitis had serological evidence of HDV infection. Eleven of these individuals were HBsAg carriers with acute HDV superinfection. The prevalence of HDV infection was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in patients with chronic liver disease (54/165; 32.7%) than in asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg (4/77; 5.2%). The highest prevalence (26/57; 45.6%) of HDV infection was found in patients at high risk of acquiring hepatitis virus infection (health care workers, hemodialysis patients, polytransfused patients) with chronic liver disease. Whereas the frequency of "severe" or fulminant hepatitis was similar in HBV infected patients (7.8%) and in HBV/HDV coinfected individuals (10%), the frequency of biphasic hepatitis was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher in the latter patients (30%) than in those with classical hepatitis B (7.8%). Chronic evolution of the disease was observed in 3.9% of the patients with classical hepatitis B and in 5% of those who had evidence of simultaneous HBV/HDV infection. The 10 carriers of HBsAg who survived the acute HDV superinfection developed chronic delta hepatitis. These findings indicate that HDV is endemic in Turkey and that its prevalence is highest among chronic HBsAg-positive hepatitis patients, implicating HDV as a major cause of liver disease among urban Turkis.
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PMID:Epidemiology and clinical outcome of hepatitis D virus infection in Turkey. 202 23

The various forms of chronic and acute hepatitis are today exclusively diagnosed by serological tests, since clinical criteria do not permit exact classification of a specific hepatitis type. This contribution deals with the most important serological findings relating to the acute forms of viral hepatitis "in the strict sense" - hepatitis A (HA), hepatitis B (HB), hepatitis D (HD) and hepatitis C (HC). The serological markers for chronic active hepatitis B (CAH-B), chronic hepatitis C (CAH-C), primary active biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and the auto-immune forms of chronic hepatitis (AIH) are also discussed.
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PMID:[Serological studies in acute, chronic and autoimmune hepatitis]. 204 29


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