Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were 72 patients (19 with hepatic failure, 10 with fulminant hepatitis, eight with paraquat poisoning, eight with rheumatoid arthritis, five with myasthenia gravis, four with hyperlipidemia, four with systemic arteriosclerosis including brain infarction, three with pemphigus vulgaris, two with multiple myeloma, two with systemic lupus erythematosus, two cases non-specific Ig-G antibody, two cases medication with an anticancer drug, one with multiple sclerosis, one with Crohn's disease with amyloid kidney and one with chronic myeloblastic leukemia) treated by plasma exchange in the Kidney Center, Tokai University School of Medicine from Jan. 1983 to Dec. 1986. We performed plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma in 40 cases and Lactate-Ringer's solution containing albumin (4.0-5.0%) in 20 cases as the replacement fluid. In 17 cases, we performed double filtration plasma exchange with the recycle system and no replacement fluid. Although PE therapy did not constitute a basic therapy for hyperlipidemia, pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, it was effective in relieving severe clinical symptoms. At the present time, conventional plasma exchange does not improve the survival rate of patients with hepatic failure and fulminant hepatitis. Developments of a new artificial liver support apparatus and identity of many toxic substances in hepatic failure are necessary. No hypotension, hypovolemic shock or other significant complications were experienced.
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PMID:Clinical reports on plasma exchange in the Kidney Center, Tokai University School of Medicine. 344 83

Nine hundred and ninety nine patients were admitted in our Department (the Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UOEH) during the five years more since the opening date of the University Hospital (July, 9, 1979), and 864 cases in them (86.2%) suffered from the various digestive diseases. Most of the in-patients with digestive diseases in our Department are resident in Kitakyushu city and its suburbs, especially in Yahatanishi-ku, Wakamatsu-ku and Onga county, therefore, it may be possible to investigate the ecological characteristics of the in-patients of our Department in the relation to the outbreak, clinical course and outcome of the digestive diseases. Namely, it may be assumed that the incidence and prevalence of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are relatively high in this area (Kitakyushu city and its suburbs) as compared with the average of all Japan. Although the true causes of these illness are still unknown, the inclination of haptoglobin phenotypes (HP) which include 2-2, 2-1 & 1-1 type 1-1 strongly suggests to the association with some genetical factors on the high incidence of these diseases (IBD). In this connection, Hp type 1-1 were recognized 4 in 11 cases (36.4%) with ulcerative colitis, and 3 in 7 cases (42.9%) with Crohn's disease in our Department whereas only 3-5% in normal controls. Secondly, the patients with carcinoma of the biliary tree (bile duct and gall bladder) are relatively more, namely, 17 cases of bile duct cancer and 3 cases of gall bladder cancer were admitted in our Department during this term. It is interesting to note that hepatohilar type of the bile duct cancer was observed comparatively high (4 in 17 cases, 52.9%) in the past five years-more although the etiology is unknown. Finally, several characteristics in liver diseases particularly in viral hepatitis were illustrated in this study, namely, the ratio of transient HBV infection to whole (transient and persistent) HBV infection in the patients with acute viral hepatitis (due to HBV) is high (80.9%), HBeAg positivity is high in chronic B-hepatitis (44.9%), the ratio of alcoholic cirrhosis to whole liver cirrhosis is relatively high (34.9%) and HBsAg positivity is lower in liver cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic origin (mainly due to hepatitis virus) than the average of this country, and also, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without liver cirrhosis is higher (23.0%) than the average of whole Japan (less than 15%) statistically.
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PMID:[Ecological approach to the patients with digestive diseases in Kitakyushu City and its suburbs]. 372 13

Between 1973 and 1983 abdominal tuberculosis was responsible for the admission of 90 patients to a west London district general hospital. Over the same period Crohn's disease was newly diagnosed in 102 hospitalised patients. In contrast with Crohn's disease, the majority (75) of tuberculous patients were Asian immigrants. Mean duration of residence in the United Kingdom was 4 +/- 0.9 (SD) years, and mean age at presentation was 34.9 +/- 1.1 years. Forty per cent of tuberculosis patients presented as an acute emergency to physicians, surgeons, or gynaecologists while the remainder presented a more insidious, chronic picture. Five groups of tuberculous patients were recognised. Forty two subjects had intestinal tuberculosis characterised by pain (100%), abdominal mass (43%) and abnormal contrast radiology (100%). Ten of these underwent emergency laparotomy for intestinal obstruction or perforation. Twenty seven patients had tuberculous peritonitis although only 16 had ascites. Eight patients presented with pyrexia and granulomatous hepatitis. Five had pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis. The remaining eight patients represented a miscellaneous group. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was established histologically (60 cases), bacteriologically (six cases) or radiologically (24 cases). Chest radiograph, tuberculin skin testing and paracentesis were usually unhelpful. Five severely ill patients died. The remainder recovered completely after specific triple chemotherapy and response to treatment was usually evident within 14 days. In urban Britain tuberculosis is an important cause of abdominal disease. Prognosis is excellent following specific therapy.
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PMID:Abdominal tuberculosis in urban Britain--a common disease. 408 7

Endotoxins are constituents of the capsules of intestinal gram-negative Flora. Under pathological conditions with limited clarification function of the liver RES (alcoholic hepatitis, severe virus hepatitis, cholestasis, cirrhosis of the liver) they do reach the systemic circulation. If the colon is primarily diseased (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) or secondarily damaged (edema of the colonic wall in acute pancreatitis) they pass through the wall into the peritoneal cavity and from there into the systemic circulation (endotoxemia). Attention to the endotoxemias can explain a number of systemic complications which often determine the clinical course of the diseases named. A basis is also created for seeking an effective form of therapy.
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PMID:[Endotoxins and the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. 678 50

Four patients who developed acute viral hepatitis in the course of active Crohn's disease are reported upon. Three of these patients (1 with hepatitis A and 2 with hepatitis B) had a very striking and unusual clinical remission or apparent healing on regression of the hepatitis. These observations suggest that intercurrent hepatitis may have a beneficial effect on the course of active Crohn's disease.
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PMID:Does intercurrent hepatitis have a beneficial effect on the course of Crohn's disease? 682 96

Report of a new American histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum in a young adult Haitian, and review of the digestive disorders as reported in the previous medical papers. In the present case, the first localization detected was a granulomatous hepatitis which lead to the disclosure of an ulcerous entercolitis. Tuberculosis and Crohn disease were first suspected, but their treatment induced a worse turn of the patient's condition and compelled to a laparotomy, which shown ulcerous entercolitis with associated lymph-nodes. Per operative pathological examination gave evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts. Treatment, first with miconazole and later on with amphotericin B could not prevent the death of the patient affected by a deficiency of cell mediated immunity. Disseminated histoplasmosis is rare: 1 out of 5,000 cases of American histoplasmosis-digestive disorders are generally detected by surgery or post-mortem examination. They occur in 20 p. 100 of the cases envolving the whole digestive tract from mouth to anus, giving mucous ulcerations, difficult to detect by X ray. Endoscopic control with biopsies has therefore a great value. In Histoplasma duboisii, histoplasmosis digestive disorders are very unusual and localized to intestine. They may be detected by surgery, or by endoscopies. In the reported case, in spite of the geographical origin of the patient, the diagnosis of American histoplasmosis was not retained because of the negativity of the immunological tests and of the biopsies performed before surgery. An afterward checking of these biopsy specimens gave evidence of a few yeasts. Special dyeing technique may have made the diagnosis somewhat earlier; this is important because new non toxic imidazole drugs seem to be active against these yeasts.
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PMID:[Digestive disorders in histoplasmosis. Report of a case of ulcerous enterocolitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (author's transl)]. 697 77

Serum cryoglobulins were detected in the majority of patients with liver disease, and in all patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their incidence in acute hepatitis was similar to that in chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. All patients had serum cryoglobulins in the range of 5-76 micrograms/ml, except for a subgroup of patients with acute non-B hepatitis, who had much higher levels. The predominant immunoglobulin in the cryoprecipitates was IgMK. The significance of these results is discussed and possible mechanisms for the high prevalence of cryoglobulins in liver and inflammatory bowel diseases are suggested.
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PMID:Cryoglobulins in patients with acute hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease. 715 58

The clinical presentation and outcome of 32 children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are reviewed, the largest North American series. The majority of patients were diagnosed in their second decade (median age: 13 years). Four children presented before the age of 2 years, but none in the neonatal period. Seventeen patients had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), all with colitis, 14 ulcerative colitis, and 3 Crohn's disease. Eight patients presented with chronic liver disease before clinical onset of IBD. Only 8 of 32 patients were jaundiced at presentation. Fifteen of 32 had a normal serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level at presentation. Nine children presented with features similar to those of autoimmune hepatitis. Cholangiography was performed in all cases and classified by a scoring system specifically developed for pediatric patients. Intrahepatic disease predominated; in only three cases a common bile duct stricture was identified requiring stenting. Findings on the initial liver biopsy were classified according to Ludwig's criteria for staging PSC: there were 15 biopsies in stages 1 to 2 and 17 biopsies stages 3 to 4. HLA class I and II antigens were determined in 27 patients. An increased incidence of HLA B8 and DR2(15) but not DRw52a (DRB3*0101) was found. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 10 of 24 patients tested. Survival analysis indicated that a later age at presentation, splenomegaly, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) at presentation were significant contributors to the prediction of poor outcome (i.e., death or listing for transplantation). Liver transplantation was successfully performed in seven children. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion of PSC in any child or young adult presenting with chronic liver disease, especially in the presence of IBD, even with a normal serum alkaline phosphatase level.
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PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis. 759 Jun 57

The finding of epithelioid cell granulomas within liver biopsies is a not uncommon occurrence. We undertook this study to investigate the underlying conditions responsible for a diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis in Northern Ireland during the thirteen year period 1980-1992. One hundred and sixty-three patients with hepatic granulomas were identified, accounting for 4% of all liver biopsies undertaken during the period of the study. In 145 cases (89%) a definite clinical diagnosis was established. The most common clinical diagnoses were primary biliary cirrhosis which accounted for 90 cases (55%) and sarcoidosis which accounted for 30 cases (18%). Other less common conditions associated with hepatic granulomas included tuberculosis (3 cases), Crohn's disease (3 cases), chronic active hepatitis (2 cases), drug hypersensitivity (2 cases) and extra-hepatic biliary obstruction (2 cases). Six patients were identified with a clinical diagnosis of psoriasis. Other miscellaneous conditions accounting for single examples of granulomatous inflammation were schistosomiasis, gout, Hodgkin's disease, secondary adenocarcinoma, collapse and necrosis of tumour following radiotherapy and chemotherapy, granulomatous inflammation within the wall of an abscess cavity and idiopathic cirrhosis. Only eighteen cases (11%) remained idiopathic with no definite diagnosis established after detailed investigation. The findings confirm the wide range of clinical conditions which can result in hepatic epithelioid cell granulomas. This has been emphasised in several previous major studies which are reviewed in this paper.
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PMID:Hepatic granulomas in Northern Ireland: a thirteen year review. 782 89

We routinely measured plasma neurotransmitters and hormone levels in order to investigate the role of stress on many types of diseases. In this study, we present results obtained from patients with severe chronic diseases. The study sample consisted of 88 patients (asthmatics, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic active hepatitis, chronic relapsing hepatitis, multiple sclerosis, trigeminal neuralgia, systemic lupus erithematous, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their respective controls. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Ad), dopamine (DA), platelet-serotonin (pS), free-serotonin (fS), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol (CRT) were determined during both exacerbation and improvement periods. A profile compatible with uncoping stress disorder (raised NA-Ad-DA + fS + CRT as well as low pS and NA/Ad ratio) was found during exacerbation periods when compared with improvement, as seen in controls. However, during improvement periods the neurochemical profile remained significantly different from that of normal controls. The neurochemical plus hormonal plasma profiles registered in chronic illness, both during exacerbation and improvement periods, strongly suggest that an uncoping stress mechanism underlies diseases of these patients.
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PMID:Plasma neurotransmitters and cortisol in chronic illness: role of stress. 799 62


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