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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, tularemic pneumonia, Q fever pneumonia, psittacosis, and Legionnaires' disease are the most frequently encountered treatable atypical pneumonias. Mycoplasmal pneumonia, the most common, is often accompanied by nonexudative pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, or otitis. The nonproductive cough is characteristic. Tularemic pneumonia is characterized by substernal chest pain, bloody pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar adenopathy. Although the clinical presentation is mild, roentgenographic findings are impressive. Q fever pneumonia resembles psittacosis but is less serious; it may be accompanied by subacute bacterial endocarditis, hepatitis, or both. Psittacosis is characterized by prominent headache, bloody sputum, and relative bradycardia. Tetracycline is the drug of choice for either. In Legionnaires' disease, pneumonia is accompanied by prominent extrapulmonary symptoms. The most important diagnostic clues include diarrhea and mental confusion. Relative bradycardia and laboratory abnormalities are also helpful. Erythromycin is the drug of choice unless doubt exists as to the diagnosis.
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PMID:The atypical pneumonias: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach. 47 55

A field study, aimed at measuring the personal cost of illness from five major water-related diseases was undertaken in a rural area of Uttar Pradesh (India) in 1981-82. The diseases included in the study were--enteric fever, acute diarrhoeal diseases, infective hepatitis, conjunctivitis and scabies. The measurement of the cost of illness included information on losses in productivity and treatment costs. The annual costs of illnesses per 100 people in 1981 were Rs 7353 (US $525) for enteric fever, Rs 5333 (US $381) for acute diarrhoeal diseases, Rs 7364 (US $526) for conjunctivitis, Rs 1839 (US $131) for scabies and Rs 211 (US $15) for infective hepatitis. In 1982, costs for above diseases were Rs 8622 (US $616), Rs 5191 (US $371), Rs 3289 (US $235), Rs 7402 (US $529) and Rs 323 (US $23) respectively. The aggregate annual costs of illnesses due to the above five diseases per person ranged between Rs 221 (US $16) and Rs 248 (US $18) in the two years.
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PMID:Measurement of the personal cost of illness due to some major water-related diseases in an Indian rural population. 235 12

Asymmetric affection of the major lower limb joints is a characteristic feature of the joint syndrome in yersiniosis-associated arthritis. The sacroiliac articulations are frequently (47% cases) involved. In addition, yersiniosis-associated arthritis concurs with the signs and symptoms of systemic disease--gastroenterocolitis, myocardiopathy and myocarditis, erythema nodosum, hepatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, myositis and myalgia, enteropathy; changes in the CNS typical for the astheno-neurotic syndrome are frequently present. Comparison of the immunological assay data in complicated and uncomplicated yersiniosis shows equally high levels of IgG and CIC. High anti-DNA antibody titres are more frequently found in the serum of uncomplicated yersiniosis patients. ELISA quantitation of specific IgA, IgM, and IgG class antibodies in yersiniosis-associated arthritis patients demonstrated persistence of all the three antibody classes or of IgA-IgG combination in cases with most severe of the joint syndrome. In the presence of cardiac disease, patients were found to have high titres of antibodies reactive with the cardiac interstitial tissue, while in authentically diagnosed myocarditis cases with the sarcolemma. The investigation findings strongly suggest a high degree of involvement of immune and autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of arthritides secondary to Yersinia infection.
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PMID:[Clinico-immunologic characteristics of complicated and uncomplicated yersiniosis]. 277 63

We reviewed laboratory-acquired infections occurring in Utah from 1978 through 1982. Written and telephone interviews of supervisors of 1,191 laboratorians revealed an estimated annual incidence of 3 laboratory-acquired infections per 1,000 employees. Infections, in order of frequency, included hepatitis B (clinical cases), shigellosis, pharyngitis, cellulitis, tuberculosis (skin test conversion), conjunctivitis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis. One-half of large laboratories (over 25 employees), but only 12% of smaller laboratories, reported infections. The annual incidence, however, at smaller laboratories was more than three times greater than at large laboratories (5.0 versus 1.5 per 1,000; P less than 0.05, chi-square test). Microbiologists were at greatest risk of infection, with an incidence of almost 1%, followed by generalists and phlebotomists. Shigellosis was acquired only by microbiologists and accounted for more than half of their infections. The most common laboratory-acquired infection, hepatitis B, affected a microbiologist, a hematologist, a phlebotomist, a pulmonary blood gas technician, and a blood bank technologist who died from her illness. Clinical cases of hepatitis B occurred at a rate 10 times higher than the rate in the general U.S. population. The incidence of tuberculosis skin test conversion was intermediate between rates reported for hospital employees and for the state of Utah.
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PMID:Infections acquired in clinical laboratories in Utah. 315

Lyme disease typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) (stage 1). Patients with this lesion may also have headache, meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, multiple annular secondary lesions, malar or urticarial rash, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, sore throat, non-productive cough, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or testicular swelling. After a few weeks to months (stage 2), about 15% of patients develop frank neurologic abnormalities, including meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis (including bilateral facial palsy), motor or sensory radiculoneuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, or myelitis. At this time, about 8% of patients develop cardiac involvement--AV block, acute myopericarditis, cardiomegaly, or pancarditis. Throughout this stage, many patients continue to experience migratory musculoskeletal pain in joints, tendons, bursae, muscle, or bone. Months to years after disease onset (stage 3), about 60% of patients develop frank arthritis, which may be intermittent or chronic. Recently evidence suggests that Lyme disease may also be associated with chronic neurologic or skin involvement. Thus, Lyme disease occurs in stages with different clinical manifestations at each stage, but the course of the illness in each patient is highly variable.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. 355 39

Lyme disease, caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. Of 314 patients with this skin lesion, almost half developed multiple annular secondary lesions; some patients had evanescent red blotches or circles, malar or urticarial rash, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or diffuse erythema. Skin manifestations were often accompanied by malaise and fatigue, headache, fever and chills, generalized achiness, and regional lymphadenopathy. In addition, patients sometimes had evidence of meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, sore throat, nonproductive cough, or testicular swelling. These signs and symptoms were typically intermittent and changing during a period of several weeks. The commonest nonspecific laboratory abnormalities were a high sedimentation rate, an elevated serum IgM level, or an increased aspartate transaminase level. Early Lyme disease can be diagnosed by its dermatologic manifestations, rapidly changing system involvement, and if necessary, by serologic testing.
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PMID:The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. 685 26

In a retrospective study clinical and hepatotoxic side effects caused by Tigason treatment are investigated. The material consists of data on 27 patients with normal liver function tests at the beginning of treatment. The clinical side effects encountered were: dryness of lips and mucous membranes (n = 14), diffuse hair loss (n = 5), epistaxis (n = 1) and conjunctivitis (n = 1). Abnormal liver function tests (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were found in 7 patients: 3 developed slight transient elevation of parameter during treatment, 2 transient elevation of more parameters, normalizing despite continued therapy in 1 and in the other normalizing after discontinuation. Finally 2 patients developed persistent elevation of one or more parameters. In the last 2 patients liver biopsy showed changes of toxic hepatitis.
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PMID:Side effects due to RO 10-9359 (Tigason). A retrospective study. 711 42

The clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of Lassa virus infection in the rhesus monkey are described. Of 17 monkeys infected with Lassa virus, nine died or were killed when moribund. The clinical signs were lethargy, aphagia, constipation, fever, conjunctivitis, and skin rash. Pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, pericardial edema, hydropericardium, and a few visceral hemorrhages were present grossly. Major microscopic lesions were necrotizing hepatitis and interstitial pneumonia. Other microscopic changes were present in the heart, small intestine, spleen, lymph nodes, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal glands, and central nervous system; however, most of these lesions were mild. In fact, death could not always be attributed to the morphologic changes; therefore, function alterations must be examined.
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PMID:Pathology of Lassa virus infection in the rhesus monkey. 712 56

We present the case of a worker who was accidentally exposed (inhalational and dermal routes) to the chemicals dimethylacetamide and ethylenediamine for 90 minutes in a confined space. Clinical effects included delirium, hallucinations, skin burns, cellulitis, bilateral conjunctivitis, hepatitis, secondary coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and a grade 2 esophagitis. Urinary monomethylacetamide levels 6 days after the exposure were 61 ppm.
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PMID:Toxicity associated with severe inhalational and dermal exposure to dimethylacetamide and 1,2-ethanediamine. 807 26

Adenoviruses (AdV), causing fatal disseminated infections in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, are associated not only with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) but also with hepatitis, conjunctivitis, and viral interstitial pneumonia. The importance of this virus as a cause of disseminated disease, however, has remained underappreciated. AdV infection has been diagnosed primarily through the use of cell culture. The fact that cell culture is insensitive for detecting this virus has hindered recognition of the role that AdV may play in morbidity and mortality in BMT recipients. To emphasize these points, we describe a patient who presented with HC due to AdV serotype 11, genotype c, and died with disseminated infection. In addition to cell culture, this study used a newly developed PCR-based method, capable of detecting all AdV serotypes tested, including different genotypes of serotype 11. The PCR result was positive in all culture-positive samples, including samples of urine, conjunctiva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Importantly, the PCR method provided evidence of urinary shedding of AdV in a pretransplant, culture-negative specimen and showed dissemination in a subset of culture-negative specimens, including BAL, blood, and bone marrow samples. The lack of widespread awareness of the fact that localized infections may presage dissemination, and the previous associated lack of rapid, sensitive diagnostic assays, has impaired recognition of AdV infections in patients undergoing BMT. Early detection may contribute to therapy modification and avoidance of unwarranted diagnostic procedures. It may also assist in epidemiologic control of this highly infectious pathogen and lead to a renewed interest in preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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PMID:PCR detection of adenovirus in a bone marrow transplant recipient: hemorrhagic cystitis as a presenting manifestation of disseminated disease. 998 32


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