Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence clinical presentation, and impact on outcome of late hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after OLT. We also sought risk factors other than technical problems that predispose to the pathogenesis of late HAT among 178 OLT performed from 1999 to 2002. Late HAT was diagnosed using Doppler ultrasonography and arteriography. Late HAT was observed in nine patients (3.8%), all of whom had experienced chronic HCV infection. Median time to HAT diagnosis was 4.88 months after OLT. Mean follow-up time was 40.25 months. Recipient age ranged from 30 to 61 years and median donor age, 28 years. Mean warm ischemia time was 63 minutes and mean cold ischemia time, 660 minutes. All of our study group were cigarette smokers. Postoperative CMV infection, presenting with hepatitis, had been treated in 55.6%. Before the diagnosis of HAT more than one episode of acute cellular rejection had been observed in six patients (55.6%) and 44.5% had chronic rejection. The diagnosis of CR was established after the diagnosis of HAT in all cases. Recurrence of HCV infection was histologically documented in 44.5%. Only one patient experienced graft loss (77 months after OLT). Six of nine patients had biliary complications, treated either by endoscopic stenting or by surgical drainage. Two patients were asymptomatic. In conclusion, late HAT shows a benign presentation that has no impact on graft survival. Possible risk factors have yet to be defined by multicenter trials.
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PMID:Late hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: clinical setting and risk factors. 1519 36

Disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis is uncommon, particularly among immunocompentent individuals. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman from the Ivory Coast who had osteomyelitis in the right humerus, a cold abscess in the pectoralis major muscle, T11 spondylitis, deep lymphadenopathies, peritoneal nodules, and hepatitis. She had no evidence of immune deficiency, and her only risk factor for tuberculosis was her origin from an endemic area. The outcome was favorable after treatment with antitubercular drugs. This case illustrates the recent changes in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in France, where the incidence among immigrants is rising. It also serves as a reminder that tuberculosis can run a chronic and extremely insidious course. At diagnosis, our patient had a 2-year history of chronic pain in her right shoulder and back, suggestive of a minor mechanical disorder.
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PMID:Disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis revealed by humeral osteomyelitis with chronic unremarkable pain. 1585 Oct

Cold urticaria is defined as a urticarial and/or angioedematous reaction of the skin to contact with cold objects, water or air. Types of urticaria associated with infectious diseases, such as mononucleosis, rubeola, varicella, syphilis, hepatitis, and HIV infection have been reported. We present the case of a patient who developed cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis. The patient was a 34-year-old man who for the previous 2 months had presented cutaneous pruritus accompanied by several papular lesions in parts of the skin exposed to cold as well as those in contact with cold water. The result of an "ice-cube test" was positive. Serologic tests for Toxoplasma gondii showed an IgG level of 68 UI/ml and were positive for IgM, while a test for cryoglobulins was positive. One month later cryoglobulins were negative and a serologic test for T. gondii showed an IgG concentration of 75 UI/ml and positive IgM. Three months later cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG for T. gondii was 84 UI/ml, and IgM was positive. After 6 months cryoglobulins were still negative, IgG level was 68 UI/ml and IgM was still slightly positive. In the final evaluation, 14 months later, IgG level was 32 UI/ml and IgM was negative. The patient continues to present clinical manifestations of cold urticaria, although he has experienced some improvement and his tolerance to cold has increased after treatment with cetirizine.
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PMID:Cold urticaria associated with acute serologic toxoplasmosis. 1594 32

We report our experience of pediatric liver transplantation with partial grafts from non-heart beating donors (NHBD). Controlled donors less than 40 years of age with a warm ischemia time (WI) of less than 30 min were considered for pediatric recipients. Death was declared 5 min after asystole. A super-rapid recovery technique with aortic and portal perfusion was utilized. Mean donor age was 29 years and WI 14.6 min (range 11-18). Seven children, mean age 4.9 years (0.7-11), median weight 20 kg (8.4-53) received NHBD segmental liver grafts. Diagnoses included seronegative hepatitis, neonatal sclerosing cholangitis, familial intrahepatic cholestasis, hepatoblastoma, primary hyperoxaluria and factor VII deficiency (n=2). The grafts included four reduced and one split left lateral segments, one left lobe and one right auxiliary graft. Mean cold ischemia was 7.3 h (6.2-8.8). Complications included one pleural effusion and one biliary collection drained percutaneously. At 20 months (10-36) follow-up all children are alive and well with functioning grafts. Donation after cardiac death is a significant source of liver grafts for adults and children with careful donor selection and short cold ischemic times.
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PMID:Segmental liver transplantation from non-heart beating donors--an early experience with implications for the future. 1661 38

Retransplantation (re-TX) is the only available therapy for irreversible liver graft dysfunction. The outcome of a second procedure depends upon several factors, some of which are not defined at the time of the decision to retransplant. This study is an analysis of all re-TX of the liver performed at our unit between January 1995 and January 2004. Among the 474 liver TX were 55 (11.6%) re-TX in 47 patients. We studied (1) diagnosis at first TX; (2) indication for re-TX and time lapse; (3) donor age and cold ischemia time (CIT); (4) duration of operation, peroperative bleeding, and complications; (5) ICU and ward periods; and (6) patient and graft survivals. Patients who underwent re-TX did not differ from those transplanted once with regard to age, gender, or diagnosis. The indications for re-TX were roughly one-third biliary tract complications/chronic rejection, one-third hepatic artery thrombosis, and one-third others, including primary nonfunction, acute rejection, portal vein thrombosis, sepsis, and B/C hepatitis. The re-TX were "urgent" in 29 and "elective" in 26 cases. Complications were common; about half of the patients were reoperated due to bleeding or biliary problems. To date (May 2004), 15 patients have died (12 "urgent" and 3 "elective"), of whom 5 had well functioning grafts. In summary, liver re-TX is a complicated procedure associated with significant mortality and morbidity, but considering that the actual patient group has a poor prognosis without re-TX, the results are nevertheless encouraging.
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PMID:Retransplantation of the liver. 1679 26

The principal cause of human liver cancer is infection with hepatitis viruses B and C, but tumor progression is fueled by ensuing perturbations that confer gain of function on proto-oncogenes or loss of function on tumor suppressor genes. Frequent among these perturbations is overexpression of the proto-oncogene MET. We have modeled the pathogenesis of liver tumors by expressing conditional transgenes of MET in the hepatocytes of inbred mice. The response to the MET transgene varied with both the magnitude and timing of its expression but included hyperplasia of hepatic progenitor cells, as well as benign and malignant tumors that display both phenotypic and genotypic resemblances to human counterparts. The results reveal MET to be a crucial switch in the development of the liver; dramatize how different cellular compartments within a developmental lineage can give rise to distinctive tumor stem cells; delineate rules of tumor progression; provide evidence that the experimental tumors in mice are authentic models for human tumors; and support a role for MET in the genesis of human liver tumors. The models should be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and in the preclinical testing of new therapeutics.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2005
PMID:Genomic progression in mouse models for liver tumors. 1686 57

The factors that influence the long-term histological outcome of transplanted liver allografts in children are not yet fully understood, and the role of surveillance biopsies in patients with normal graft function remains controversial. The aims of this study were to describe the long-term graft histology of pediatric liver transplant recipients surviving at least 3 years and to analyze factors correlating with long-term histological outcome. Histological slides of 63 long-term liver transplant recipients were assessed for inflammation and fibrosis. The histological findings were correlated with clinical, biochemical, serological, and radiological findings. A significant proportion of biopsies from these patients showed some type of histological abnormalities, with fibrosis being observed in 61 (97%) patients. Duration of transplantation of >6 years and > or =grade 2 inflammation were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis. We could not identify any correlation between > or =stage 3 fibrosis and donor age, cold and warm ischemia time, history of de novo autoimmune hepatitis, hepatic artery thrombosis, chronic rejection, or alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase values. In conclusion, liver fibrosis appears to be a common finding in long-term pediatric liver transplant survivors. The cause of this fibrosis is uncertain, and normal alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels do not exclude the presence of significant fibrosis.
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PMID:Graft histology characteristics in long-term survivors of pediatric liver transplantation. 1897 86

A rare case of acute hepatitis A associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is reported. A 55-year-old woman consulted a doctor because of common cold-like symptoms and she was referred to our hospital in January 2007. Laboratory findings showed a marked elevation of serum transaminase and total bilirubin levels (AST 9,605 IU/l, ALT 5,546 IU/l and T-bil 4.14 mg/dl), and prolonged prothrombin time, findings which suggested the risk of progression to fulminant hepatitis, and she was treated with plasmapheresis and hemodialysis filtration on the first and second hospital days. She was diagnosed with severe acute hepatitis A based on the elevation of serum IgM anti-hepatitis A virus. On the 20th hospital day, her hemoglobin level began to decrease in spite of improving transaminase levels without any signs of gastrointestinal bleeding. Bilirubin and LDH elevation, haptoglobin decline and a positive direct Coombs test were detected and these findings indicated AIHA complication; however, the reticulocyte count decreased and bone marrow showed marked erythroid hypoplasia so the co-existence of PRCA was diagnosed. After oral prednisolone administration (1 mg/kg/day), her hemolytic anemia rapidly improved.
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PMID:Pure red cell aplasia accompanied by autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with type A viral hepatitis. 1948 4

Toxic effects are sometimes seen after the administration of quite small amounts of barbiturates. Factors concerned in their production are discussed under the following heads:-(1) Barbiturates can produce liver damage, even hepatitis.(2) Barbiturates may become toxic in the presence of liver damage, as shown by:-(a) Clinical and post-mortem experience.(b) Experimental evidence-the work of Pratt and Koppanyi in America and our own experiments showing that certain barbiturates may exert toxic effects not only when there is severe liver damage but also in the early stages of liver injury.(3) Other factors also seem to be concerned:-(a) Cold.(b) Haemorrhage.(c) Fasting.(d) Sepsis.(e) Tight bandage around upper abdomen.(f) Castration.The experimental evidence for this statement is given.
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PMID:Some Recent Work on Barbiturates: (Section of Anaesthetics). 1999 92

The hepatoprotective activities and the mechanisms of actions of Musanga cecropioides stem bark aqueous extract (MCW) were investigated on acute hepatocellular injuries induced by intraperitoneal (IP) carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) (20% CCl(4)/olive oil, 1.5 mL/kg) and 800 mg/kg/IP of acetaminophen (APAP) in normal saline, in male Wistar rats. Among the Yorubas (South-West Nigeria), cold decoction of MCW is used as a natural antidote for oral gastric poisonings, infective hepatitis and other liver diseases. Its hepatoprotective activities were monitored by assaying for the serum aminotransferases, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and the toxicant-induced histopathological lesions in rat livers 24 hours post-induction. These enzymes are markers of acute hepatic injuries and their elevations are indications of acute liver injuries. Pretreatment of rats with graded doses (125 - 500 mg/kg) of MCW significantly attenuated the acute elevation of the liver enzymes and the hepatotoxin-induced histopathological lesions in the rat livers. The presence of two active natural antioxidants (flavonoids and alkaloids) in high concentrations in MCW may account for the hepatoprotective activities observed in this study. These results, thus, support the folkloric use of MCW for treatment of hepatic injuries resulting from acute gastric poisonings, infective hepatitis or other liver diseases.
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PMID:Protective activity of the stem bark aqueous extract of Musanga cecropioides in carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. 2020 4


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