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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viral hepatitis has been known to occur among the Greenland population endemically as well as in smaller and larger epidemics. A large epidemic of acute hepatitis comprising around 9% of the entire population, viz. more than 4000 notified cases, swept through Greenland between October 1970 and December 1972. 996 verified cases were seen in the Godthaab district and subjected to more detailed studies. Most of the Godthaab cases were seen among children and adolescents, and no disease was observed in children less than one year of age. Out of 996 diagnosed cases 9 showed acute hepatic failure with coma. Two further cases of hepatic coma were referred for treatment from outside the district. Three of these 11 patients recovered spontaneously. Of the residual 8 cases 6 were treated with exchange transfusions and steroids. Four of these survived and recovered completely. No lasting sequelae had been registered in any of the surviving cases of the epidemic up to June 1975 (2 1/2 years after cessation of the epidemic). Prophylaxis with gamma-globulin was undertaken in a medium-sized settlement in which practically the entire population received gamma-globulin when the first case of hepatitis was diagnosed. In this settlement only 7 out of 297 inhabitants contracted hepatitis. By contrast, in a similar settlement where no gamma-globulin was given, more than 30% of the population developed icteric hepatitis. The clinical features and the prophylactic effect of gamma-globulin seem to indicate that the epidemic was caused by the hepatitis A virus. In accordance with this, transitory Australia-antigenaemia was demonstrated in the acute phase in only 2.6% of the cases, possibly inidicating a small admixture of acute hepatitis type B to the epidemic predominantly caused by hepatitis A virus.
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PMID:The 1971-72 epidemic of acute viral hepatitis in Godthaab, Greenland. 5 37

An outbreak of hepatitis especially virulent in pregnant women in Tripoli, Libya in 1975 is described. The case-fatality rate was 12.97% in 293 pregnant women, 1.6% in 252 nonpregnant women, and 0.53% in 377 men. Deaths in pregnant women usually occurred in 3rd trimester, often at the onset of labor. There was no evidence that pregnant women with jaundice were admitted in preference to non-pregnant women, or that age or parity was related to infection. Hepatitis B antigen was tested by counter immunoelectrophoresis and later by reverse passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. The overall prevalence was 16.6%. In pregnant women it was 11.1%. None of the pregnant women who died were positive for HBsAg. Coma and an abrupt deterioration were often seen in the pregnant women who dies. The women ate a diet devoid in protein from meat, eggs or fish. The epidemic died down in the second half of the year. It was conjectured that virulent a non-A-non-B hepatitis virus caused this outbreak.
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PMID:Pregnancy hepatitis in Libya. 6 99

Alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 40 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 5 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, 15 cases of chronic aggressive hepatitis and 5 cases of hepatic coma from fulminant viral hepatitis. Serum concentrations were increased in 55% of patients with acute viral hepatitis and in about 33% of patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis. Levels resulted markedly raised among the patients with coma from fulminant viral hepatitis who survived. The high aplha-fetoprotein values may reflect liver cell regeneration after necrosis of a critical mass of hepatic tissue.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein in viral hepatitis and its complications. 6 58

Serum concentrations of alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) were measured sequentially by radioimmunoassay in 32 patients with fulminant hepatitis and coma, 22 of whom died. Levels were significantly elevated in 100% of patients who survived and in 7 out of 22 patients (38.5%) who died (P = less than 0.005). In the survivors the rise of AFP levels was found early after the development of coma and subsequently in all serum samples obtained during acute phase of illness. In 2 of 7 fatal cases who had raised AFP levels and the more protracted illness, AFP levels fall after 6 days. The high levels of serum AFP observed in severe forms of hepatitis may represent active hepatocyte regeneration after extensive hepatic necrosis. Although the correlation between survival and serum concentration of AFP is not absolute, our finding indicate that the rise in serum of this protein in patients with massive hepatic necrosis may be considered a favorable prognostic sign.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of alpha-foetoprotein in fulminant hepatitis (author's transl)]. 9 46

The case reported here is that of a girl with presumably viral non A, non B, acute hepatitis with a very unusual course. Fulminant hepatitis with submassive and bridging hepatic necrosis and a 17-day coma began during the 7th week of evolution. Prolonged chronic active hepatitis followed. Treatment was initiated 6 months after the beginning of the affection and was maintained for more than 2 years, with an apparent cure persisting after follow-up period of 6 months; fibrous scars were the only abnormalities demonstrable on histologic examination of liver biopsy. It is possible that such type of fulminant hepatitis with unusual course will become more frequent, as survival of the initial acute episode increase.
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PMID:[Chronic active hepatitis with a favorable course, after fulminant hepatitis]. 12 40

In the present study, the plasma levels of lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol were followed serially in a group of 57 patients with acute viral hepatitis. Mean plasma triglyceride levels were found elevated at the onset of the disease and gradually returned to normal, while mean plasma cholesterol values, low initially, gradually increased, alpha-lipoprotein was absent at the early stage of hepatitis in 41 out of 46 patients with mild or moderate course and reappeared gradually during the course of the disease. In 11 cases of viral hepatitis with impending or overt coma, alpha-lipoprotein was absent for the whole duration of the acute stage and never reappeared in those who eventually died, while it eventually returned to normal in those who survived. The reappearance of alpha-lipoprotein in acute viral hepatitis appears to be a sensitive index of improvement and a significant prognostic sign.
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PMID:Plasma alpha-lipoprotein pattern in acute viral hepatitis. 16 67

Serological markers for hepatitis virus B (HBV) infection and the occurrence of hepatopathies were analyzed in 152 patients during the hemodialysis period and on average 3.8 years after receiving a renal allotransplant. At the beginning of hemodialysis, 25% of the patients showed signs of an ongoing or past infection with HBV (10% hepatitis virus B surface-antigen [HBsAG] positive and 15% anti-HBsAG positive). At the time of transplantation, 20% of the patients were positive for HBsAG and 25% had detectable anti-HBs. At the end of the study, 31% of the patients were positive for HBsAG and 25% had detectable anti-HBs. In 21 patients (14%) inflammatory liver disorders were observed: transitory hepatitis (7 patients), chronic persistent hepatitis (7 patients), chronic aggressive hepatitis (3 patients) and active cirrhosis (2 patients). Two patients had died in liver coma. All 21 patients with inflammatory hepatopathy had detectable HBsAG at the time of diagnosis, and all patients with chronic inflammatory liver disease were HBs carriers. In most of these patients the carrier state had been present for more than 3 years before diagnosis.
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PMID:[Hepatitis virus B infection and hepatopathy after kidney transplantation]. 39 Jun 93

Encephalopathic patients with cirrhosis of the liver consistently showed elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and free tryptophan as well as methionine in serum, whereas levels of the branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine, were depressed. Comatose patients with fulminant hepatitis had markedly elevated levels of all amino acids, the results being greatly different from those of cirrhotic patients. Molar ratios of (valine + leucine + isoleucine)/(phenylalanine + tyrosine) decreased both in cirrhotics with and without encephalopathy and in cases with fulminant hepatitis. Infusion of a commercially available L-amino acid solution in a cirrhotic patient induced a strikingly abnormal aminogram documented in hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on the deranged amino acid pattern were primarily studied for the purpose of improvement in hepatic encephalopathy by normalization of serum amino acid patterns. Elevated levels of the aromatic amino acids and methionine could be apparently depressed in a cirrhotic patient by this type of infusion but not in a case of fulminant hepatitis probably because of the poor utilization of these amino acids in severely impaired liver.
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PMID:Serum amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy--effects of branched chain amino acid infusion on serum aminogram. 52 13

The clinical course and prognosis of hepatic coma were examined in 102 patients treated in the period from 1958 to 1975. The diagnoses included 9 fulminant hepatitis, 7 subacute hepatitis, 53 liver cirrhosis without liver carcinoma (40 cases of the acute type, 10 cases of the chronic type and 3 cases of another type, according to Sherlock's classification of hepatic coma) and 33 liver cirrhosis with primary liver carcinoma. Four of 9 fulminant hepatitis patients gained consciousness within 1 week and recovered completely. Seven subacute hepatitis patients died within 2 weeks after onset of hepatic coma. In the period from 1958 to 1969, 20% of liver cirrhosis patients with the acute type of coma recovered from coma, and in the period from 1970 to 1975, 45% of patients recovered. Seven of 10 patients with the chronic type of coma died between 4 months and 9 years after the onset of coma. Three other patients are presently still alive. The median survival time was 2.5 years. Nine primary liver carcinoma patients with coma were hospitalized from 1958 to 1969 and 24 from 1970 to 1975. Hepatorenal syndrome was present in 31 of 71 examined patients. Twenty-three patients with hepatorenal syndrome were in the period from 1970 to 1975.
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PMID:Clinical course and prognosis of one hundred and two patients with hepatic coma 1958 through 1975. 59 69

Aliphatic mercaptans (aethanthiol, methanthiol, dimethylsulphide) can be measured in serum with a simple and rapid gaschromatographic method. The test takes 30 minutes. Aethantiol was found to be increased ten-fold (P less than 0.0001) in patients with acute hepatic failure (endogenous coma), while in exogenous hepatic coma it was always normal or decreased. Mild increase in aethanthiol concentration (two or threefold) was also found in chronic aggressive hepatitis, cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice. Methanthiol concentration was elevated in patients with endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Values for methanthiol are, however, of only limited use, because methionine is converted in small amounts to methanthiol during the test procedures. Dimethylsulphide is found in only very severe cases of endogenous or exogenous hepatic coma and can be considered to be a prognostically unfavourable sign. Determination of mercaptans makes it possible to differentiate exactly between endogenous and exogenous hepatic coma. Its value also lies in the recognition of the severity of endogenous intoxication and it is suitable for serial and control determination of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of determining serum-mercaptans in liver disease (author's transl)]. 71 Feb 90


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