Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/Delta were studied at necropsy. Four groups of monkeys were inoculated with SIV/Delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with SIV/Delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. Three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. One rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenuated but was restored to virulence by single animal passage. Clinically, infected monkeys had lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, diarrhea, and a rash. Most monkeys died of enteric disease. The following lesions were seen: weight loss, thymic atrophy, lymphoid atrophy, bone marrow hyperplasia, encephalitis, colitis, amyloidosis, hepatitis, glomerulosclerosis, and the presence of syncytial cells. One Rh Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoma occurred. Opportunistic agents were identified: cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Cryptosporidia, and Pneumocystis. Shigella and Campylobacter often caused colitis.
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PMID:Necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/delta. 285 Jun 50

A child with ulcerative colitis is described in whom many unusual complications of the disease occurred. Arthritis was present and preceded the onset of the colitis. The patient also developed vasculitis, hepatitis, pleuritis, pericarditis, cryoglobulinemia, and disseminated intra-vascular coagulopathy. A review of the literature on ulcerative colitis revealed the relative infrequent occurrence of many of these manifestations in the pediatric age group.
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PMID:Ulcerative colitis with arthritis and vasculitis. 406 91

The autopsies of seven patients with disseminated varicella were reviewed. Six patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the seventh had Hodgkin's disease. All the patients were on chemotherapy at the time of commencement of their varicella rash, and at autopsy only the patient with Hodgkin's disease had residual tumor. The typical anatomic lesion of varicella was one of focal necrosis (often hemorrhagic) with eosinophilic intranuclear (Cowdry type-A) inclusions. In fatal disseminated varicella the complications most commonly encountered at autopsy were interstitial pneumonitis, hepatitis, necrotizing splenitis and lymphadenitis, esophagitis, enteritis, colitis, and pancreatitis. The most significant of these complications appears to be the interstitial pneumonitis, as the major cause of death is respiratory failure.
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PMID:Disseminated varicella at autopsy in children with cancer. 632 Oct 8

A patient with proven campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni acute colitis developed hepatocellular dysfunction, which paralleled the course of the colitis. Liver biopsy showed nonspecific reactive hepatitis. Other causes of acute hepatocellular damage were excluded. The patient made a complete recovery.
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PMID:Acute hepatitis associated with campylobacter colitis. 686 82

Activity of NADH-, succinate- and cytochrome c oxidase systems of respiratory chain from rat liver mitochondrial membranes was studied in animals with various type of liver impairment under conditions of chronic allergic ulcerous colitis. Activity of the polyenzymatic systems did not exhibit marked differences as compared with the controls in fatty and chronic dystrophy but the activity was considerably increased if chronic dystrophy progressed and hepatitis developed. In chronic allergic ulcerous colitis resistance of the polyenzymatic oxidase systems to heat treatment was decreased in liver mitochondrial membranes. Under conditions of the pathology proteins and phospholipids from mitochondrial membranes were especially sensitive to the effect of trypsin and phospholipase; the rate of reactions correlated well with the severity of the liver impairment. Development of latent impairments in liver mitochondrial membranes was shown to depend on the severity of the pathological process.
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PMID:[Activity and stability of liver mitochondrial membrane polyenzyme systems in chronic allergic ulcerative colitis]. 731 85

Infection by bacteria, parasites or viruses and tissue inflammation such as gastritis, hepatitis and colitis are recognized risk factors for human cancers at various sites. Nitric oxide (NO) and other oxygen radicals produced in infected and inflamed tissues could contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by different mechanisms, which are discussed on the basis of authors' studies on liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma development. A similar mechanism could apply to other suspected and known cancer-causing agents including Helicobacter pylori infection (stomach cancer) or asbestos exposure (lung mesothelioma). Studies on the type of tissue and DNA damage produced by NO and by other reactive oxygen species are shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammatory processes may initiate or enhance carcinogenesis in humans.
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PMID:Chronic infections and inflammatory processes as cancer risk factors: possible role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis. 751 36

The clinical presentation and outcome of 32 children with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are reviewed, the largest North American series. The majority of patients were diagnosed in their second decade (median age: 13 years). Four children presented before the age of 2 years, but none in the neonatal period. Seventeen patients had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), all with colitis, 14 ulcerative colitis, and 3 Crohn's disease. Eight patients presented with chronic liver disease before clinical onset of IBD. Only 8 of 32 patients were jaundiced at presentation. Fifteen of 32 had a normal serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level at presentation. Nine children presented with features similar to those of autoimmune hepatitis. Cholangiography was performed in all cases and classified by a scoring system specifically developed for pediatric patients. Intrahepatic disease predominated; in only three cases a common bile duct stricture was identified requiring stenting. Findings on the initial liver biopsy were classified according to Ludwig's criteria for staging PSC: there were 15 biopsies in stages 1 to 2 and 17 biopsies stages 3 to 4. HLA class I and II antigens were determined in 27 patients. An increased incidence of HLA B8 and DR2(15) but not DRw52a (DRB3*0101) was found. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 10 of 24 patients tested. Survival analysis indicated that a later age at presentation, splenomegaly, and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) at presentation were significant contributors to the prediction of poor outcome (i.e., death or listing for transplantation). Liver transplantation was successfully performed in seven children. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion of PSC in any child or young adult presenting with chronic liver disease, especially in the presence of IBD, even with a normal serum alkaline phosphatase level.
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PMID:Primary sclerosing cholangitis in 32 children: clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features, with survival analysis. 759 Jun 57

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can establish lifelong persistence after primary infection with reactivation occurring as a result of immunosuppression. There is much evidence that molecular interactions between the immune system and the HCMV are responsible for immune escape. HCMV in many cells especially in mononuclear blood cells during latency are frequently the source of transmission and spreading and results in a variety of disorders. In this review some data about acute infection in immunocompetent host (mononucleosis, hepatitis), about intrauterine HCMV infection, about infection and endogenous reinfection in bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients (pneumonitis) and about HCMV disease in AIDS patients (encephalitis, neuropathy, retinitis, colitis) are investigated. Moreover, HCMV associated vasculitis is described in patients with myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis or polyradiculopathy. HCMV could play an important role in atherosclerosis. Several types of human malignancy have been linked to HCMV and it has been shown that HCMV ie genes upregulate expression of cellular oncogenes. The diagnosis of HCMV infection is carried out by viremia in cell culture using immediate early antigen staining, by antigenaemia which appears to be an early quantitative and predictive tool, by HCMV DNA detection using hybridization and PCR, and by IgM and IgG antibody evaluation. Two antiviral drugs are used for treatment: ganciclovir and phosphonoformic acid; few resistant clinical isolates have been reported. Specific gammaglobulin activity is discussed. HCMV vaccine is not available.
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PMID:[Current status of human cytomegalovirus disease]. 759 23

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most frequent systemic viral opportunistic infection in AIDS, occurring in almost 40% of patients, at a stage of profound immunodeficiency, with a CD4 cell count lower than 50/microL. The most frequent localizations are retinal and gastrointestinal. Diagnosis of retinis, which can be totally asymptomatic, is based on fundus examination, which should be performed regularly in patients with AIDS and/or low CD4 count. Diagnosis of colitis, as of other rare manifestation (oesophagitis, hepatitis, encephalitis, myeloradiculitis, pneumopathy), relies on the association of suggestive clinical symptoms and CMV inclusions in biopsy specimens and/or CMV positive culture. The 2 drugs available for treatment of CMV disease, ganciclovir and foscarnet, are administered by intravenous route, with 2 infusions per day for induction therapy (usually 2 to 3 weeks), then once a day as lifelong maintenance therapy, to lessen or delay recurrences. Active drugs which could be given orally, combination of 2 drugs, new potent drugs and the development of prophylaxis in at-risk patients should help to improve the prognosis of CMV infection in AIDS.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus infections in AIDS]. 775 12

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. It may present with a mild, self-limited syndrome, retinitis, colitis, or invasive disease with pneumonitis, hepatitis, and bone marrow suppression. We review another, less common manifestation of CMV disease: CMV-associated vasculitis. CMV may productively infect vascular endothelial cells (25), causing a local vasculitis (3, 14, 19) and ischemia. Alternatively, the host immune response to cells expressing viral antigen may be the stimulus for vasculitis (12, 53). Since there are no pathognomonic appearances to mucosal or cutaneous lesions, biopsy of accessible sites is critical for diagnosis and expeditious initiation of appropriate antiviral therapy. The CMV-associated vasculitides represent a broad spectrum of diseases, with GI vasculitis in nontransplant recipients having the best prognosis. Cutaneous vasculitis associated with CMV seems to be a more fulminant disease, with the majority of cases having a fatal outcome. These differences likely reflect the degree of viral burden and the state of immune competence. Additionally, since the virus itself is immunosuppressive, host defenses may be further compromised by the infection. Although a large collective experience assessing the impact of ganciclovir and foscarnet is not currently available, both the prompt initiation of antiviral treatment and a concurrent reduction in any immunosuppressive regimen, including steroids, should be undertaken since these therapeutic strategies have clearly improved outcome for other CMV syndromes (22, 34, 55). As the number of recipients rises and the HIV pandemic spreads we are likely to see an increase in the number of cases of vasculitis associated with CMV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus vasculitis. Case reports and review of the literature. 793 9


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