Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 15-year old Black teenager came to a clinic at the University of Alabama's School of Medicine in Tuscaloosa requesting oral contraceptives (OCs). The physical examination indicated that she was in good health and the physician prescribed an OC (1 mg norethindrone and .035 mg ethinyl estradiol). 21 months later she returned complaining of yellow eyes for 3 weeks. The oral mucosa was also jaundiced. She had considerably high levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. She had no hepatitis virus antibodies. 5 months later she returned for the physical examination required to renew the OC prescription. She did not have jaundice at this time. 10 months later she complained of malaise and muscular pain. Her alkaline phosphatase level was high, but her bilirubin level was normal. She had mild hepatosplenomegaly without focal defects. After reviewing her medical records, the physician diagnosed intrahepatic cholestasis and discontinued her OC prescription. Liver function tests were normal within 3 months. 14 months later, she returned complaining of malaise and reported taking OCs obtained at another clinic 3 months earlier. The physician advised her about the complications of OCs and about other contraceptive methods. The same physician also examined a 32-year-old Black woman who had intermittent epigastric and right-upper quadrant abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Eating worsened the pain, which lasted for up to 15 minutes. She had used an OC for 12 years. Ultrasound revealed a 4.2 cm hypoechoic mass in the left upper lobe of the liver. The physician discontinued the OCs. The tumor regressed over 12 months. Active liver disease is a contraindication to OC use. Women who had cholestatic jaundice while pregnant or have first degree relatives with cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy should not use OCs. Physicians may introduce OCs to closely monitored women with a history of liver disease whose liver function tests are normal. Women with a family history of biliary excretion defects should not use OCs.
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PMID:Hepatobiliary complications of oral contraceptives. 133 97

Sporadic non A, non B hepatitis non related to blood transfusions or parenteral exposure is present in India and various countries of southeast Asia and Africa. We present the experience in a northeastern region of Argentina from January 1987 to September 1990. During this period twenty one patients where identified with acute hepatitis without serologic evidence of infection with HAV, HBV, HCV, toxoplasmosis, infectious mononucleosis nor clinical evidence of Herpes virus infection. Clinic and biochemical parameters were analyzed and showed a considerable elevation of transaminases and cholestasis. Of the 21 patients diagnosed as having acute non A non B hepatitis of probable enteric transmission (NANBE), 10 where male and 11 female. Mean age was 24.7 years. In all cases the disease was self limited and follow up during more than one year after the acute episode did not demonstrate signs of reactivation nor evidence of chronicity.
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PMID:[Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Argentina. The responsibility of the hepatitis E virus?]. 134 Aug 27

Ursodeoxycholic-acid (UDCA) was introduced to the clinical practice as an effective agent for the dissolution of gallstones. The efficacy of UDCA was proved recently in the treatment of patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. We demonstrate the hepatoprotective effect of UDCA in a patient with chronic cholestatic liver disease. A sixty-nine years old male patient was admitted to our department with severe jaundice. The laboratory and radiologic examinations revealed significant cholestasis without any morphological alterations. Among the serological tests the anti-HCV antibody was positive. Based on these findings and anamnestic data (no blood transfusion and/or operation), sporadic chronic C virus hepatitis was assumed with dominant cholestasis. The corticosteroid therapy even in high doses was ineffective, the liver function parameters worsened. Later UDCA (Ursofalk, Falk Pharma) was given at a dose of 250 mg three times daily. Clinical improvement was seen after the first week of UDCA treatment. The patient's complaints relieved parallel with decrease of serum bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and transaminase levels. These parameters showed further decrease during the treatment.
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PMID:Clinical evidence of hepatoprotection induced by ursodeoxycholic acid. 134 3

The examination of 5-cholestasis indicating enzymes was carried out in patients with viral B hepatitis. The changes in activity of such enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, its liver isoenzyme, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, 5'nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase and alanine aminopeptidase were estimated as for being useful in discovering the states of cholestasis. Already in the first week of observation all examined enzymes showed the highest level of activity, only in the case of FZ and FW, however the difference between the patients with and without cholestasis were markedly static. In the following weeks the differences in average activities between group with and without cholestasis were present in the case of 5'N and LAP. The activity of GGTP and AAP were high in both groups of patients. And so alkaline phosphatase is the enzyme which discovers the states of cholestasis in viral B hepatitis quickly and markedly.
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PMID:[The activity of cholestatic enzymes in viral hepatitis B]. 136 29

We present pathologic findings for 52 livers (51 autopsy specimens and one wedge biopsy specimen) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hepatic congestion was the most common disease (40 livers), followed by fatty liver (38), arteritis (11), cholestasis (nine), peliosis hepatis (six), chronic persistent hepatitis (six), nonspecific reactive hepatitis (five), cholangiolitis (four), nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (three), and hemangioma (three). The data obtained here suggest that arteritis of the SLE liver is more common than has been recognized previously. One patient had hepatic infarction complications induced by arteritis. On the basis of the findings in the present study and a review of the literature, we suggest that hepatic infarction resulting from arteritis is rare in SLE. On the other hand, while occurrence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in SLE patients has been considered to be rare, our findings suggest that it may be more common than has been recognized previously. Although congestion and cholestasis may be acute terminal illnesses, fatty change is considered to be specific to the SLE liver. Statistical analysis indicates that exposure to a large dosage of glucocorticoids is a significant factor in the etiology of severe fatty liver. In addition, our review of Japanese autopsy registry data for 1,468 patients with SLE indicates that the incidence of chronic liver diseases in SLE autopsy cases is as follows: chronic hepatitis, 2.4%; cirrhosis, 1.1%; and liver fibrosis, 0.8%.
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PMID:The liver in systemic lupus erythematosus: pathologic analysis of 52 cases and review of Japanese Autopsy Registry Data. 139 43

The management of infants with cholestasis remains a difficult challenge. On the hypothesis that taurine is effective in treating neonatal cholestasis, taurine (1 g/day, per os) was administered to 2 patients with neonatal hepatitis and the bile acids were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The serum levels of bilirubin and bile acids were significantly decreased by taurine. Before the treatment, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were predominant (79.2% in both patients) in the urine. There was a significant elevation of 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids (1 beta BA), especially 1 beta, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid (CA-1 beta-ol), in urine collected during the taurine therapy, and 1 beta BA became predominant (57.7-78.3%). Therefore, increased amounts of urine 1 beta BA were excreted during taurine administration. Taurine therapy is recommended, because it might be effective for treating neonatal cholestasis.
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PMID:Large amounts of 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids in urine during taurine therapy. 140 30

Liver tissue specimens taken at colectomy from 29 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis were studied by electron microscope. The fine-structural alterations were correlated with light microscopy and with biochemical liver function tests. The purpose was to identify ultrastructural features which could explain the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis. Severely injured bile-duct epithelial cells were seen in three out of the eight light-microscopically diagnosed cholangitis cases, in the two cases of non-specific reactive hepatitis, and in the two fatty livers. Four cholangitis cases had, in heavily thickened bile-duct basement membranes, translucent areas containing bile-like material. Bile-duct microvilli were often blunted, and reduced in number. Intracanalicular bile thrombi and bile inclusions in hepatocytes were seldom seen, mostly but not exclusively in cholangitis. The fine-structural alterations apparently represent various stages of liver injury. These findings do not appear to be specific, but their prominence seems to correlate with the progression of the disease, at least in the case of histological parameters, but also in serum enzyme activities indicative of cholestasis. The bile-like electron-dense material found in proliferating basement membranes, very possibly regurgitated into the injured bile-duct wall after epithelial injury, could enhance the development of periductal fibrosis, leading to progression of sclerosing cholangitis.
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PMID:Ultrastructural aspects of liver injury with special reference to small bile ducts in patients with ulcerative colitis. 140 77

Liver biopsy in the diagnosis of the results of a retrospective analysis of percutaneous liver biopsy in the differential diagnosis of prolonged cholestasis in infancy are reported. We compare the clinical features, serum bilirubin levels, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and histology in two groups of patients. One group of 56 patients had extrahepatic biliary obstruction (biliary atresia: 42; choledochal cyst: 9; extrinsic obstruction: 4; Caroli's disease: 1). Another group of 54 children had intrahepatic cholestasis with patent biliary tract (hepatitis: 38; non-specific cholestasis: 14; cirrhosis: 2). The percutaneous liver biopsy was better than the other procedures to differentiate biliary atresia from hepatitis. We conclude that percutaneous liver biopsy should be carried out in children with prolonged cholestasis when other non-invasive procedures have not ruled out extrahepatic biliary obstruction and before any surgical exploration of the biliary tract is performed.
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PMID:[Role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis of prolonged cholestasis in infants]. 143 8

To assess the diagnostic value of radioimmunoassay determination of serum levels of glycocholic acid in alcohol-induced chronic diffuse hepatic lesions, this technique was compared by sensitivity and informative content with conventional hepatic tests. Hepatocytic function was measured in combined examination of 83 patients and 30 controls. It is shown that serum glycocholic acid concentration permits detection of early alcohol defects of the liver, excretory dysfunction in particular, control of cholestatic changes, of transformation of hepatic steatosis into hepatitis or cirrhosis, evaluation of cholestasis. The above radioimmunoassay is a useful prognostic tool in decompensated alcohol cirrhosis of the liver.
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PMID:[Clinical value of determining serum levels of glycocholic acid in alcoholic lesions of the liver]. 146 Aug 24

Viral A hepatitis is a self-limited infection occurring predominantly among children usually as an anicteric often subclinical illness. Adults afflicted with this virus are more likely to develop icteric hepatitis. This is exemplified in developed countries when a common source outbreak occurs among non-immune adults. Fulminant hepatitis is uncommon in the USA and hepatitis A has never been documented to evolve into chronic hepatitis. However, prolonged cholestasis and relapsing hepatitis are well described. The usual features of cholestatic viral hepatitis A are pruritus, fever, diarrhoea, and weight loss. Serum bilirubin levels are > 10 mg/dl and the clinical course lasts at least 12 weeks. Cholestasis will spontaneously resolve, although corticosteroids will hasten the resolution but may predispose the patient to develop a relapse of the hepatitis. A biphasic or relapsing form of viral hepatitis A occurs in 6 to 10% of cases. The initial episode lasts 3 to 5 weeks and is followed by a period of remission characterized by normal liver chemistries lasting 4 to 5 weeks. Relapse may mimic the initial episode of the acute hepatitis. The full duration of the illness ranges from 16 to 40 weeks from the onset and immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis A virus persists throughout the clinical course. Hepatitis A virus has been recovered from stools during the relapse. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis A include evanescent skin rash and transient arthralgias. Documented cases of arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis have been associated with cryoglobulinaemia and are rare.
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PMID:Atypical clinical manifestations of hepatitis A. 147 99


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