Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary obstruction of different etiology were studied in 62 patients, who were investigated for the presence of lipoprotein X (Lp-X). It was found present in 19 of 20 cholestasis by lithiasis, in all three primary biliary cirrhosis patients, in 2 of 4 cirrhosis, in 5 of 13 hepatitis, in all three benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis and in 1 of 2 recurrent juandice of pregnancy. It was found in a Dubin Johnson. Lp-X disappeared in 4 patients within two weeks after relief of the obstruction. It was found in patients with cholestatic hepatitis during the first week of jaundice. It was found in the first 48 hours in three patients with cholestasis by lithiasis. Lp-X does not help in differential diagnosis between extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary obstruction, but the time of its appearance could contribute to it in some cases. A word of caution is raised in indicating surgery in a cholestatic patient without the presence of Lp-X.
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PMID:LP-X in cholestasis. 17 23

Significant liver disease developed in 14 patients after renal transplantation. Nine patients had morphologic and functional evidence of chronic active hepatitis. In general, these patients had few symptoms of liver disease, even though the course of chronic active hepatitis was progressive. Despite large doses of prednisone, cirrhosis ultimately developed in five patients. The cause of chronic active hepatitis could not be related to azathioprine or methyldopa therapy because there was no perceptible change in the course of liver disease after treatment with these drugs was stopped. Three patients were persistently positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Isolated instances of granulomatous hepatitis (Mycobacterium kansasii) and of prolonged intrahepatic cholestasis were encountered in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Two patients had acute cytomegalovirus hepatitis. There was one episode each of fulminant herpes simplex hepatitis and severe fatty metamorphosis.
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PMID:Liver disease in renal transplant recipients. 18 93

With the development of simplified methods of bile acid analysis, a new era has drawned in the evaluation of hepatobiliary disease. 1. A total serum bile acid particularly in the postprandial periods is more sensitive than either BSP or ICG for the detection of minimal liver disease and will become a useful screening method. 2. The ratio of chenodeoxycholate to cholate in serum together with the total concentration can often distinguish hepatitis and cirrhosis from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis with normal liver cell parenchyma. However, in practice this is usually of less value than the total serum bile acid level. 3. Changes in serum bile acids throughout a 24 hour cycle reflect the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the capacity of the liver to transport them. These patterns are most useful in judging the severity of cholestasis and response to resin therapy. They also provide new insights into the pathophysiology of bile acid metabolism and excretion in different diseases of the liver.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of serum bile acids. 19 97

The onset of jaundice following a surgical operation sometimes raises difficult problems. It is rarely due to hemolysis, infective hepatitis or decomposated cirrhosis of the liver. One should seek as a routine hepatitis due to halotane. However the most frequent cause is "benign postoperative cholestasis". This variety of jaundice presents in the form of an icterus due to conjugated bilirubine with often a large increase in alkaline phosphatase levels. The ocurse is variable. Almost always due to severe surgical or septic trauma, accompanied by shock and/or anoxia, it raises difficult diagnostic problems. The clinical and physiopathological aspects of benign postoperative cholestasis are recalled. One should remember, above all, that this is not an autonomous clinical entity but the sign of local or general complications which should be sought carefully.
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PMID:[Postoperative medical icterus]. 21 10

Severe liver dysfunction is often associated with alterations of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. In this study the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) class has been further investigated. HDL from patients with acute, cholestatic hepatitis (n = 10) was isolated and compared with that of normals. Lipid and protein analyses were performed during the acute stage of the disease, with consequent follow-up studies. It was found that (1) only apo A-I was decreased by 50% in the isolated HDL fractions, whereas apo A-II remained unchanged; apo A-I in total plasma was normal; (2) immunoelectrophoresis of hepatitis HDL against monospecific anti-A-II revealed one precipitin line but two or more bands against anti-A-I; (3) concomitant with an increase of phospholipids and a decrease of triglycerides and the total cholesterol fraction, hepatitis HDL contained 10--12 times more bile acid than normal HDL. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant bile acid. These alterations were fully reversible when patients recovered. These parameters seem to be sensitive markers for the degree of disturbance and restoration of liver function. The structural-functional implications of the observed compositional changes of HDL during cholestasis are discussed.
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PMID:A bile-acid-rich high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in acute hepatitis. 22 Jul 1

The etiology of 72 episodes of liver disease that developed in 62 of 162 renal-transplant recipients was evaluated. Infection with hepatitis B virus was a minor problem, and none of our patients had evidence of infection with hepatitis A. Cytomegalovirus infection was ubiquitous in the population and probably accounted for many episodes of acute liver disease. This agent's role in causing chronic hepatitis is less secure. Infections with other viruses including Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and the herpes viruses were only rarely associated with hepatic disease. Azathioprine was responsible for some episodes of acute cholestasis but could not be incriminated as a direct cause of chronic disease. A cause could be identified for the majority of episodes of acute hepatic dysfunction, but the cause of most of the chronic hepatitis remains undetermined. It is likely that infection with non-A, non-B hepatitis virus accounts for much of this serious, often fatal, complication of renal transplantation.
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PMID:Etiology of liver disease in renal-transplant patients. 22 42

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), mitochondrial GOT (GOTm), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were determined in 43 healthy controls and in 280 cases of liver diseases. A simplified column chromatographic method coupled with UV assay was employed for separation of GOTm. The activity was measured by following decrease in abosrbance of NADH at 340 nm. The lowest activity of GOTm determined with a coefficient of variation below 10% was 6 mIU/ml. High GOTm activities were found in acute hepatitis (acute stage), subacute hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis and were generally associated with high total GOT (GOTt) activities. The activity ratio of GOTm/GOTt varied depending on the stage and severity of liver diseases. The GOTm/GOTt ratio was decreased in acute, fulminant and subacute hepatitides. No significant reduction in the ratio was found in bile duct obstruction, alcoholic liver injury or metastatic liver cancer. Although relatively high GOTm/GOTt ratios were found in some patients with severe hepatic injury, they had no definite association with poor prognosis. These results indicate that the marked elevation in GOTt over GPT in advanced chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary hepatoma was mainly due to preferential leakage of cytoplasmic GOT (GOTs).
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PMID:The mechanism of the release of hepatic enzymes in various liver diseases. 1. Alterations in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzyme activities in serum. 22 31

In cardiovascular diseases with potential atherosclerosis, the serum concentration of HDL cholesterol as determined by a precipitation method with dextran sulfate and Mg++ was lower while that of total cholesterol was normal or elevated. Treatment with a daily dose of 1,200 mg of Nicomol, a derivative of nicotinic acid, for 1 to 3 months increased the mean HDL cholesterol level by 3 to 5 mg/dl and reduced the total cholesterol level by 14 to 15 mg/dl and total/HDL cholesterol ratio by 0.8 (3 months) to 0.9 (1 month, p less than 0.05). Similar decreases in HDL cholesterol concentration were also found in parenchymal and obstructive liver diseases with normal total cholesterol values except in fulminant hepatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis.
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PMID:Effect of nicomol on HDL cholesterol level. 22 32

Lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in the serum of infants with persistent jaundice is indicative of cholestasis. In early infancy biliary atresia and biliary agenesis are the most common cause of cholestasis, whereas neonatal hepatitis is a less frequent cause of cholestasis. The authors introduced and described the qualitative and quantitative methods of LP-X determination for diagnostic purposes. LP-X estimations were carried out in 9 children with persistent jaundice. LP-X was found to be present in 4 infants-in 2 with complete absence of extrahepatic biliary tracts, in 1 with extrahepatic biliary atresia and in 1 with hypoplastic extrahepatic biliary tract. LP-X was also found in a 5 year old boy with mechanical occlusion of bile ducts caused by a malignant tumor ( rhabdomyoblastoma ), and in 3 year old girl with inborn enzymatic liver dysfunction. In this case LP-X concentration was estimated before and after 3 week course of cholestyramine, after which there was a 35% decrease in the LP-X concentration. In a 4 month old child LP-X was not found in spite of the absence of extra and intrahepatic biliary tracts. This finding may be explained by the far advanced hepatic cirrhosis. The authors stress the importance of introducing of LP-X estimation in the differential diagnosis of jaundice in early infancy.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein X (LP-X) in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis in children, with special reference to biliary atresia]. 26 31

The characterisation of lymphocytes from liver biopsies indicates that 'activated' T lymphocytes are present in the liver in alcohol induced hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis (HBS+ve and -ve), and in primary biliary cirrhosis but not in inactive cirrhosis, chronic persistent hepatitis, extrahepatic and drug induced cholestasis. A greater percentage of lymphocytes bear Fc-receptors in chronic active hepatitis than in alcohol induced hepatitis or cholestatic liver disease. The concentration of 'activated' T cells in the peripheral blood in all groups studied was within the normal range, suggesting that the 'activated' T cells found in the liver were reacting to either native or foreign antigens within the liver. The data on Fc-receptor bearing cells are consistent with the involvement of antibody assisted K cell mediated cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis.
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PMID:Lymphocyte populations in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic liver disease. 32 39


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