Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pi phenotype was determined in 335 patients with liver diseases and compared with the results in 2830 healthy blood donors. Eleven of 335 patients had phenotype MZ (3.3%, compared with 2.9% in healthy blood donors (NS]. None of 53 patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis had the MZ phenotype, but it was found in 2 of 18 patients (11.1%) with cryptogenic cirrhosis, 3 of 78 (3.8%) with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, 2 of 36 (5.6%) with primary sclerosing cholangitis, and 1 of 26 (3.9%) with primary biliary cirrhosis. Altogether, 3 of 335 patients were homozygous for Pi ZZ and had cirrhosis. One of them (a male) developed a hepatoma and died. We conclude that the reported association between Pi MZ phenotype and chronic non-B active hepatitis does not seem to include patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, whereas the possibility of an association between cryptogenic cirrhosis and the MZ phenotype cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Heterozygous MZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in adults with chronic liver disease. 240 84

Hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium express several types of cytokeratins, the characteristic intermediate-filament proteins of epithelial cells. The cytokeratin antigen expression was studied in normal and diseased livers, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas by immunohistochemical methods using a panel of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins. Ten percent formaldehyde solution-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections obtained from ten patients without liver disease, 18 patients without liver disease, 18 patients with different stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, 14 patients with alcoholic hepatitis, ten patients with fatty liver hepatitis secondary to diabetes mellitus or morbid obesity, five patients with hepatocellular carcinomas, and five patients with cholangiocarcinomas were examined. The results suggested that hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium retain their distinct cytokeratin profiles in liver disease, including malignant transformation. Therefore, demonstration of cytokeratins in the liver is useful in establishing the cellular origin of neoplasms and understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases.
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PMID:Expression of cytokeratins in normal and diseased livers and in primary liver carcinomas. 246 75

Antibodies against thymus epithelial cells (anti-TEC) and the basal cell layer (BCLA) of squamous epithelia have been described in association with HDV-related chronic liver disease (CLD). Data are lacking on their presence during nAnB virus infection. Sera from 51 patients with nAnB post-transfusion hepatitis, including acute and chronic cases diagnosed during a prospective study on candidates for cardiac surgery, and 167 with various forms of CLD were tested for the presence of anti-TEC and BCLA using indirect immunofluorescence on human thymus and rat forestomach sections. Both antibodies mainly occurred in nAnB, HDV and cryptogenic CLD (anti-TEC: 51%, 47% and 42%; BCLA: 29%, 38% and 31%, respectively). The prevalence of anti-TEC in nAnB CLD turned out to be higher than that recorded in alcoholic, HBV-related, autoimmune, liver and kidney microsomal antibody positive CLD and primary biliary cirrhosis (p ranging from less than 0.03 to less than 0.0004). Two monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to cytokeratins gave a pattern superimposable on that of spontaneous anti-TEC (both Mabs) and BCLA (only one). Antibodies against epithelial constituents, presumably targeting cytokeratin-associated antigens, occur not only in HDV CLD, as previously reported, but also in nAnB CLD, where they might represent a diagnostic aid, due to the unavailability of reliable serological markers of nAnB infection. The close similarity of anti-TEC and BCLA status between nAnB and cryptogenic CLD suggests a nAnB etiology of at least a proportion of chronic liver patients at present scored as cryptogenic.
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PMID:Serum antibodies to thymus epithelial cells in non-A, non-B and cryptogenic chronic liver disease. 247 4

Nutritional assessment factors (including dietary history, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and evaluation of immunocompetence) were retrospectively reviewed in 74 patients undergoing an initial liver transplantation procedure. The patients were subdivided into four categories on the basis of type of liver disease: chronic active hepatitis (N = 24), primary sclerosing cholangitis (N = 22), primary biliary cirrhosis (N = 20), and acute or subacute hepatitis (N = 8). Our nutritional assessment data indicated that malnutrition was present preoperatively in all liver transplantation groups but that each group had distinct characteristics. The group with primary biliary cirrhosis seemed to have the best hepatic synthetic function despite extreme wasting of muscle and fat. On the basis of all criteria, the group with acute hepatitis was the most malnourished of the various disease groups. Aggressive nutritional support, which includes adequate intake of nutrients and supplementation of vitamins and trace minerals, should be encouraged for all potential liver transplant patients.
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PMID:Assessment of nutritional status of patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. 249 64

Bleeding complications during liver transplantation have been attributed to accelerated fibrinolysis. In order to determine its cause, 11 adults (mean age: 38.9 +/- 13.2 yr) undergoing liver transplantation were studied. There were three groups of patients: cirrhosis (n = 4), fulminating hepatitis (n = 4) and one group including a primary biliary cirrhosis, a hepatic metastasis and a hepatoma. The following factors were studied in the immediate preoperative period, at different surgical times throughout the procedure and 2-3 h after the end of the abdominal sutures: platelet count, prothrombin concentration, fibrinogen, activated kephalin time, factors II, V, VII + X and VIIIc, antithrombin III, protein C, D-dimers, fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (PDF), plasma plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and the fast tPA inhibitor (PAi). Preoperatively, only the two patients with hepatic cancer had a normal haemostatic profile. Throughout the procedure, all patients had only moderate changes in platelets, coagulation factors and their inhibitors, and plasminogen, because platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma were transfused. Levels of tPA rose, becoming very high during the anhepatic period and just after graft reperfusion. An abrupt fall occurred at the end of surgery. There were important individual differences in tPA activity. PAi activity was low during the preanhepatic and anhepatic stages, rising rapidly after revascularization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fibrinolytic activity in patients undergoing hepatic transplantation]. 249 27

The examinations have involved 177 subjects (80 of these were regularly examined for a year), 148 of them suffering from acute or chronic diseases of the liver and 29 normal subjects. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing specific liver lipoprotein (SLL) were detected by the enzyme-binding immunosorption complement-fixation test. SLL CICs are most frequently detectable in the patients with acute hepatitis B (in 19 of 48), with chronic active autoimmune hepatitis (in 8 of 9), and with primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver (in 18 of 20 patients).
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PMID:[Liver-specific lipoprotein component level in circulating immune complexes in liver diseases]. 253 98

From the standpoint of diagnostic laparoscopy, the frequency and etiological aspect of atrophy of a lobe of the liver was studied. The frequency of hepatic lobe atrophy was 5.3% among 1,208 laparoscopy cases at our department. Lobe atrophy of the liver can be seen not only in congenital anomaly, atrophic cirrhosis and malformation, as described in the OMED database of digestive endoscopy, but also in some other kinds of liver diseases including chronic hepatitis, idiopathic portal hypertension, primary biliary cirrhosis, drug-induced liver injury, scarred liver, autoimmune hepatitis and also in malignancies of other visceral organs. The disorders most frequently associated with hepatic lobe atrophy were idiopathic portal hypertension, and scarred liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, etc.
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PMID:Laparoscopic observation of hepatic lobe atrophy. 255 63

The frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Spain was assessed by means of a recombinant-based immunoassay for serum anti-HCV antibodies. 836 serum samples were tested from 676 patients selected according to their risk of blood-borne viral infections and presence of liver disease. Among patients at high risk of infection (with or without liver disease) anti-HCV antibodies were found in 85% of prospectively followed patients with post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, 62% of patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and a history of blood transfusion, 70% of haemophiliacs receiving replacement therapy, 70% of intravenous drug abusers, and 20% of haemodialysis patients. Only 8% of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus and 6% of female contacts of drug abusers were positive. Among patients with liver disease and no history of parenteral exposure to blood, anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 38% with cryptogenic, alcoholic, or primary biliary cirrhosis and in 44% with chronic active hepatitis. Among healthy subjects without risk factors for hepatitis the overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.2%.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. 256 2

Since antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) specific to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) recognise enterobacterial proteins and can be induced by R(rough)-mutants of enterobacteriaceae a study was done to find out the prevalence of enterobacterial R-forms in stool samples of patients with chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Liver biopsy specimens were also examined for lipid A, a common antigenic component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria. In all stool samples from the 21 patients with PBC Escherichia coli R-forms constituted up to half of the total amount of E coli. In contrast E coli R-forms were detectable in the stools of only 1 healthy control (n = 20), and in 25% of patients with other cholestatic diseases (n = 10), chronic hepatitis type B (n = 15), type non-A, non-B hepatitis (n = 15), or chronic pancreatitis and fat malabsorption (n = 8). An immunoblot technique showed that E coli R-forms isolated from patients' stools contained PBC-specific AMA-reactive proteins with molecular weights of 70-80 kD and 50 kD. Deposits of lipid A, located primarily in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, were found in 11 patients with PBC but not in the liver of patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Circulating antibodies against lipid A were found rarely and in low titres. The data support the hypothesis that intestinal enterobacterial R-forms are aetiologically important in PBC and that antigens released from the bacterial cell wall contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Relation between Escherichia coli R(rough)-forms in gut, lipid A in liver, and primary biliary cirrhosis. 257 61

Serum levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor were determined in patients with acute viral hepatitis and patients with various chronic liver diseases. In addition, the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis to generate soluble interleukin 2 receptor following mitogenic stimulation was studied in vitro. Serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor concentrations in all patients with acute viral hepatitis were found to be significantly elevated (1,319 +/- 527 units per ml) during the first week after onset of disease, as compared to healthy control individuals (375 +/- 102 units per ml; p less than 0.0005) and declined toward normal levels during the course of the illness. Similarly, patients suffering from chronic liver disease such as alcoholic liver cirrhosis (1,172 +/- 507 units per ml), primary biliary cirrhosis (619 +/- 190 units per ml) or chronic active HBsAg+ hepatitis (941 +/- 357 units per ml) showed increased serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor concentrations (p less than 0.0005 vs. controls, respectively). In vitro mitogen stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells derived from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis resulted in a soluble interleukin 2 receptor production not different from that seen in healthy individuals, suggesting that elevated soluble interleukin 2 receptor serum levels seen in this disease are not the result of an increased synthesis by circulating lymphocytes. Due to the ability of soluble interleukin 2 receptor to bind free interleukin 2--thus making it a potential immunoregulatory molecule--its high serum levels could explain some of the immunologic abnormalities observed in acute and chronic liver disease.
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PMID:Soluble interleukin 2 receptor in acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease. 258 87


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