Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within the framework of a prospective study on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease begun in 1968, serial blind needle biopsies of the liver were carried out for the early establishment of liver involvement. In 201 needle biopsies taken in 114 patients with ulcerative colitis, normal findings were observed in 51, fatty infiltration in 24, and accompanying inflammation in 23, fatty infiltration together with a mesenchymal reaction in 8, fatty liver in 6 and sclerosing cholangitis and granulomatous hepatitis in 1 patient each. Of 69 needle biopsies taken in 45 patients with Crohn's disease we established normal findings in 13, an insignificant accompanying inflammation in 19, fatty infiltration in 5, granulomatous hepatitis in 3, fatty liver in 2, fatty liver together with a mesenchymal reaction in 2 and serum hepatitis in 1. Laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, BSP excretion) are not particularly suitable as screening tests. The diagnostic yield of serial blind needle biopsies of the liver is low and, despite the low-risk nature of the method, often dispensable. Laparoscopy, or at least blind needle biopsy of the liver, should be retained for the further clarification of serious deviations of laboratory values from the normal range, or of suspicious palpation findings.
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PMID:[Hepatic reaction in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. 4 40

Quantitative determination of the abnormal plasma lipoprotein of cholestasis LP-X has been performed in 81 LP-X positive patients with different liver disorders. Great variations in the plasma concentration of LP-X were demonstrated both in the 45 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (acute hepatitis, toxic hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and cholangitis) and in the 36 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (extrahepatic biliary obstruction by tumours and choledocholithiasis). The plasma concentratkons of LP-X in the patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (median 158 mg/100 ml) were significantly (psmaller than 0.001) higher than in the patients with intraphepatic cholestasis (median 25 mg/100 ml) was exceeded by 42% of the patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and 33% of the patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, had LP-X LEVELS ABOVE 400 MG/100ML. The plasma concentration of LP-X was significantly correlated to the plasma activity of alkaline phosphatases and serum bilirubin, but seemed to be superior to these two parameters in the differentiation between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis. Plasma levels of LP-X above 400 mg/100 ml are highly indicative of extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of the abnormal lipoprotein of cholestasis, LP-X, in liver disease. 16 86

Increased incidence of renal insufficiency is observed in severe damage of liver parenchyma such as fulminant hepatitis, decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, septic cholangitis and the different forms of obstructive jaundice. Functional circulatory disturbances of the kidney, especially of the renal cortex, are of importance in the aetiology of this condition. Dopamine, at a dosage as low as 3 gamma/kg/min leads to an improvement in renal blood flow and also to an increase in hepatic blood flow. These observations are of therapeutic importance. Some important circulatory and functional parameters of both these organs, which influence each other under normal and pathological conditions, were studied in the presence of dopamine and the following results were obtained: 1. An investigation of the intrarenal haemodynamics with 133 Xenon in patients with severe cirrhosis of the liver and in patients with obstructive jaundice resulted in an increase of 91% in the mean renal blood flow. The blood flow in the renal cortex increased by 36.2% and in the renal medulla 18.5%, whereas the renal fat tissue showed no change. Compartment I, which was diminished as compared with the control value, also increased. The percentage contribution of the mean renal blood flow and the blood flow of the renal cortex towards the cardiac output was greater under the influence of dopamine; hence a greater part of the cardiac output flows into the kidney under dopamine. 2. The glomerular filtrate and the renal plasma flow increased under dopamine (13.5% and 43.1%, respectively). The increase was greater in compensated than in decompensated cirrhosis. In patients with obstructive jaundice there was a smaller increase in both these parameters than in patients with cirrhosis in the presence of dopamine. No connection was found between the increase in renal plasma flow with dopamine and the blood levels of bilirubin, cholinesterase, GOT and the Normotest. 3. The urinary output of sodium increased by 191.4% with dopamine. Patients with an initial renal plasma flow value of over 300 ml/min had a higher sodium output. These patients also eliminated more sodium under the influence of dopamine than those with an initial renal plasma flow value of under 300 ml/min. 4. Blood flow determinations in the portal vein and the hepatic artery in man, obtained during operation, showed an increase in portal flow of 28.5% and hepatic artery flow of 6.3% in response to dopamine. The percentage contribution of portal blood flow towards the cardiac output increase on dopamine administration. The functional hepatic blood flow, analyzed with 131-J-BSP, did not change. The wedged hepatic vein pressure, which is a good measure of portal pressure, increased on average by only 7% with dopamine at a dosage of 3 gamma/kg/min, but by 20.3% with twice the dosage. Dopamine did not cause a change in hepatic blood volume; hence, blood sequestration in the liver can be excluded in response to the dopamine-evoked increase in portal blood flow. 5...
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental investigations of the effect of dopamine on haemodynamics and function of kidney and liver (author's transl)]. 27 63

Computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide examinations of the liver and pancreas in 50 patients were compared retrospectively to evaluate their value as diagnostic tests. CT was superior to 75Se-selenomethionine in evaluating pancreatic disease. Both 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans and CT scans were sensitive detectors of liver masses; however, there were more false positive 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans (16% compared to 4%). CT was superior in detecting biliary obstruction and ascites, in assessing diseases that involved the liver extrinsically, and in evaluating the status of adjacent organs. 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans were more sensitive in detection of diffuse non-neoplastic liver diseases (cirrhosis, hepatitis, and cholangitis). Simultaneous interpretation of CT and radionuclide scans was often more helpful than independent interpretation, and the two techniques are therefore complementary.
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PMID:Retrospective comparison of radionuclide scans and computed tomography of the liver and pancreas. 40 38

Six patients who were referred to the liver unit on account of jaundice are described. A different initial diagnosis has been made in each case, these being fulminant hepatic failure, severe hepatitis with renal failure, toxoplasma hepatitis, extrahepatic obstruction, sclerosing cholangitis, and liver abscess. After delays of four weeks to 12 months from the time of first symptoms all six patients were eventually found to have advanced Hodgkin's disease (stage 4). In four patients the diagnosis was made during life, but in two only at autopsy. In four lymphoma tissue was finally demonstrable in the liver, but in two liver biopsy showed only minor non-specific changes despite grossly abnormal liver function tests. Three of the six patients were treated with chemotherapy, and two of these recovered sufficiently to leave hospital. With the encouraging survival figures now being obtained in Hodgkin's disease, an awareness of the varied hepatic manifestations of the disease may allow treatment to be instituted at an earlier stage.
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PMID:Liver disease as presenting manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. 48 87

Operative liver biopsies and specimens of the extrahepatic ducts and porta hepatis have been studied in 12 cases of biliary atresia. In all cases, the liver showed giant cell transformation and inflammation with mononuclear cells and neutrophils. Most had other features of neonatal hepatitis, including necrosis of hepatocytes. In the intrahepatic bile ducts of all cases but one, the hepatic ducts and glands at the porta hepatis, and in the extrahepatic ducts where epithelium remained, there was degeneration of the epithelium and intramural inflammation. In the ducts at the porta hepatis and in 6 of 8 extrahepatic ducts where epithelium remained, there was extensive mural fibrosis compromising the diameter of the duct lumens. Three cases showed the inflammatory changes distal to sites of closure of the extrahepatic ducts. These findings demonstrate that in biliary atresia, hepatitis, intrahepatic cholangitis, and sclerosing cholangitis of the extrahepatic ducts all interact to produce acquired obstruction to bile flow.
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PMID:Biliary Atresia: histopathologic observations and reflections upon its natural history. 59 78

The clinical course and histological changes in the liver during a presumed adverse reaction to the drug dantrolene sodium are described in four patients. After a typical prodrome one developed a moderately severe hepatitis-like illness. Another also had a prodrome but never became jaundiced. In the other two, abnormal liver function tests were detected on routine screening. In each case liver biopsy showed changes typical of an acute hepatitis, but the severity was unrelated to the clinical presentation. In addition, there were also changes in the portal tracts resembling ascending cholangitis. In each case liver function tests returned to normal after withdrawing treatment with dantrolene.
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PMID:Hepatitis from dantrolene sodium. 76 34

More than 400 patients with acute and chronic liver diseases as well as non-hepatic diseases (control group) were examined for the existence of antibodies against mitochondria, smooth musculature and cytoblasts with the help of the immunofluorescence-serological method. The proof of the hepatitis-B antigen was carried out by means of the transmigration-electrophoresis. Auto-antibodytitres larger than 1 : 160 (limiting titres) could be established only in the chronically aggressive hepatitides and the chronically destructing non-purulent cholangitides. Whilst in the chronically destructing non-purulent cholangitides dominate high mitochondrial antibody-titres, in the chronically aggressive hepatitides the antibodies against smooth musculature and/or cytoblasts are dominating. When the hepatitis-B-antigen was present in all groups of diagnosis auto-antibody titres of 1 : 160 were not transgressed. The kind of the antibody-spectrum and the size of the antibody-titres seem to be suitable for the differential diagnosis. High mitochondrial antibody-titres in women are suspicious of a chronically destructing non-purulent cholangitis. High titres of antinuclear antibodies or such ones against smooth musculature might be a reference to the so-called auto-immune form of the chronically aggressive hepatitis. For a still better differentiation of the chronic liver diseases the determination of these antibodies seems to be valuable.
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PMID:[Immunopathological phenomenona in liver diseases]. 77 9

After a short historical retrospect and a comment on the nomenclature and on the notion of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis the diagnostic criteria and immunopathological peculiarities of virus-induced HBsAg-positive, non-virus-induced autoimmune, drug-induced and finally cryptogenic chronically progressing liver diseases are discussed. Immunoserology and immunohistology are nowadays to be regarded as the most important enrichments in the diagnostic spectre for the differentiation of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. In order to complete the diagnostic programme and to understand the pathogenesis of cryptogenic chronic hepatitides as soon as possible an establishment of the hepatitis-A- and C-serology is necessary. Apart from a further analysis of the group of the non-B-hepatitides the diagnostic use of other markers of virus hepatitides will be able to adopt a definite attitude to the unclarified question of virus-induced autoimmunopathies in liver diseases. The primary biliary cirrhosis with the morphologic findings of a chronically destructing, non-purulent cholangitis is an immunologically conditioned liver diseases of unknown etiology, which in contrast to the autoimmune chronic active hepatitides and liver cirrhoses is not to be influenced in the course by therapeutic measures.
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PMID:[Immunopathological aspects of liver cirrhosis]. 85 42

Liver biopsy was done at the time of operation in 125 consecutive upper abdominal procedures to assess the incidence of unsuspected or undiagnosed hepatic abnormalities. Specifically excluded were hepatic lesions unexpectedly identified at laparotomy. Sixty-seven percent of the liver biopsy specimens were abnormal, the most frequent findings being fatty metamorphosis, cholestasis, triaditis, fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatitis. The most frequent operation performed was cholecystectomy. In 63 patients with chronic cholecystitis, there was a 51% incidence of abnormal liver histology, while in nine patients with acute cholecystitis, the incidence was 78%. In 83% of all other operations, abnormal liver biopsy specimens were identified. Bile leakage, hemorrhage, and infection did not occur in this series, despite inclusion of patients with severe biliary obstruction, abnormal clotting factors, and intra-abdominal sepsis. New techniques of histochemical enzyme analysis and electron microscopy are expected to enhance the clinical correlation of occult hepatic lesions. We conclude that liver biopsy in a safe, informative adjunct to all upper abdominal procedures.
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PMID:'Routine' liver biopsy in upper abdominal surgery. 88 45


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