Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Molecular biology techniques are applied for the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis due to herpesviruses, enteroviruses or polyomaviruses, for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus, human parvovirus B19, varicella-zoster virus and rubella virus infections occurring during pregnancy, for the diagnosis and the management of retrovirus infections (HIV and HTLV) and of hepatitis (HBV and HCV), for papillomavirus typing and to detect a link between virus and clinical manifestations (cardiomyopathy or insulinodependent diabetes with coxsackievirus B: Kaposi's sarcoma with HHV 8) or to investigate an environmental contamination with viruses. These new molecular markers which are both qualitative and quantitative represent an important advance in the field of viral diagnosis research, in the monitoring of viral load during the course of infection, in the therapy control of viral disease and in the epidemiology of virus spread. Standardization and automatization are obtained using available commercial reagents and kits.
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PMID:[Molecular biology at the service of the daily medical virology. 2. Applications to virological diagnosis]. 918 Sep 61

Two patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) had near-fatal generalized varicella infection with severe interstitial pneumonitis, hepatitis, decreased platelet count, bleeding and hypoalbuminaemia. Active haemolysis resulted in anaemia and massive haemoglobinuria. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity and ferritin concentration, which in patients with LPI in normal circumstances exceed the upper reference values 3-folds to 10-fold, increased to > 10,000 U/L and > 10,000 micrograms/L, respectively. The patients were treated with fresh frozen plasma, red-cell transfusions and intravenous acyclovir for 14 days, and recovered clinically in a month. Retrospectively, 3 of the 32 other known Finnish patients with LPI had had varicella infection that had been more severe than that in the other children in the family or in subjects in the neighbourhood and had led to hospital admission. Varicella antibodies were measured in 24 patients; 5 had no antibodies and 5 had very low antibody titres. Primary vaccination of three patients with living varicella vaccine increased antibody titres measurably in one patient. We suggest that patients with LPI who have no varicella zoster antibodies should be treated with acyclovir if exposed to varicella and should be (re)vaccinated against chickenpox.
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PMID:Varicella and varicella immunity in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance. 958 61

Varicella is a typical acute exanthematous viral infection caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In recently years, as far as hepatic dysfunction caused by viruses other than the hepatitis virus is concerned, there have been a few reports on hepatic dysfunction accompanying varicella following organ transplantation of Europe and America and another report on an immunocompromized adult following treatment for Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) in Japan. Nonetheless, we searched the MEDLINE and J MEDICINE listing the publications between 1986 and 1996 and found one report on healthy adults with varicella accompanied by hepatic dysfunction in Europe and America and two reports in Japan. Only Noguchi et al. dealt with the findings of liver biopsy. We examined two healthy adults with varicella and mild-to-moderate hepatic dysfunction, and referred to the results of their liver biopsies. The present paper discusses this issue, citing some references.
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PMID:Two cases of adult varicella accompanied by hepatic dysfunction. 962 71

Varicella infection usually occurs in childhood and is uncommon in neonates. We reported 26 cases of neonatal varicella seen at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, from 1988 to 1995. The sex ratio of male to female was equal. The age of onset was between 6 to 27 days. Twelve cases contracted varicella from mothers who were infected between 6 days before delivery to 2 days after delivery (perinatal varicella) and fourteen cases contracted varicella from mothers or siblings in the postnatal period (postnatal varicella). All babies developed vesicular rash. Intravenous acyclovir was given in high risk and severe cases (nine perinatal and three postnatal varicella patients). Complications of neonatal varicella included clinical sepsis 8 cases (30%), pneumonia 7 cases (26%), pyoderma 9 cases (35%) and hepatitis 1 case (4%). There was no statistical difference between the complications of perinatal and postnatal group (p > 0.05). No death was observed during this study. Clinical manifestations of neonatal varicella varied from mild to severe, depending on the onset of rash in the mother and baby and mode of transmission of the disease. Although we have no varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG), acyclovir therapy is beneficial in the treatment of neonatal varicella.
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PMID:Neonatal varicella: a report of 26 cases. 1056 56

We describe a case of adult chickenpox which was complicated by severe varicella pneumonia, mild hepatitis and thrombocytopenia. The hepatitis and the thrombocytopenia were asymptomatic clinically and were diagnosed on biochemistry and blood count results. These eventually improved without specific interventions. The pneumonia, however, deteriorated rapidly despite the early commencement of oxygen supplementation, acyclovir and antibiotic. Subsequently, systemic corticosteroid therapy was initiated and the patient was ventilated in the intensive care unit. The patient eventually recovered.
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PMID:Adult varicella pneumonia that responded to combined acyclovir and steroid therapy. 1097 42

The postmarketing safety profile of varicella vaccine was evaluated by analyzing selected adverse experience reports temporally associated with the administration of the vaccine. There were 7963 reports voluntarily submitted to Merck for an overall reporting rate of 5.0 per 10000 doses of vaccine distributed. A varicella zoster virus (VZV) identification program detected the presence of the Oka vaccine strain in three individuals with an immune deficiency - two with pneumonia and one with hepatitis - and in three instances of secondary transmission from vaccinees with vesicular lesions to susceptible household contacts. The Oka vaccine strain was present in 23 patients and wild-type VZV was present in 15 patients with herpes zoster. Vesicular rashes that occurred within 2 weeks of vaccination were more likely to contain the presence of wild-type VZV, while vesicular rashes that occurred more than 2 weeks post-vaccination were more likely to contain the Oka vaccine strain. Eleven patients were hospitalized with complications of breakthrough varicella infection.
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PMID:The postmarketing safety profile of varicella vaccine. 1111 16

There are a large number of viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, Herpes simplex, mumps, varicella, yellow fever, etc., known to cause inflammatory disease of the liver, but the term viral hepatitis generally refers to the five well described hepatotropic viruses which are divided into enteral and parenteral groups based on their mode of transmission. Hepatitis A and E viruses are enterically transmitted by the faecal-oral route and do not exist in a chronic carrier state. Hepatitis B, C and D viruses are parenterally transmitted, occur both in the acute and chronic forms, and, when they persist in a chronic carrier state, they serve as a reservoir for infection and give rise to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis G virus has recently been described but its significance in the causation of human liver disease is yet to be established. Also, the most recently described TT virus in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis awaits further studies. Acute sporadic and epidemic viral hepatitis are common world-wide, mostly in the developing countries, including Ethiopia, and account for high morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus is a significant problem on a global scale, affecting over 300 million people. Hepatitis C virus infection is probably the most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this article will review and highlight the relevant epidemiological, preventive and therapeutic aspects of viral hepatitis with emphasis on new developments and recent data obtained from Ethiopian studies.
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PMID:Epidemiology, prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis with emphasis on new developments. 1114 85

Syncytial giant cell hepatitis in the neonatal period has been associated with many different etiologic agents and may present initially as cholestasis. Infectious causes are most common and include: (1 ) generalized bacterial sepsis, (2) viral agents, (3) toxoplasmosis, (4) syphilis, (5) listeriosis, and (6) tuberculosis. Viral hepatitis may be due to cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, herpes simplex, HHV-6, varicella, coxsackievirus, echovirus, reovirus 3, parvovirus B19, HIV, enteroviruses, paramyxovirus, and hepatitis A, B, or C (rare). Giant cell hepatitis may result in fulminant liver failure with massive hepatocyte necrosis and severe liver dysfunction leading to death, resolution with severely compromised liver function, or liver transplantation. The authors report a 6-week-old male who had an unremarkable perinatal period, became jaundiced after developing diarrhea, and subsequently developed liver dysfunction with massively increased liver enzymes and a coagulopathy. Open wedge and core liver biopsies were performed to determine if the patient should be listed for liver transplantation. Giant cell hepatitis with a significant mixed lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate was present on both the wedge and core biopsies. The residual 60% of hepatocytes had ballooning degeneration and many possessed pyknotic nuclei. The hepatocytes were arranged in a pseudoacinar pattern. Electron microscopy showed paramyxoviral-like inclusions in the giant cells, characterized as large inclusions with fine filamentous, beaded substructures (18-20 nm). Paramyxoviridae are nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. This family is divided into the Paramyxovirinae subfamily containing respirovirus (Sendai virus, parainfluenza virus type 3), rubulavirus (mumps, parainfluenza virus type 2), and morbillivirus genera (measles); and Pneumovirinae subfamily (pneumovirus genus [respiratory syncytial virus]). Supportive care to determine if hepatic function resolves following the viral episode, liver transplantation with fulminant liver failure, and ongoing evaluation in those who recover to assess chronic liver disease are necessary. Ultrastructural evaluation may unmask the etiologic agent for hepatitis and direct therapy.
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PMID:Neonatal syncytial giant cell hepatitis with paramyxoviral-like inclusions. 1129 22

Improvement of epidemiological situation of infectious diseases was continued in Poland in 1999. The end of epidemics of measles, pertussis, mumps, scarlatine, chickenpox, and rubella was observed. In comparison with the number of cases of infectious diseases registered in 1998, decrease in the number of notified cases of salmonellosis, dysentery, meningitis, encephalitis, and hepatitis type B and A as well as increase in the number of influenza cases and trichinosis was noticed. In 1999, compared with 1998, among all notified deaths percentage of deaths attributed to infectious diseases (0.80%) and infectious diseases death rate (7.71 per 100,000) were slightly higher as an effect of the influenza deaths increase.
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PMID:[Infectious diseases in Poland in 1999]. 1155 72

A 36-year-old renal transplant patient developed 9 years after a successful transplantation a fatal secondary varicella infection. The disseminated varicella infection was associated with hepatitis with liver necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis and glomerulonephritis. To our knowledge this is the first description of glomerulonephritis associated with varicella infection in a renal transplanted patient. The autopsy showed morphologically a mesangial glomerulonephritis with minor proliferative activity and extensive deposits by electronmicroscopy, mainly in the mesangium. The ongoing immunosuppression may have modified the mesangial cell response to the deposition of immune complexes.
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PMID:Varicella infection in a renal transplant recipient associated with abdominal pain, hepatitis, and glomerulonephritis. 1167 62


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