Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In eight patients with clinical sure Vogt-Koyanagi Harada-syndrome (VKHS) immunological examinations were performed. We tested whether there were signs of former or present infections (measles HHT and complement fixation test (C.F.T.), rubella HHT, hepatitis HBs-antigen, adenovirus AG, varicella-zoster C.F.T., herpes simplex C.F.T., cytomegaly IgM and IgG, toxoplasmosis immunofluorescence, tuberculosis Middlebr. Dubois). In none of all cases we could find HLA B12. The rheumatic tests, LDH, albumin an electrophoresis, coeruloplasmin and haptoglobin were negative. The uveal pigment failed to stimulate the leucocyte cultures from VKHS-patients in leucocyte-migration-inhibition-test and in leucocyte-adherence-inhibition-test.
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PMID:[Immunological examinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (author's transl)]. 703 82

An unusual case of varicella-zoster hepatitis is reported which resulted in fatal massive hepatic necrosis in a 64-year old white female. The patient had had chickenpox 30 years prior to death but no cutaneous zoster at any time. The liver showed typical eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions and herpesvirus virions were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescent serologic studies confirmed remote and recent infection by varicella-zoster virus. The potential significance of an incidental splenectomy performed 14 months before death and the general role of immunosuppression in the incidence and dissemination of varicella-zoster are discussed. The features of 13 reported cases of herpes simplex hepatitis are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Fatal massive hepatic necrosis from varicella-zoster hepatitis. 723 19

Varicella hepatitis has been reported frequently in immunocompromised patients and occasionally in adults with varicella pneumonia and/or systemic involvement. However, hepatitis is not generally known to occur in otherwise uncomplicated varicella. Six children are described who had typical varicella in association with transient elevation of liver enzymes. No CNS abnormalities were noted, and all recovered uneventfully. Such patients have previously been described as representing stage I of Reye's syndrome. The authors postulate that hepatitis complicating varicella may well represent a distinct entity which bears no relationship to Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Varicella hepatitis without neurologic symptoms or findings. 724 56

The atypical measles syndrome is a relatively new disease that was first recognized 15 years ago. Initially, it occurred in children who were exposed to wild measles virus several years after they were immunized with killed measles vaccine. It was characterized by a two- to three-day prodrome of high fever, cough, headache, and myalgia followed by a rash that resembled Rocky Mountain spotted fever, scarlet fever, or varicella and associated with roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia with or without pleural effusion. This report highlights three unusual manifestations of this syndrome: 1) transient hepatitis, 2) persistence of pulmonary lesions for several years, and 3) occurrence of excessively high measles hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers. Today, this syndrome occurs predominantly in adolescents and young adults.
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PMID:Atypical measles syndrome: unusual hepatic, pulmonary, and immunologic aspects. 746 41

A recent analysis demonstrated a change in incidence approaching 100% for diseases against which we routinely immunize in the United States. At present, measles, mumps, rubella, invasive Haemophilus disease, poliomyelitis, diphtheria and tetanus are well-controlled but not eliminated. Diseases that now pose special problems include pertussis, hepatitis A and B and varicella. The incidence of pertussis surged in 1994, possibly in part because of waning immunity in the immunized population. Acellular pertussis vaccines are available for booster doses in children but are not now recommended for adults. Licensure of acellular pertussis vaccines for primary immunization of infants is eagerly awaited. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine has been licensed for more than 10 years but there has been little change in disease incidence in the United States. Routine immunization of infants is now recommended but concerns exist about cost and persistence of immunity into adolescence. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines appear to be highly effective in preventing clinical hepatitis and controlling epidemics. Potential target populations include military personnel, day-care attendees and travelers. Hepatitis A vaccine may be recommended for all children after approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration and if a combination vaccine becomes available. A live, attenuated varicella vaccine developed in 1974 and unlicensed in the United States is safe and highly effective in preventing varicella in healthy and immunocompromised populations. It also appears to reduce subsequent development of herpes zoster. Vaccines against pneumococci (conjugate vaccine), respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus are needed. Research and technology to develop these vaccines must be developed, and efficient delivery mechanisms must be created and implemented.
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PMID:Present and future challenges of immunizations on the health of our patients. 763 35

Current US military recruit vaccination policy presumes that recruits have had a complete childhood immunization series. This assumption may not be appropriate for recruits from Micronesia, who may have had limited access to modern health care, including immunization programs. During 1988 and 1990, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted among 66 US military recruits, 56 from the Federated States of Micronesia and 10 from the Republic of the Marshall Islands, collectively referred to as Micronesia. Antibody seronegativity levels for 12 vaccine-preventable (or potentially so) diseases were: measles (52%), mumps (14%), rubella (21%), varicella (38%), diphtheria (39%) tetanus (0%), polio type 1 (4%), polio type 2 (0%), polio type 3 (14%), hepatitis A (9%), hepatitis B (17%), and hepatitis C (98%). Compared with Army recruits in general, Micronesian recruits were significantly more likely to be seronegative for measles and varicella and seropositive for hepatitis types A and B. Personal histories of disease were felt to be inadequate in predicting antibody status.
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PMID:Vaccine-preventable disease susceptibility in a young adult Micronesian population. 777 28

Glycyrrhizin, a major component of a herb (licorice), has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B in Japan. This substance improves liver function with occasional complete recovery from hepatitis; its effects on the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were examined in vitro. Glycyrrhizin suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and accumulated it dose-dependently in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Its action was further analyzed and determined in the HBsAg-expression system using the varicella-zoster virus. Glycyrrhizin suppressed the secretion of HBsAg, resulting in its accumulation in the cytoplasmic vacuoles in the Golgi apparatus area. HBsAg labeled with 35S-methionine and cysteine accumulated in the cells and its secretion was suppressed dose-dependently in glycyrrhizin-treated culture. The secreted HBsAg was modified by N-linked and O-linked glycans but its sialylation was inhibited dose-dependently by glycyrrhizin. Thus glycyrrhizin suppressed the intracellular transport of HBsAg at the trans-Golgi area after O-linked glycosylation and before its sialylation. HBsAg particles were mainly observed on the cell surface in the glycyrrhizin-treated culture but not in the untreated culture. This suggests that asialylation of HBsAg particles resulted in the novel surface nature of glycyrrhizin-treated HBsAg particles. We elucidated the unique mechanism of action of glycyrrhizin on HBsAg processing, intracellular transport, and secretion.
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PMID:Effects of glycyrrhizin on hepatitis B surface antigen: a biochemical and morphological study. 781 8

Fifteen cases of Gullian-Barre syndrome (GBS) following specific infection are reported. The infections include varicella, 7 infective hepatitis, 4 measles, 2 and mumps, 2. There are no specific clinical or electrophysiological features which serve to distinguish GBS seen in association of these infections from those seen in other clinical settings. There is epidemiological evidence to suggest the association between GBS and hepatitis A, and non A non B hepatitis is more of a chance occurrence. Detailed epidemiological studies are needed to established a clear relationship between other specific viral infections and GBS.
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PMID:Guillain-Barre syndrome following specific viral infections--an appraisal. 783 43

We have determined accompanying events and reviewed the management and outcome of late acute cellular rejection episodes in 384 consecutive liver recipients. A significant proportion of patients experienced concomitant viral infection (group 1, n = 15 [41%]), with CMV infection comprising the largest group and smaller contributions from other viruses (CMV, 30%; HSV, 5%; EBV, 3%; varicella zoster virus, 3%). Thirteen (35%) patients (group 2) developed late rejection associated with low maintenance immunosuppression, and in a further 10 patients (group 3), no accompanying factor could be identified. Refractory rejection was higher in late compared with early rejection episodes in our series (29% vs. 9.2%, P < 0.05). Antiviral chemotherapy administered in rejection episodes with concomitant viral infection, either as sole treatment in cases with accompanying hepatitis or as adjunctive therapy to further supplemental immunosuppression in episodes of steroid-resistant rejection, controlled the rejection process in all treated patients.
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PMID:Importance of concomitant viral infection during late acute liver allograft rejection. 783 26

Varicella zoster virus is known to cause varicella in children and to reactivate years later as shingles. Both the primary disease and the reactivation can cause complications, both in the form of serious affection of organs by the virus itself, and through secondary bacterial infections owing to temporary immune deficiency. Relatively frequent complications include secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonitis, complications affecting the central nervous system, and hepatitis. We describe a few typical cases seen recently in our department, and review important points connected to treatment and prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Varicella zoster complications]. 794 Apr 50


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