Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extensive liver resection for hilar bile duct carcinoma with jaundice has high morbidity and mortality rates because of postoperative liver failure. To minimize postoperative liver dysfunction, a portal venous branch was embolized before surgery to induce atrophy of the lobe to be resected and hypertrophy of the contralateral lobe in 14 patients with hilar bile duct carcinoma. Bile was drained before surgery in 11 patients with jaundice. Portal embolization did not produce major side effects, and moderate increases of serum transaminase activity or bilirubin returned to baseline values within 1 week. Hepatectomy with bile duct resection and lymphadenectomy was performed 6 to 41 days after embolization, at which time the embolized lobe was atrophied in 12 of the patients. Extended right or left lobectomy or left trisegmentectomy (10, 3, and 1 cases, respectively) with biliointestinal reconstruction was performed. One patient with jaundice and suppurative cholangitis died 30 days after hepatectomy. Another patient died 3 months after surgery of aggravated hepatitis. After surgery, no bile leakage occurred and hyperbilirubinemia was usually moderate and reversible.
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PMID:Preoperative portal embolization to increase safety of major hepatectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma: a preliminary report. 233 92

Hepatobiliary disorders are well known complications in patients with ulcerative colitis but it is not possible to predict those patients with ulcerative colitis who will eventually develop liver disease. In this study, liver biopsies from 74 patients with ulcerative colitis have been reevaluated. None of the patients showed clinical or biochemical signs of liver disease at the time of biopsy. Thirty seven (50%) had a completely normal liver biopsy. The others showed minimal portal inflammation or fatty infiltration. The biopsies of three patients displayed concentric, periductular fibrosis, or so called 'onion skin' lesions. None showed other signs of fibrosis or cirrhosis. The histological findings were unrelated to either activity or extent of colitis, except for the onion skin lesions which were seen exclusively in biopsies of patients with involvement of the total colon. Sixty eight of the 74 patients were reviewed after a mean interval of 18 years. The majority had no symptoms of hepatobiliary disorders and only two had developed liver disease; one suffered from cryptogenic cirrhosis, possibly due to non-A, non-B hepatitis and the other of an autoimmune liver disease and later developed a bile duct carcinoma. Both were women with total colonic involvement. At the time of the first liver biopsy one showed no histological abnormalities and the other only minor fatty infiltration. Thus, minor abnormalities in liver tissue are common in patients with ulcerative colitis without biochemical evidence of liver disease. The morphological changes are of little help in predicting the future risk of a patient with ulcerative colitis developing a clinically relevant hepatobiliary complication. The absence of biochemical parameters for liver disease during the early years of ulcerative colitis predict a favourable longterm diagnosis as regards hepatobiliary complications.
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PMID:Liver histology and follow up of 68 patients with ulcerative colitis and normal liver function tests. 233 76

In this study, the author intended to examine the validity of the inhaled hydrogen gas clearance method (i-H2) for determination of the hepatic blood flow (HBF), and also to show some applicabilities of the method in experimental animals and patients with liver diseases. Simultaneous determinations of HBF by i-H2 and electromagnetic flowmetry in rabbits revealed an excellent correlation between the values obtained by the two methods. Moreover, HBF in rabbits measured by i-H2 varied in parallel with that by thermocouple flowmetry or laser Doppler velocimetry after administration of norepinephrine, propranolol or glucagon. In carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, HBF measured by i-H2 correlated better with the severity of damage in the sinusoidal structure than the severity of hepatic cell injury or the serum levels of transaminases. HBF as determined by i-H2 was significantly decreased in acute hepatitis (AH), chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH), chronic active hepatitis (CAH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and fatty liver. Reduced HBF in AH returned to normal during recovery of the disease. The ratio of HBF in tumor/normal tissue was greater than 1.0 for hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the ratio of less than 1.0 for metastatic liver carcinoma. Propranolol caused a decrease in HBF by 31%, and vasopressin by 39% in patients with CIH or LC. In contrast, glucagon induced its increase by 65%, 35% and 17%, respectively, in patients with CIH, AH and LC.
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PMID:[Measurement of hepatic blood flow by the hydrogen gas clearance method. Experimental and clinical observations]. 236 96

Fifty-five patients with bile duct carcinoma have been treated at the Vanderbilt University, Metropolitan Nashville General, and Baptist Hospitals since 1957. Thirty-eight per cent (21) of the patients had tumors arising in the upper third of the bile duct; eight (15%) were in the middle third, and ten (18%) were in the lower third. In 12 instances, the malignant process involved both the middle and lower thirds of the bile duct, and in four cases, the extent of the tumor was too great to determine its origin. Most patients (49) presented with jaundice. Thirty (54%) also had pain, and 43 (24%) had experienced some weight loss. Fifteen had hepatomegaly, but only eight were found to have an enlarged gallbladder upon physical exam. Four patients (7%) had a positive history for hepatitis. Resection of the tumor was possible in 19 patients (35%). Decompressive procedures and biopsies were done in 25 of the others. Decompression was not possible in 11 patients. Survival for the 11 patients whose tumors were only biopsied averaged 4.6 months. Of the 25 patients who had palliative decompression, average survival has been 7.7 months. The 19 patients who had resection of their tumors survived an average of 2.08 years. Six of these patients are alive from 1-9 years post-diagnosis. Recently, a more aggressive surgical approach to bile duct carcinoma has been successful and has affected possible cure in ten patients of 19 in whom resection was possible and offered prolonged palliation to many of the other patients.
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PMID:An aggressive surgical approach to bile duct cancer. 242 Feb 44

Clinical and laboratory evidence of an association of oral contraceptive (OC) use with the subsequent development of benign and malignant hepatobiliary neoplasia is growing. The authors present a case in which an adenoma within a large, multicentric anaplastic spindle cell carcinoma occurred in a woman with a long history of OC use. The patient, a 38-year-old gravida 2, para 2, was diagnosed following low-grade fevers and right upper quadrant pain. A partial hepatectomy was performed with no complications; however, a follow-up examination 2 months later revealed widespread intra-abdominal tumor recurrence histologically identical to the original tumor. Immunostaining for alpha 1 antitrypsin and keratin was strongly positive in tumor cells, indicating a biliary derivation. Electron microscopy indicated an epithelial derivation as well, including the presence of intracellular lumens, intermediary filaments, and numerous intercellular junctions. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative in the tumor. The tritiated thymidine labeling index was 5.05%, with an estimated potential doubling time of 11 days. This woman had no history of hepatitis, no family or personal history of neoplasms, and no known hepatotoxin exposure. The only medication used by the patient was Norlestrin, an OC containing 1 mg norethindrone and 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol that she had taken continuously for the past 8 years.
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PMID:Hepatic adenoma within a spindle cell carcinoma in a woman with a long history of oral contraceptives. 243 48

Hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) accounts for over 80% of primary liver tumors. Although relatively uncommon in North America and Europe, hepatocellular carcinoma is the dominant malignant carcinoma in Southeast Asia and South and West Africa. About 80% of the patients have cirrhosis. The tumor has a grim prognosis with an average survival time of 4.5-13 months after the onset of complaints. Beginning with the observation of the striking coincidence of the geographic distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma with the endemic distribution of virus hepatitis, many studies have demonstrated the close correlation of the carcinoma with chronic hepatitis B. In the endemic areas vertical perinatal transmission of the virus from mother to the newborn is an important route of transmission. While only about 10% of infected adults develop HBs antigen carrier status, the carrier rate of perinatal infections is about 95%. In chronic infection the virus DNA can be integrated into the host genome and may become carcinogenic with time. Many studies have substantiated an increased incidence of liver adenoma and resulting complications among women taking oral contraceptives; evidence for a relationship between oral contraceptives and hepatoma has not been established. No increase in hepatoma has been observed among young women following the introduction of oral contraceptives in the USA and in Denmark.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma]. 246 47

Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin increased significantly in patients suffering from liver diseases: hepatoma, amoebic liver abscess, hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of the head of pancreas including liver fluke infection (opisthorchiasis). Marked increase of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were found in cholangiocarcinoma, carcinoma of the head of pancreas, amoebic liver abscess, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatoma. alpha 2-macroglobulin increased markedly in hepatic cirrhosis. The concentrations of protease inhibitors found in opisthorchiasis were only moderately elevated.
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PMID:Serum protease inhibitors in opisthorchiasis, hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and other liver diseases. 246 79

By means of staphylocoagulase, plasma des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) was measured in 255 subjects. Of these, 59 were healthy controls, 100 had primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 33 had cirrhosis of the liver, 16 had hepatitis, 11 had metastatic carcinoma of the liver (MCL), and 36 subjects had previously been treated with anti-vitamin K drugs. The mean plasma DCP level in the healthy subjects was 3.02 VGH U/l. Of PHC patients 80% had DCP levels greater than 6 VGH U/l, which we regarded as probably abnormal. None of the patients with benign liver diseases (cirrhosis of liver or hepatitis) had DCP greater than 10 VGH U/l. Of the patients with MCL 54.54% had DCP greater than 6 VGH U/l. In our study DCP was found to be as sensitive a tumor marker as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of PHC and was better in distinguishing PHC from benign liver disease. Of PHC patients 92% had at least one of the two tumor markers. Simultaneous determination of DCP and AFP should be applied in mass survey programs for detecting PHC, especially in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection.
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PMID:Application of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin as a complementary tumor marker with alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 246 47

Fifty-two (52) patients with nonresectable hepatic-only metastases from colorectal carcinoma (tumor volume less than 75%) were treated by intraarterial FUdR, 0.2 mg/kg/d x 14 days/month (IA) using implantable pumps (Infusaid). They were randomized either for IA or for IA + systemic 5-FU 700 mg/m2/d x 3 days/month (IA/IV). Forty-six (46) patients were evaluable (26 IA; 20 IA/IV). Both groups were comparable in respect to primary tumor stage, age, liver function tests, tumor markers and extent of tumor infiltration. Twenty-six (26) patients (56%) demonstrated a complete (CR) or partial response (PR) with at least a 50% decrease in CEA levels and a significant tumor volume reduction (IA 50%; IA/IV 65%). Quality of response was significantly correlated with median survival (MS) time of 25 months for CR and PR. Approximate MS for IA and IA/IV was 16 and 19.5 months, respectively, and approximate median survival time to extra- and/or intrahepatic progression was 9 months (IA) and 11 months (IA/IV). Incidence of extrahepatic recurrence was not influenced by any treatment (IA 62%; IA/IV 60%). Overall approximate median time to occurrence of extrahepatic disease was 12.5 months (IA 13; IA/IV 10). Liver disease progression was observed in 38 patients (IA 85%; IA/IV 80%). A median time of 8 months to diagnosis of liver disease progression was calculated for IA, and IA/IV was 11.5 months. Incidence of chemical hepatitis for IA and IA/IV was 54 and 45%, while biliary sclerosis occurred in 15% and 10% of the cases, respectively, and did not correlate with response rates. Systemic side effects (25%) were only observed in the IA/IV group and induced significantly more interruptions of therapy than in the IA group. It is concluded from this study that additional systemic 5-FU treatment does not prevent the occurrence of extrahepatic disease under local chemotherapy of the liver.
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PMID:Prevention of extrahepatic disease during intraarterial floxuridine of colorectal liver metastases by simultaneous systemic 5-fluorouracil treatment? A prospective multicenter study. 253 92

In order to clarify the differences in past history, nutritional condition and, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and liver dysfunction between the thorotrast patients who developed primary liver cancer and those who did not, 103 persons who had no primary liver cancer in January 1980 were studied. All subjects were military men who had undergone angiography with thorotrast between 1943 and 1946. Twenty persons developed hepatocellular carcinoma and 16 developed intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma by April 1987, whereas 67 are still alive without any cancer. There was no difference in age or period after thorotrast infusion between those two groups of patients in January 1980. A difference in history of hepatitis and/or jaundice and presence of hepatic dysfunction was found between the subjects who developed primary liver cancers and those who did not. These findings suggest that an anamnestic history of hepatitis and liver dysfunction are risks for development of thorotrast-induced liver cancer. On the basis of the above findings, early detection of liver dysfunction offers a possibility of early diagnosis of primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Comparison of anamnestic history, alcohol intake and smoking, nutritional status, and liver dysfunction between thorotrast patients who developed primary liver cancer and those who did not. 254 55


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