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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), in addition to its association with chronic pulmonary disease, is reported with liver disease. Twenty per cent of Pi-type ZZ AATD infants present with a cholestatic type of neonatal hepatitis and develop a slowly progressive cirrhosis, and most die before adult life. Ten per cent of Pi-type ZZ adults develop cirrhosis. They have an increased frequency of primary liver carcinoma. In Z homozygotes and heterozygotes specific globules, due to accumulation of a type of alpha1-antitrypsin, are seen in liver cells. They are thought not to be hepatotoxic but to render the liver cell more susceptible to damage by an additional factor.
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PMID:Liver pathology in alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. A review. 16 55

Postmortem diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was made over a one-year period in 43 cases, 18 of which also exhibited hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood samples taken from these and 120 other patients who died from other diseases were tested for hepatitis-B antigen (HB-Ag) and its antibodies (HB-AB) by counter-electrophoresis. The types of cirrhosis found were classified on the basis of morphological characteristics and available etiological data. The greater part of controls had had cardiovascular diseases and 32 had had non-hepatic carcinoma. Age limits were similar in the cirrhotic and control groups. HB-Ag was detected in 5 of the 25 subjects with macronodular cirrhosis and in one alcoholic patient among 18 subjects with other types of cirrhosis. The possibility of a coincidental HB virus infection existed in the alcoholic case and in one case of macronodular cirrhosis. Only one patient with liver carcinoma had HB-Ag. Among the 120 controls, HB-Ag and HB-AB were found in a one case. Microscopic lesions did not seem to be related specifically to the presence of HB-Ag in the cirrhotic livers.
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PMID:Hepatitis B antigen in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. 17 69

Eleven specimens of breast lesions obtained from 10 male patients were analyzed for estrogen receptor protein (ERP). Three patients (ages 49, 77, 82 years) had infiltrating duct carcinomas with no axillary metastases. ERP in each of these was positive. Eight specimens with gynecomastia, one of which was obtained from the 77-year-old patient with carcinoma in the same breast, were also analyzed. Of these ERP was positive in a 59-year-old man who had cirrhosis of the liver; two patients with borderline ERP had hepatitis and testicular seminoma, respectively. No relationship between histopathologic features of the lesions and ERP results was found and it is too early to relate these ERP studies to prognosis in these patients. Review of available literature, including our cases, reveals that six of eight male breast carcinomas were ERP-positive.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor protein in lesions of the male breast: a preliminary report. 17 79

The effects of treatments with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) on macaque monkeys were investigated by virus serology and by light and electron microscopy. The experimental groups comprised 43 newborn or juvenile cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys of both sexes. HBV neither had a carcinogenic effect nor increased the oncogenic effect of DENA. However, HBV given to juvenile primates before treatment with DENA resulted in subsequent gross and microscopic alterations consistent with mild hepatitis and postnecrotic cirrhosis; multifocal liver carcinoma apparently developed within these cirrhotic nodules. The pathologic findings in the experimental animals were strikingly similar to those observed in liver cancer patients.
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PMID:Experimental carcinoma of liver in macaque monkeys exposed to diethylnitrosamine and hepatitis B virus. 19 64

A consecutive series of 24 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver in Malawi has been investigated. Histologically, all were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). All patients were African Bantus, the average age was 42.7, and the sex ratio was men 3.5:women 1. The duration of symptoms attributable to HCC was about 5 months previous to admission to hospital and was in no case preceded by clinically manifest cirrhosis. The clinical picture was rather uniform with pain in the region of the liver, emaciation and nodular hepatomegaly as the most important features. One of the patients had repeated attacks of hypoglycaemic coma. Sera from 11 out of 13 patients contained alpha-feto-protein. Hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in the serum were found in 7 and 6 out of 16 and 14 cases respectively. Serum B12 and serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity were moderately raised in most patients. The prognosis was poor, the average time of survival was 4.8 weeks after admission. The cause of death was most frequently hepatic coma. HCC in the African Bantu shows some different features from the same disease in the Western Hemisphere: The incidence is much higher; the patients are younger. The neoplasm commonly develops in a clinically latent cirrhosis. The latter is not caused by alcohol, but is presumably a sequel of hepatitis. It is possible that aflatoxin is the carcinogenic factor, acting more readily in a cirrhotic than in a normal liver.
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PMID:Primary carcinoma of the liver in Malawi: a review of 24 cases. 19 21

Whether a patient develops the HBsAg carrier state may depend on his genome. HBsAg subtypes may reflect the viral genome and may be of prognostic significance. Different subtypes predominate in different populations throughout the world. Altered immune response, as in patients with Down's syndrome, may increase the HBsAg carrier rate. Autoantibodies have been used to differentiate various types of hepatitis. There is an increased incidence of histocompatibility antigen HL-A1 and HL-A8 in patients who have chronic aggressive hepatitis. In primary hepatic carcinoma, the HBsAg carrier rate is increased. Because of the suggestion that neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia and choledochal cyst may all result from infantile obstructive cholangiopathy, with the precise outcome depending on whether other conditions such as alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are also present, we have determined HBsAg in 166 children with a variety of diseases, among them Reye's syndrome, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and renal disorders. The HBsAg carrier rate in the sera of these patients was normal.
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PMID:Genetic factors and autoimmunity in viral hepatitis. 21 41

A characteristic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester hydrolase, alkaline pH optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) was detected in the sera of most patients with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The enzyme was also present in the sera of nine out of 26 patients with cancer of the cervix. N-APase in these cases counted 30-100% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity. N-APase was absent from the sera of healthy individuals and of patients with acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. Only three of 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease showed n-apase activity in the serum. In infectious mononucleosis the presence of N-APase activity was well correlated with the clinical course. In 13 cases studied, the clinical improvement was associated with the decrease or disappearance of N-APase activity. N-APase activity could not be detected in white cells of acute myeloid leukaemic patients, nor in the cells of myeloid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. It was present in the cells of lymphoid blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
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PMID:N-alkaline phosphatase: a potential disease marker for lymphoproliferative disorders. 43 2

Young women who use oral contraceptives over a period of years are prone to the development of hepatic tumors, which must be correctly diagnosed and treated. A 24-year old woman who had used various oral contraceptives (Neogynon 21, Lyndiol, Microgynon) for over 5 years developed a hepatocellular carcinoma of the left hepatic lobe. The diagnosis was reached on the basis of laboratory tests as well as the results of laparoscopic, angiographic, x-ray, sonographic, and scintigrammic examinations. An attempt to remove the tumor surgically resulted in a fatal mass bleeding. No metastiasis of the carcinoma could be established. An examination of the liver revealed an Australia-antigen-positive, chronic-aggressive hepatitis.
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PMID:[Malignant liver tumor after oral contraception]. 45

The clinical course and prognosis of hepatic coma were examined in 102 patients treated in the period from 1958 to 1975. The diagnoses included 9 fulminant hepatitis, 7 subacute hepatitis, 53 liver cirrhosis without liver carcinoma (40 cases of the acute type, 10 cases of the chronic type and 3 cases of another type, according to Sherlock's classification of hepatic coma) and 33 liver cirrhosis with primary liver carcinoma. Four of 9 fulminant hepatitis patients gained consciousness within 1 week and recovered completely. Seven subacute hepatitis patients died within 2 weeks after onset of hepatic coma. In the period from 1958 to 1969, 20% of liver cirrhosis patients with the acute type of coma recovered from coma, and in the period from 1970 to 1975, 45% of patients recovered. Seven of 10 patients with the chronic type of coma died between 4 months and 9 years after the onset of coma. Three other patients are presently still alive. The median survival time was 2.5 years. Nine primary liver carcinoma patients with coma were hospitalized from 1958 to 1969 and 24 from 1970 to 1975. Hepatorenal syndrome was present in 31 of 71 examined patients. Twenty-three patients with hepatorenal syndrome were in the period from 1970 to 1975.
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PMID:Clinical course and prognosis of one hundred and two patients with hepatic coma 1958 through 1975. 59 69

The diagnosis of viral hepatitis was not confirmed in 2976 (22.79%) out of the admitted to the hospital patients for a period of 15 years. What impresses is the percentage growth for the last several years, reaching to 30. This, on one hand is associated with the greater exigence of HEI and with the strong fear of that disease as well as with the improved diagnostic possibilities of the infectious diseases wards on the other. In fact, almost all patients with icterus were admitted to infectious diseases wards, where the differential diagnosis of icterus was made. The first place among the false diagnoses is occupied by liver-bile diseases, progressing with icterus-50.81%, (cholelithiasis-29%, carcinoma-11%, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, steatosis, cholangiohepatitis, pancreatitis, etc-10.8%). Second, according to incidence, come the gastrointestinal diseases-13.51%, grippe and grippe-like diseases-13.44%, lung diseases-5.21%, blood-3.80%, heart-3.16%, toxic hepatitis 3.26%, etc. Thirty cases of infectious mononucleosis with icterus are reported as well as 17 patients with liver etzymopathies, syndrome of Dublin--Johnson--6 and Gilbert--Meulengracht syndrome--11. Viral hepatitis diagnosis is not always easy and in many cases it requires a complex of laboratory and other investigations and many years of experience. However, the false diagnosis could be reduced with more than a half with the careful consideration of the epidemic situation, anamnestic and clinical data.
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PMID:[Diagnostic problems of viral hepatitis]. 89 23


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