Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed the records of all patients with a diagnosis of malignancy who were treated at our center and who had not had chemotherapy for at least 18 months, to assess the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative hepatitis, to assess the prevalence of a marker of hepatitis C virus infection, and to determine the severity of chronic liver disease. Of 557 eligible patients, 38 (6.8%) had chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Of these 38 patients, 20 (52.6%) had a marker of hepatitis C virus infection. The prevalence of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis was higher in patients previously treated for leukemia than in patients treated for another malignancy (11.8% vs 4.6%; p = 0.004). The liver biopsy revealed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis or both in 8 (28%) of 28 patients with clinical chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis. Four patients without hepatitis C virus infection who underwent liver biopsy had hepatitis B virus antigen in the liver, confirmed by immunohistochemistry studies. One patient uninfected with hepatitis C virus had hemochromatosis. We conclude that infection with hepatitis C virus was the major cause of chronic HBsAg-negative hepatitis in pediatric patients previously treated for malignancy; the cause remained unidentified in 30% of the patients.
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PMID:Chronic hepatitis B surface antigen-negative hepatitis after treatment of malignancy. 132 Jun 73

Sera of patients with chronic hepatitis and chronic haemodialysed uraemia were tested for both Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis Delta virus markers from 1985. Hepatitis Delta virus seroconversion was found in 10 of 88 haemodialysed patients and anti-Delta-IgG sero-positivity in 11 of 108 chronic hepatitis patients. The clinical course of Delta superinfections in haemodialysed patients was as follows: 3 infections were symptomless, 7 patients had acute hepatitis, two of the latter group died because of fulminant hepatitis. Of the 11 HBsAg and anti-Delta-IgG positive chronic hepatitis patients 3 had primary hepatocellular cancer.
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PMID:[Delta virus infection in hemodialyzed kidney patients and patients with chronic liver diseases]. 132 98

Amongst 17 patients with hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) encountered at Westmead Hospital between 1981 and 1990, FNH was found in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in three (3/17), one male and two females, one of whom also had peliosis and an hepatic adenoma. FNH was also found in association with other conditions which may affect hepatic function, structure or circulation, including chronic obstructive airways disease (2), congestive cardiomyopathy (1), chronic active hepatitis (1), granulomatous hepatitis (1), coeliac artery stenosis (1) and metastatic malignant melanoma (1). This report, derived from our experience with FNH over 10 years draws attention to a possible link between FNH, hepatic malignancy and conditions which may disturb the hepatic circulation. We suggest that patients with FNH should be investigated thoroughly and an aggressive management policy should be adopted.
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PMID:Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: a benign incidentaloma or a marker of serious hepatic disease? 132 5

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the results of 1102 primary liver cancer (PLC) patients who underwent liver resection in the past thirty years and to research some effective approaches for improving the longterm effect of PLC treatment. Ninety five percent were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 85.2% with cirrhosis of hepatitis and 25.6% with tumor equal to or smaller than 5 cm in diameter. The mortality rate (MR) within 1 month after operation was 1.8%, the operative MR was 8.8% before 1977 and only 0.4% after that. The total 5-year survival rate (SR) was 28.4% while in the group of small tumor (less than or equal to 5 cm), it was 75.0%. Our experience is as follows: (1) Early diagnosis and early resection of PLC is the key point for improving the operative result of long-term survival. In 282 cases of small cancer, tumor resection rate was 90.0%. Of 48 cases with tumor equal to or smaller than 3 cm in diameter, the 5-year SR was 83.3%. (2) Rehepatectomy for recurrent liver cancer is an important approach for improving the surgical result. In our series, recurrent rate within 5 years postoperation was 72.3% in larger tumor group and 34.5% in small tumors. There were 78 cases undergoing reoperation in a total number of 170 times of rehepatectomy with 54.7% of 5-year SR, after the 1st operation and 34.6% after the 2nd one. (3) For unresectable large tumors, two-stage operation is an important development in liver surgery. We had 26 cases of such patients with 60.0% of 5-year SR. (4) Improvement of operating techniques plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications, lowering operative mortality and obtaining better operative result. (5) Postoperative comprehensive treatment is also important for solidating operative effect and preventing tumor recurrence.
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PMID:Surgical approaches for improving the operating results of primary liver cancer. 132 42

Viral diseases of relevance to dentistry have recently been reviewed with respect to human immunodeficiency virus disease, other immunocompromised persons, oral malignancies, infection control, and antiviral therapy. This review discusses the most recent advances in the understanding of aspects of human immunodeficiency virus relevant to dentistry and relevant aspects of the herpesviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis viruses, and other viruses. Further detail is available in other recent reviews.
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PMID:Viral infections in dentistry. 132 93

In order to clarify the significance of mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the genesis and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an aflatoxin B1 low-exposure area, the spectrum, i.e., incidence, type, and site, of p53 gene mutations was examined in 169 tissue samples resected mainly from Japanese patients using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Forty-nine tumors (29%) showed a p53 mutation (39 point mutations and 10 frameshifts). The point mutations comprised 18 transitions, only 4 of which occurred at CpG sites, and 21 transversions. Two evolutionarily conserved domains, IV and V, contained 65% of all mutations and codon 249 was the most frequent mutation site (7/49). The spectrum of p53 mutation did not differ among HCCs in relation to the type of hepatitis virus infection, sex, age, and background liver disease of patients, tumor size, or presence of metastasis, but incidence and site were significantly associated with the degree of differentiation of cancer cells. In poorly differentiated HCC, p53 mutation was frequent (54%) and clustered on domains IV and V, whereas in well or moderately differentiated HCC, the mutation was less frequent (21%) and equally distributed on domains II to V. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p in 55 (69%) of 80 informative cases and in 34 (95%) of 36 cases with p53 mutation. Therefore, p53 gene mutation is suggested to occur independently of the type of viral infection or status of preexisting liver disease and to occur preferentially in moderately and poorly differentiated HCCs in association with or after loss of another p53 allele as a late event of HCC progression.
Cancer Res 1992 Nov 15
PMID:p53 gene mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 Feb 91

The influence of viremia on hepatic injury in patients infected with hepatitis C virus was examined by analysis of the relationship between alanine aminotransferase activity and the amount of hepatitis C virus RNA in sequential serum samples from I untreated patient with acute hepatitis C and 3 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C. Semiquantitative analysis by the competitive-reverse-transcription/polymerase-chain-reaction method indicated that the quantity of hepatitis C virus RNA in the serum affected the disease activities of acute and chronic hepatitis C through their natural clinical courses in all these patients. The nucleotide sequence encoding the putative envelope region of the viral genome in the patient with acute hepatitis C was examined. Blood samples taken serially at 2 times of exacerbation of the hepatitis revealed 2 nucleotide mutations, resulting in changes of predicted amino acid residues. This finding suggests that nucleotide mutations in the envelope region of the viral genome may be responsible for the recurrent hepatic injury attributed to recurrence of viremia in patients with hepatitis C. From these aspects, the serial divergence of the virus genome in infected individuals, especially in the region encoding the viral envelope protein, may possibly play an important role in developing chronic infection of hepatitis C virus.
Int J Cancer 1992 Nov 11
PMID:Correlation between the serum level of hepatitis C virus RNA and disease activities in acute and chronic hepatitis C. 133 Sep 30

One of the major debates in hepatocellular carcinogenesis at present is whether the hepatitis-B and -C viruses are directly carcinogenic or exert their effect indirectly by causing chronic necro-inflammatory hepatic disease, which in turn is responsible for malignant transformation of hepatocytes. This debate has been fueled by the observation that hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus with no precedent for inducing cancer but with a marked propensity to cause chronic necro-inflammatory hepatic disease and by the findings in Chisari's transgenic mouse model, which suggest that severe and prolonged hepatocellular injury per se induces a proliferative response that progresses to tumour formation. Recent reports of a guanine to thymine mutation of the third base of codon 249 of the tumour suppressor gene, p53, in 50% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in regions of high aflatoxin exposure, and mutagenic experiments showing that aflatoxin B1 binds particularly to guanine residues in G-C-rich domains and that codon 249 is a preferred target have suggested a mechanism whereby aflatoxin might induce malignant transformation.
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PMID:Tumours of the liver. 133 85

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan has increased over the past two decades. Of the 379 patients with HCC treated at Shinshu University Hospital over the past 20 years, 112 underwent treatment between 1971 and 1980 and 267 were treated between 1981 and 1990. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus-associated HCC and hepatitis C virus-associated HCC was 54% and 34%, respectively, during the first decade and 31% and 60%, respectively, during the second decade. Major factors contributing to the increased incidence of HCC include an increase in the incidence of type C chronic hepatitis and an increase in the incidence of cirrhosis of the liver, which in turn are the result of blood transfusions received about 30 years ago. Donated blood testing positive for hepatitis C virus antibody is currently rejected from the blood supply. However, the occurrence of post-transfusion hepatitis with the potential to develop into HCC has not been entirely eliminated. In addition, there is an as yet unelucidated route of horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992
PMID:Clinical aspects and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. 133 1

Hepatitis B virus is a major etiologic agent in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma, but the precise role of the virus in the tumorigenic process is still unclear. Recent studies of naturally occurring animal models, such as woodchucks and squirrels infected with hepatitis B-like viruses (hepadnaviruses) have revealed different oncogenic strategies and outlined the predominant role of myc genes in rodent hepatomas. Higher oncogenicity of woodchuck hepatitis virus has been correlated with a direct contribution of the virus as an insertional mutagen of myc genes: c-myc, N-myc and predominantly the woodchuck N-myc retroposon. In contrast, rare viral integration events but frequent amplifications of c-myc characterize ground squirrel hepatitis virus-induced tumors, indicating that hepadnaviruses may contribute in malignant transformation through different, direct or indirect ways.
Semin Cancer Biol 1992 Oct
PMID:Mammalian hepatitis B viruses and primary liver cancer. 133 94


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