Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relative frequency of causes of cholestatic disorders of infancy in a developing area was established in a prospective study. During a 10-year period, 145 infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia were investigated. Intrahepatic disorders accounted for 68 per cent with no identifiable cause (idiopathic hepatitis) in the majority. Syphilis, urinary tract infection and septicaemia together made up 30 per cent of intrahepatic causes with metabolic disorders accounting for 12 per cent. Outcome in those with idiopathic hepatitis, and those treated for syphilis and UTI was relatively good. Complete recovery from syphilitic hepatitis on average took 11 months. Extrahepatic disorders occurred in 32 per cent and were almost entirely due to biliary atresia. Results of hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia were poor because of late referral in many instances. Compared to developed countries, infantile cholestasis in developing areas is more commonly associated with treatable bacterial infection. Referring agencies should be aware of this fact and the need for early referral of cases with possible biliary atresia.
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PMID:Cholestatic disorders of infancy--aetiology and outcome. 228 92

Visual inspection of stools for the presence or absence of bile pigment was evaluated prospectively to determine its value in differentiating between biliary atresia and hepatitis. In a group of 23 infants with prolonged neonatal cholestasis the presence of stool pigment excluded extrahepatic biliary atresia, while its absence was suggestive of extrahepatic biliary atresia. This simple test was found to be more reliable than more sophisticated diagnostic techniques.
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PMID:Visual stool examination--a screening test for infants with prolonged neonatal cholestasis. 232 Nov 6

The size and arrangement of each component of pancreaticobiliary ductal junction was investigated in 28 cases with biliary atresia in which cholangiography allowed visualization of the common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and duodenum and in which relevant data were available. As controls, seven cases of neonatal hepatitis and eight cases of intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia were also studied. The following results were obtained. (1) The diameter of the common bile duct was shortest in biliary atresia, the value corresponding to about one-third of that for neonatal hepatitis. (2) The common bile duct was visualized in 100% of cases of intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia and 78% of cases of biliary atresia, whereas the corresponding percentage was only 43% for neonatal hepatitis. The mean length of the common channel in cases of biliary atresia and that of intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia was about 5 mm, which was longer than that of neonatal hepatitis. (3) The pancreatic duct type, in which the pancreatic duct merged into the bile duct, was frequent in cases of biliary atresia.
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PMID:Cholangiographic study of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction in biliary atresia. 235 94

To characterize type and age distribution of malnutrition and to determine the usefulness of anthropometric indices in children with chronic liver disease (CLD), 56 children (aged 1 mo-10 y) with CLD underwent anthropometric evaluation when they were clinically stable. Mean-height Z score was depressed, whereas mean-weight Z score was closer to normal and mean-weight/height Z score was normal in patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, and other liver disorders. Patients with arteriohepatic dysplasia showed more severe depression of all three variables. In all patients, triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness Z scores were significantly more depressed than were weight/height Z scores. Depressions of midarm-circumference and midarm-muscle-area Z scores were intermediate. Mean-head-circumference Z score was depressed in children aged less than 24 mo. We conclude that acute (wasting) and chronic (stunting) malnutrition are common in childhood CLD and that weight/height values underestimate the degree of acute malnutrition compared with TSF thickness, most likely because of the inflated patient weight caused by organomegaly.
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PMID:Anthropometric evaluation of children with chronic liver disease. 237 85

The dearth of plasma alpha fetoprotein reference ranges for preterm infants often impairs the clinical interpretation of plasma alpha fetoprotein data collected from ill babies. This study tested our hypothesis that meaningful plasma reference ranges could be established for preterm infants by a simple correction of patient age at sampling date for gestational age deficit at birth. Using a modified radioimmunoassay kit method, determinations of alpha fetoprotein were performed on capillary and venous blood samples collected from 56 babies aged from birth to 5 months with gestational ages ranging from 26 weeks to 43 weeks. Unmodified plasma alpha fetoprotein values were grouped according to patient age and examined statistically using established normal theory methods, but these yielded excessively wide reference intervals and non-Gaussian distribution parameters. Acceptable reference ranges were derived using logarithmic transformation of plasma alpha fetoprotein values and rearrangement against patient age corrected for gestational age deficit. These provisional reference ranges for plasma alpha fetoprotein in preterm (and term) infants are applied to groups of previously meaningless alpha fetoprotein results and used to test the potential usefulness of plasma alpha fetoprotein determination as a diagnostic marker in biliary atresia, hepatitis, and yolk sac derived tumours.
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PMID:Plasma alpha fetoprotein reference ranges in infancy: effect of prematurity. 243 23

Children suffering from alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency hepatopathies, autoimmune hepatitis and from extrahepatic biliary atresia are cared for with the aim of rendering possible a liver transplant in case of liver insufficiency. Among the laboratory parameters signalling hepatic insufficiency the increase in the indirect bilirubin as well as the decrease of cholinesterase activity and the Quick are of great importance. So far it has not been possible to generalize from the data obtained from the longitudinal examination of patients in order to predict the prognosis of severe hepatopathies.
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PMID:[Management of children with fatal liver diseases with reference to eventual liver transplantation]. 246 7

Hepatoblastoma differs from the adult type of hepatoma in clinical and pathologic features. The ratio of fucosylation of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined in seven patients with hepatoblastoma and in 21 infants and children with otherwise elevated serum AFP, using the improved technique of lentil agglutinin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis. The clinical data for the seven patients with hepatoblastoma were also reviewed. The ratio of fucosylation of AFP was significantly higher in all seven patients with hepatoblastoma, whereas it was minimal in all other cases of benign hepatic conditions such as neonatal hepatitis or biliary atresia, as well as in normal newborns. The ratio of fucosylation in hepatoblastoma, however, definitely decreased with the age of the patient at presentation. This finding suggests a correlation between fucosylation and a rapid rate of tumor growth, because all hepatoblastomas are believed to originate early in fetal life.
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PMID:The ratio of fucosylation of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatoblastoma. 247 Apr 90

A sensitive new technique for lectin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis was applied to samples from 28 infants and children in order to distinguish the origin of elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera. This new immunoelectrophoresis was successfully performed within 24 hours in sera with AFP as small as 910 ng/mL. With combined use of concanavalin A (Con A) and lentil agglutinin (LCH) binding tests, AFPs were classified into three subtypes: benign hepatic condition type (six patients), hepatocellular carcinoma type (nine patients) and yolk sac type (12 patients). AFP was of hepatocellular carcinoma type in all seven patients with hepatoblastoma, and of benign hepatic condition type in six of seven patients with elevated AFP due to conditions such as hepatitis, biliary atresia, and normal newborn. The question as to whether AFP produced in "hepatoblastoma" is of benign hepatic condition type or hepatocellular carcinoma type was first answered by the information in this present report. The differentiation between yolk sac and general hepatic AFPs was completed with the Con A binding test.
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PMID:Three different types of alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of malignant solid tumors: use of a sensitive lectin-affinity immunoelectrophoresis. 247 22

Between 1-1-1982 and 1-1-1988 52 children with an end-stage liver disease were evaluated to determine whether orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) would be appropriate. 24 children were accepted as candidates in the long term. Twelve were not accepted as potential recipients. The parents of 3 decided not to accept OLT as treatment for their children. Two children died before a suitable donor liver was available, so that OLT was carried out in 11 children. Two of these children needed a second transplant. In 3 children only a part of a donor liver was transplanted. Shortage of donor livers of small size is partly alleviated by using a part of a larger liver. The underlying diseases of the transplanted children were cryptogenic cirrhosis (1x), biliary atresia with a hepatoportoenterostomy (8x) and cirrhosis following neonatal hepatitis (2x). Ten children with OLT are clinically and physically well. Postoperatively a primary graft dysfunction occurred in one child. He was retransplanted. The median waiting time for a donor liver was 5 months. The timing for OLT has to take this in account. In treating children with end-stage liver disease (partial) OLT should be considered.
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PMID:[Orthotopic liver transplantation in children]. 250 30

Severe neonatal cholestasis is a clinical problem requiring a differential diagnosis of intra- (hepatitis) and extrahepatic (biliary atresia) causes, prognosis and therapy being different in the two cases. Eighteen patients of pediatric age underwent US and hepatobiliary scintigraphy. US findings were aspecific in both hepatitis and biliary atresia. In the 11 patients with hepatitis, hepatobiliary scintigraphy after phenobarbital revealed labeled bile in the bowel. Only in 1 patient with cytomegalovirus hepatitis was a scintigraphic pattern similar to that of biliary atresia. On the contrary, no intestinal radioactivity within 24 hours was seen in 6 patients with biliary atresia. A portoenterostomy (Kasai's operation) was performed on 4/6 cases with biliary atresia. These patients were followed with hepatobiliary scintigraphy in order to evaluate anastomotic functionality. In a case of biliary cirrhosis secondary to occlusion, orthotopic liver transplantation was performed whose success was scintigraphically monitored. Our results point to hepatobiliary scintigraphy after phenobarbital as the best noninvasive procedure for both diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of biliary atresia. Labeled bile excretion within 24 hours was rarely found in both atresia and neonatal hepatitis.
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PMID:[Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the study of neonatal hepatic cholestasis]. 251 35


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