Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon passive autoimmune disease in which there is transplacental passage of anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB or anti-U1RNP maternal autoantibodies. Its common clinical manifestations include cardiac disease, notably congenital heart block, cutaneous lupus lesions, and hematologic problems. During the past decade, it has become clear that hepatobiliary disease may also occur as a manifestation of neonatal lupus erythematosus. We report a case of neonatal lupus erythematosus in a male infant who had lupus hepatitis with jaundice in addition to cutaneous lupus, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Other diseases in the differential diagnosis of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, including metabolic, infectious, and inherited anatomic conditions were all ruled out. The infant had a high titer of antinuclear antibodies (titer 1:640) with a speckled pattern, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies, and no anti-dsDNA antibodies. Treatment with prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) for 14 days resulted in dramatic improvement of the thrombocytopenia. Hemoglobin and bilirubin returned to normal 2 months later, and transaminases were normal by 10 months of age.
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PMID:Neonatal lupus erythematosus with cholestatic hepatitis. 1518 98

WF 10 [TCDO, Oxoferin, Immunokine, Macrokine] is a 1:10 dilution of tetrachlorodecaoxide formulated for IV delivery. It was developed by Oxo Chemie in Switzerland as an adjunctive therapy to combination antiretroviral and opportunistic infection prophylaxis regimens in AIDS patients. WF 10 specifically targets macrophages. Oxo Chemie has worldwide patent rights to WF 10 and Dimethaid Research has an exclusive licence for marketing and distribution in Canada. In May 2002, Oxo Chemie was acquired by Dimethaid Research. Oxo completed a trial in 72 cervical cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy in 1989. Results from this trial demonstrated complete remission in 75% of patients receiving WF 10. A follow-up placebo controlled trial in 1996 produced similar results. WF 10 has received regulatory approval in Thailand for postradiation cystitis following a trial completed in 1998 in 20 patients following radiation treatment for cervical carcinoma. This authorisation also allows limited availability of WF 10 at the physician's request in Germany. WF 10 is also available under Health Canada's Special Access Program. Oxo Chemie has completed a controlled randomised, crossover study in France in 1991 that examined the effects of 103 patients with acute radiation dermatitis and radiation- or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Results demonstrated that WF 10 significantly improved lesions and accelerated recovery without side effects. Topical tetrachlorodecaoxide in a less concentrated formulation (1:55) is marketed in many countries as Oxoferin for wound healing. WF 10 is approved for use in Thailand under the name IMMUNOKINE in patients with postradiation chronic inflammatory disease including cystitis, proctitis and mucositis. In July 2003, the European examiners informed Oxo Chemie that they intend to grant the company additional patents to the technology platform that supports WF 10, extending the European protection granted in 1992 to cover a much broader range of diseases. The patents will be granted in Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Patent claims cover potential treatment for autoimmune disease, organ transplant or graft rejection, lymphoma and inflammation manifested as hepatitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:WF 10: Macrokine, TCDO, tetrachlorodecaoxide. 1523 Jun 35

Autoimmune hepatitis affects all ages with a peak incidence in preadolescent girls. The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis has not been defined. Susceptibility, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcomes are affected by environmental factors, individual immunoregulatory responses, genetic factors, age and gender. An international panel has developed diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis, and a scoring system to assess the strength of the diagnosis has also been proposed. This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of the three types of autoimmune hepatitis proposed based on characteristic autoantibody profiles, as well as de novo autoimmune hepatitis, a new type of autoimmune hepatitis that has been recently described in liver transplant recipients without previous autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Autoimmune hepatitis. 1527 61

Although recurrent hepatitis C (HCV) occurs universally after liver transplantation (LT), its tempo and severity are variable and unpredictable. Diagnosis and treatment of early acute rejection (EAR) likely affect the course of recurrent HCV disease. We have studied a contemporary cohort of LT recipients to reexamine risk factors for EAR. We hypothesized that HCV etiology may represent a significant risk factor for EAR for many reasons. First, recurrent disease commonly causes biochemical abnormalities prompting allograft biopsy. Second, overlapping histologic features of acute rejection and recurrent HCV ambiguity may result in diagnostic ambiguity. Finally, the biology of hepatitis may precipitate an antidonor response in addition to an antiviral response. Records of 285 adult recipients undergoing primary LT for cirrhosis between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2002, were retrospectively reviewed. EAR was defined as a biopsy-proven or an empirically treated episode within 6 months of LT. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified donor, recipient, transplant, and posttransplant characteristics associated with EAR; Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess rejection by etiology. HCV cirrhosis was the etiology for 51% of all LT recipients. There were 135 episodes of EAR (127 biopsy proven) in 117 recipients for an overall incidence of 41%. Patient groups with HCV and cholestatic / autoimmune disease groups exhibited the highest incidence of rejection at 49%. Recipient gender, ethnicity, etiology, LT year, and posttransplant immunosuppression levels were risk factors for EAR in univariate analysis; HCV etiology and female gender remained robust risk factors in multivariate analysis. Interferon-based therapy did not impact the incidence or timing of EAR. In conclusion, HCV etiology is strongly associated with EAR. HCV allograft reinfection may create an immunologic environment predisposed to EAR. Alternatively, the association of HCV and EAR may result from an increased frequency of allograft biopsy and may be further exacerbated by inability to accurately diagnose EAR in the setting of recurrent HCV.
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PMID:Hepatitis C etiology of liver disease is strongly associated with early acute rejection following liver transplantation. 1539 Mar 22

Exposure to occupationally relevant concentrations of the environmental pollutant, trichloroethylene (TCE), in the drinking water of autoimmune-prone MRL+/+ mice has been shown to promote the generation of lupus and autoimmune hepatitis in association with the activation of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4+ T cells. Since blocking TCE metabolism suppressed the TCE-induced alteration in immune function, the present study was initiated to determine whether the major metabolites of TCE, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate (TCAH) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) could also mediate these immunoregulatory affects in vivo. TCAH and TCA were administered to the drinking water of MRL+/+ mice for 4 weeks. CD4+ T cells from TCAH and TCA-treated MRL+/+ mice, unlike CD4+ T cells from control mice, demonstrated functional and phenotypic signs of activation, as evidenced by increased IFN-gamma production in association with the increased percentage of CD62L(lo) CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, it was also found that the CD4+ T cells from the TCAH and TCA-treated mice showed a decreased susceptibility to the activation-induced cell death (AICD) form of apoptosis following re-stimulation in vitro. By demonstrating that TCAH and TCA can activate CD4+ T cells and inhibit their apoptosis following in vivo exposure represents a mechanism by which environmental toxicants may induce or accelerate the development of autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Activation and attenuation of apoptosis of CD4+ T cells following in vivo exposure to two common environmental toxicants, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate and trichloroacetic acid. 1550 92

Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with different autoimmune manifestations. The authors describe a girl who developed a severe systemic autoimmune disease with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia, mild autoimmune thrombopenia, antineutrophil antibodies, and fatal autoimmune hepatitis after EBV infection. Despite immunosuppressive treatment and ultimately liver transplantation, this patient could not overcome her clinical condition and died. The etiopathogenesis of this complex disease and the association with EBV infection is discussed.
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PMID:Severe systemic autoimmune disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. 1559 6

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug used most successfully as a primary drug to suppress the rejection of transplants. Tacrolimus may also be useful as a novel therapy for autoimmune disease. There are various reports in the bibliography about the use of tacrolimus in the treatment of some autoimmune diseases: inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, cutaneous, neurologic, renal, endocrine or eye disease. In this review of more than 130 papers, we discuss the rationale for the use of tacrolimus in autoimmune disease and report the clinical experience with the drug in the management of a variety of autoimmune diseases. But, although there are a lot questions that require future research (dose, duration of treatment, when to begin tacrolimus treatment, how to monitor it, etc.), there is also wide experience with tacrolimus in the treatment of this type of disease.
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PMID:[Treatment with tacrolimus in autoimmune diseases]. 1562 22

In face of numerous benefits induced by therapy based on interferon (IFN) associated with ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, there is an increasing concern regarding its tolerance, which can, in some cases, reduce the quality of life as well as compliance of patients. Among the less common side effects, there are the autoimmune ones which can be globally divided into appearance or increase in titres of auto-antibodies and/or manifestation of overt autoimmune pathologies. Whereas the former may concern more than 50% of treated subjects, the latter is reported in only 1-2% of patients under therapy. Thyroid dysfunction represents the well-studied autoimmune disorder. The presence of pre-existing anti-thyroid antibodies and being of female sex, constitute relevant risk factors for the development of a disease involving this gland. Often the treatment of thyropathy must be continuous in spite of IFN discontinuation because the disturbance usually does not abate with stopping antiviral therapy. Some observations have pointed out to the fact that IFN can lead to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sometimes, during, as well as after IFN treatment, the appearance of anti-islet cell antibodies has been shown, but its interrelationship with the development of disease is uncertain. While being treated with IFN for chronic hepatitis C, the finding of non-organ specific antibodies at baseline can increase the likelihood of the development of autoimmune hepatitis. However, their presence does not constitute an absolute contraindication to the treatment, except in case of high titre. Other disorders, such as a lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia have been reported. In conclusion, although the presence of auto-antibodies is considered to be an epiphenomenon without pathogenic significance in most patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C, it poses a problem when they need to be treated with IFN. This antiviral drug can induce or exacerbate a multitude of autoimmune-related disorders, however, clinically overt immune-mediated diseases are rare and affect a subset of subjects who have an underlying autoimmune diathesis.
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PMID:Autoimmune manifestations during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: the hepatologist's view. 1575 46

Autoimmune regulator gene mutations were identified in 3 children with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and extrahepatic immune diseases, including 1 child with immune hepatitis recurrence after liver transplantation. These findings suggest that autoimmune regulator gene variants might predispose children to systemic autoimmune disease, a recurrence of immune disease, or both.
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PMID:Detection of autoimmune regulator gene mutations in children with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and extrahepatic immune-mediated diseases. 1597 29

Gluten enteropathy is a chronic all-life disease, characterized by typical inflammatory changes of the small bowel mucosa. It is the genetically determined autoimmune disease with permanent intolerance to gluten. Its clinical signs are very heterogeneous and also the severity of intestinal changes varies considerably. It frequently presents with atypical symptoms, as many as 80% of adult patients have no gastrointestinal troubles at all. The present estimated prevalence is 1:200 - 1:250. The diagnosis is based on criteria of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition revised in 1990, above all on the detection of serum antibodies to endomysium and tissue transglutaminase. The five forms are distinguished: classic, subclinical, latent, potential and silent. Coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis are considered to be two identical forms of the gluten enteropathy manifestations. Coeliac disease is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases--diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyreoiditis, hepatitis, IgA deficiency. Permanent gluten free diet is the cornerstone of the therapy; untreated gluten enteropathy is a serious illness, considered to be a significant precancerosis.
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PMID:[Gluten enteropathy--occurrence, diagnosis, therapy]. 1598 87


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