Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with portal hypertension without a demonstrable cause have been reported in the literature under several different terms, such as tropical splenomegaly, phlebosclerosis, obliterative portal venopathy of the liver, hepatoportal sclerosis, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Such patients have been described worldwide, with a greater frequency in India and Japan. The etiology of IPH is still unknown, although some of the theories that have been proposed are: exposure to toxic substances or drugs, relationship with the hepatitis-B virus, immunologic abnormalities, systemic or intra-abdominal infections and clotting abnormalities. The main histopathologic findings are periportal fibrosis, obliteration of small portal veins and sclerosis of the interhepatic portal system. Although these abnormalities could be secondary to portal hypertension, it has been proposed that the vascular changes are the primary event that leads to portal hypertension. The site of increased resistance in IPH is found at the presinusoidal level with some component at the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal level. The main symptoms and signs in IPH are upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding secondary to esophago-gastric varices, symptoms related to anemia, and splenomegaly. The long-term prognosis for patients with IPH is better than for cirrhotic patients, with a 77% survival at ten years. Variceal bleeding is the main cause of death, and some treatment to prevent bleeding or its recurrence is warranted. Although no comparative trial has been performed in IPH patients, the surgical management could be the first choice for elective treatment in these patient without liver failure, because of the high re-bleeding rates with chronic sclerotherapy. Pharmacologic management could be considered for prophylactic treatment of these patients.
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PMID:[Idiopathic portal hypertension]. 186 3

We report a rare case who developed pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and pseudothrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis. A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of acute hepatitis A. On the 22nd hospital day, normocytic normochromic anemia without reticulocytosis was developed. A bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroid hypoplasia with a small percentage of proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts, but almost complete absence of polychromatophilic and orthochromic erythroblasts. This case was diagnosed as PRCA characterized by the maturation arrest of erythropoiesis. Anemia was spontaneously recovered following marked reticulocytosis. Afterward, transient EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia developed for 3 months. The serum taken during the acute phase of clearly inhibited BFU-E colony formation. This data suggests that some humoral factor in the serum of this patient may be involved in the pathogenesis of PRCA.
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PMID:[Pure red cell aplasia and pseudothrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis A]. 190 78

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and severe giant cell hepatitis is an very uncommon association. Two patients aged 5 months and 2 years developed severe anemia, jaundice, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Laboratory tests demonstrated autoimmune hemolytic anemia and elevated amino-transferases. Diffuse giant cell transformation and distorted architecture was seen in liver biopsy. One patient had a cytomegalovirus infection. Early steroid therapy did not prevent fatal course with liver failure in one patient.
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PMID:[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with severe giant cell hepatitis]. 204 9

A variety of side effects have been reported with the use of interleukin-2 alone or in combination with lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with disseminated neoplasms. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of high-dose interleukin-2 administration in normal rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with intravenous recombinant interleukin-2 (900,000 IU/kg/day) for 9 consecutive days. Animals were placed in individual metabolic cages, and arterial blood pressure, food intake, body weight, and urine output were monitored. On day 10, animals were killed by exsanguination, various tissues were harvested, and a variety of hematologic and chemical assays were performed. The results were compared with those of placebo-injected normal control and pair-fed groups. The interleukin-2-treated group exhibited anorexia, weight loss, hypotension, anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, hypercalcemia, azotemia, and a marked urinary concentration defect. Histologic examination of various tissues revealed widespread infiltration with mono-nuclear cells and eosinophils in most organs, especially in the lungs and liver of interleukin-2-treated animals. Other abnormalities included severe panlobular hepatitis, hepatocellular necrosis, and thymic involution. Renal involvement was mild and consisted of focal interstitial infiltration by mononuclear cells. According to these observations, administration of high-dose interleukin-2 in normal rats results in a score of significant functional, biochemical, and histologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Functional, biochemical, and histopathologic consequences of high-dose interleukin-2 administration in rats. 206 48

The surgeon has to keep abreast of changing advantages and disadvantages as well as alternatives in the context of homologous blood transfusions. We ought to realise that normovolaemic anaemia is better tolerated than we used to assume in the past. It is no longer necessary to provide transfusions to patients with 10 g/% Hb. About 8 g/% should rather be considered the adequate threshold. Possible transmission of hepatitis and AIDS virus is a genuine risk associated with blood transfusion. No hard evidence has yet been produced to immunosuppression and effects on the prognosis of cancer patients. More attention will have to be given in the future to preoperative supply of blood for autohaemotherapy.
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PMID:[Perioperative blood transfusions. Changed indications and new alternatives]. 211 Jul 6

A 31-year-old female developed severe aplastic anemia following acute non-A non-B hepatitis. Because of the impossibility of bone marrow transplantation, bolus methylprednisolone therapy was done. Soon after the therapy, pancytopenia improved. She has since taken mepitiostane and no longer needs blood transfusions. Good response to the immunosuppressive therapy suggests that the pathogenesis of this anemia is related to the immune system. In vitro culture demonstrated that the patient's serum contained a factor which suppressed hematopoietic activity, possibly gamma-interferon.
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PMID:Successful treatment of a patient with posthepatitic severe aplastic anemia with bolus methylprednisolone. 212 50

The obstetric records of 430 Hmong and other Southeast Asian refugee women were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 1977 to July 1, 1988. All patients gave birth in two hospitals in a midwestern community, La Crosse, Wisconsin. Lack of medical care for early pregnancy complications, late onset of obstetric care, anemia, and high rates of parasites and hepatitis occurred frequently in pregnancy. Admission in advanced labor, a low operative delivery rate (6%), and a higher prematurity rate characterized intrapartum care. Birthweight data revealed statistically significantly smaller infants after 38 weeks' gestation. Postpartum febrile morbidity and neonatal complications were rare. Cultural differences and their effects on obstetric care are discussed.
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PMID:Obstetric care of a Southeast Asian refugee population in a midwestern community. 221 70

Liver involvement in typhoid fever is uncommon. Typhoid hepatitis is now being recognized as a definite entity. Over a period of 4 years, we have observed 10 cases (4.8%) of typhoid hepatitis out of 210 cases of typhoid fever. Jaundice, anaemia, hepatomegaly and abnormal biochemical tests were present in all cases. Liver biopsy was done in 8 cases and was found to be abnormal in 5. Two of the 10 cases of typhoid hepatitis died. Recognition of typhoid hepatitis is important since it has to be differentiated from other common ailments in the tropics such as viral, malarial or amoebic hepatitis. Early institution of specific therapy in cases of typhoid hepatitis carries a good prognosis.
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PMID:Typhoid hepatitis. 226 3

Subjects with a variety of enteropathies, hemolytic anemias, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hepatitis, Gaucher's disease as well as those on TPN and hemodialysis, often have low ("deficient") blood levels of vitamin E. A deficiency of vitamin E can be manifested by accelerated red blood cell destruction and neuromuscular deficit. Supplementation of these patients may be advisable. Neurological dysfunction has been observed in adults with prolonged vitamin E deficiency resulting from lipid malabsorption. Long-term treatment with high doses of vitamin E results in improvement. Administration of 800 IU/day of vitamin E to subjects with G6PD deficiency, sickle-cell anemia and beta-thalassemia has resulted in improvement of hematological parameters. Supplementation with 300 IU/day for 3-6 months has resulted in improved walking distances and improved blood flow in patients with intermittent claudication. In a limited number of controlled studies, 300-600 IU/day resulted in improvement in premenstrual syndrome, tardive dyskinesia and also arthritis. Epidemiological studies suggest that high levels of serum vitamin E are associated with lower risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease and infections. In some cases the high levels are difficult to obtain by diet alone. High levels of vitamin E are contraindicated in subjects who are receiving vitamin K antagonists as anticoagulant therapy. Except for this interaction with vitamin K, there are no specific side effects associated with high doses of vitamin E. Thus, there are various reasons for supplementations with vitamin E and, with the exception noted, the risk of such supplementation is very low.
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PMID:Use and safety of elevated dosages of vitamin E in adults. 250 7

Alterations of the gallbladder wall is a well known sonographic sign of acute cholecystitis. But thickening of the gallbladder wall is also found in patients without intrinsic gallbladder disease. We present our experience on this regard in patients with cirrhosis, acute viral hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, halothane hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure, malaria due to plasmodium falciparum, heart failure, severe malnutrition due to gastric obstruction, septicemia, pyogenic hepatic abscess, amoebic hepatic abscess and in a 14 years old patient with fracture of the skull-acute anemia-shock. Most of these diseases affected the liver directly or indirectly. Knowledge of these alterations of the gallbladder wall in these circumstances are important in order to avoid a the erroneous diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.
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PMID:[Ultrasonographic changes in the gallbladder wall in non-gallbladder diseases]. 253 57


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