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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study attempts to collect reliable data on maternal deaths, estimate maternal mortality rate for the western state of Nigeria, and identify major causes of maternal deaths in the state. Standardized questionnaires were sent to randomly selected medical institutions (5 specialist hospitals and 25 general/district hospitals) in the state; only 23 institutions (4 specialist and 19 district/general hospitals) completed the questionnaires. The results show that maternal mortality ranged from 0/1000-13.3/1000 total births in 1972 and 0/1000-11.0/1000 total births in 1973; overall maternal mortality rate was 3.8/1000 in 1972 and 4.7/1000 in 1973. Mortality was higher among unbooked patients, accounting for 71.2% and 66.4% of total deaths in 1972 and 1973. Hemorrhage (antepartum and postpartum), obstructed labor (uterus unruptured and ruptured), eclampsia and anemia of pregnancy accounted for over 80% of total deaths. Nonobstetric causes of maternal deaths including poisoning, infective hepatitis, meningitis, encephalitis, bronchial asthma, hypertension, and pulmonary embolism. The major causes of death in this series were preventable. Maternal mortality is associated with age, parity, and past reproductive and medical history. The high maternal death rate in this study is compounded by nonutilization of available medical services by pregnant women most especially for antenatal care, the lack of basic essential life-saving facilities (e.g., for blood transfusion), lack of adequate transportation system, failure of medical/nursing personnel to refer patients early to specialist hospitals, and relative lack of obstetric services both in quality and quantity all over the country. Better coordination and integration of health services are needed, as are nationwide data collection of maternal death statistics, publication of periodical reports, and establishment of standards for overall maternity care.
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PMID:Maternal mortality in Western Nigeria. 108 Dec 90

While no unanimity of opinion exists regarding the risk to physical health from smoking marihuana, we have seen four cases that demonstrate clearly that intravenous usage is hazardous. The severity of the multisystemic involvement is dose-related. On initial examination, signs of most severe overdosage included fulminant gastroenteritis, hypoalbuminemia, toxic hepatitis confirmed by serial biopsy, acute renal failure, electrolyte disturbances, leukocytosis, anemia, and a relative thrombocytopenia. In three patients who shared a common needle, gingivostomatitis also developed.
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PMID:The toxicity of intravenously used marihuana. 117 50

Transient pure red blood cell aplasia was verified during the course of viral hepatitis in two siblings whose illnesses occurred four years apart. The duration and course of the anemia was very similar in the two subjects, and in both the hepatitis progressed to a chronic active form. Autoimmune phenomena were prominent in one patient and suggested in the other, but a cytotoxic antibody to erythroblasts could not be demonstrated in the one patient in whom it was sought. The unique occurrence of such a syndrome in siblings, widely separated in time, suggests the possibility of a genetic predisposition governing the unusual response to a common illness.
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PMID:Transient red blood cell aplasia in association with viral hepatitis. Occurrence four years apart in siblings. 120 Jul 27

The occurrence of hematologic changes has been studied in 256 patients with various liver diseases. Macrocytosis on smears and by MCV was found in 50% of acute and in over 70% of chronic liver diseases. MCV increased from 98 +/- 8 mu3 (acute hepatitis) up to 108 +/- 12 mu3 in alcoholic cirrhosis. Anemia, which occurred rarely in hepatitis but in 67% of cirrhosis, was always macrocytic, not correlating with reticulocyte counts. Target cells were found in 20% of acute hepatitis and 41% of cirrhosis. In patients with chronic liver disease target cells were associated with macrocytosis and increased bilirubin. Thrombocytopenia was found in 11% of acute, in 53% of chronic inflammatory and in over 60% of cirrhotic liver disease.
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PMID:[Changes in the blood picture in liver diseases]. 120 27

Four infants with Lues connata, three with the early stage of the disease (patients 1-3), are reported. Diagnosis was made after exclusion of other diseases. Initially an infectious disease was expected, since anemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly and a bad condition were found. In two patients bone structure was abnormal. Elevated serum concentrations of liver enzymes (ALAT, ASAT) were the indication for liver biopsy in one patient, in whom an accompanying hepatitis was diagnosed. Treatment was performed with penicillin, no JARISCH-HERXHEIMER reaction was observed. The Lues tests were negative during pregnancy but a displacental transfer of pathogenic agents could be assumed. Patient 4 was diagnosed at 9 months of age. Infection of the mother probably occurred in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. It can not be decided if the baby has a connatal or acquired Lues. The titer decrease of the CMT-test after the end of the penicillin therapy is a marker for a successful treatment. If treatment was started at 2 years of age a total clinical recovery can be expected. The case reports demonstrate that negative Lues test during pregnancy do not exclude Lues connata in newborns. The Lues diagnosis should be considered if an infectious disease in a newborn can not be diagnosed. A general Lues serodiagnostic test is recommended in all newborns before they leave the obstetrics department.
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PMID:[Congenital syphilis]. 130 79

Fifty-five patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated neonatal hepatitis (NH) were followed for 12 to 90 months. Six patients (10.9%) died from either a fulminant course or a chronic liver disease. Among the remaining 49 patients, whose liver function was completely recovered, there were eight with retardation of developmental or growth status, and two with hearing impairment. Overall, 20.4% of the survivors suffered from a long-term impact. The unfavorable outcome was related to several clinical and pathological parameters. These included persistence of clay-colored stool, presence of splenomegaly, ascites or anemia, high peak total and direct bilirubin, low nadir albumin levels, diffuse giant cell transformation and cirrhosis of the liver. The seropositivity of CMV infection did not significantly correlate with the outcome.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus-associated neonatal hepatitis. 133 53

The signs that may arise after perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been classified by the Centers for Disease Control, but the clinical usefulness of the classification system and the prognostic importance of each disease pattern have not been established. We sought to address these issues by analysing data from the Italian Register for HIV infection in children. We studied 1887 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers. 1045 were identified at birth and the others were registered later (median age 4.8 [range 0.4-72] months). HIV-1-associated signs developed in 433 (81.8%) of 529 seropositive infected children at a median age of 5 (0.03-84) months. These signs appeared significantly earlier in the 102 children who died of HIV-1-related illness than in those who are still alive (median 3 [0.03-55] vs 6 [0.03-84] months; p less than 0.001). The cumulative proportion surviving at age 9 years was 49.5% (95% confidence interval 27-65%) and the median survival time was 96.2 months. Separate analysis of the 112 seropositive infected children followed from birth and older than 15 months gave similar results. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, parotitis, skin diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections formed the mildest disease pattern. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and thrombocytopenia were signs of intermediate disease. By contrast, in multivariate analysis specific secondary infectious diseases, severe bacterial infections, progressive neurological disease, anaemia, and fever were significant and independent negative predictors of survival. Growth failure, persistent oral candidosis, hepatitis, and cardiopathy were associated in univariate analysis with significantly shorter survival. Our findings suggest that the outlook for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection is better than previously thought and that a new clinical staging system of single disease patterns is needed.
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PMID:Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection. The Italian Register for HIV Infections in Children. 134 67

WHO finds that the health services and the health systems in India have improved. For example, India has made considerable improvement in expansion of health services to rural areas (7-10% expansion) and to the poor. Further, allocation to the minimum needs program, according to the state sector plan, has risen from 42.6% to 50%. In addition, infant and maternal mortality rates have fallen. Improved immunization coverage, prenatal care services, diarrhea prevention, malaria control, and contraceptive use have all contributed to the reduction in infant and maternal deaths. Health and welfare programs have generally institutionalized the primary health care concept of community participation. Training for health workers, policymakers, and personnel from nongovernmental organizations has expanded. Nevertheless, life expectancy has essentially not changed. Besides, WHO notes that the disease patterns have not changed. Some regions of India have disease patterns of developed countries, however. India has the highest number of malaria cases in southeastern Asia (almost 71%) and the second highest number of women with anemia. The number of HIV-positive and AIDS cases is growing. More than 374 million people are at risk of lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis has become entrenched in India. 5% of the population are positive for hepatitis viruses. 1% have iodine deficiency disorders.
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PMID:WHO commends India. 145 31

The authors describe the finding of Nocardia asteroides from a haemoculture in a patient with right-sided pneumonia and several predisposing factors (TB, chronic bronchitis, anamnestic hepatitis, chronic hepatopathy, anaemia, ethylism and a neoplasm revealed in the final stage). Early bacteriological diagnosis and aimed antimicrobial therapy led to radical improvement of the very dramatic clinical condition. The authors discuss the possible higher incidence of the infectious agent, which previously was detected only very rarely.
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PMID:[Isolation of Nocardia asteroides using hemoculture (clinical report)]. 146 81

Clostridium septicum infection causing 5.0 to 5.2% mortality is reported for the first time in the literature from six-week-old growing geese in three flocks comprising 5,200, 5,500 and 5,900 geese, respectively. The affected birds exhibited weakness, uncoordinated movement, ataxia and, frequently, oblique position of the head and neck (torticollis) as well as signs indicative of dysequilibrium. The affected birds died within 18-24 h. Gross pathological examination revealed anaemia, hepatitis with map-like necroses of irregular outline (Fig. 1), acute enteritis, pulmonary oedema and cardiac dilatation. Light and electron-microscopic examination showed that the sinusoids of the liver were markedly dilated (Fig. 2) and filled with serous exudate and gas (Figs 2 and 3), and the hepatocytes surrounding them exhibited severe oedema (Fig. 4). Among the hepatocytes, ciliated bacteria 7-10 mu in length and 1-3 mu in width, bounded by a well-defined cell wall and often showing signs of spore formation were observed (Figs 5 and 6). By bacteriological examination the pathogen was isolated, its properties were studied, and the clinical entity of malignant oedema was experimentally reproduced by intramuscular injection of guinea-pigs and rabbits. The applied antibiotic (oxytetracycline) and furazolidone therapy proved effective.
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PMID:Demonstration of Clostridium septicum infection in a goose flock. 147 92


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