Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The plasma lipid and apoprotein concentrations were monitored in a group of 12 patients with chronic alcohol abuse entering an abstinence program for 3 weeks. 6 of them had a normal liver function as expressed by the levels of liver enzymes gamma GT, GOT, GPT, while 6 had elevated plasma liver enzyme concentrations. None had evidence of either cirrhosis or alcohol hepatitis. Patients with abnormal liver enzymes had elevated HDL-cholesterol, apo AI and apo AII concentrations in plasma, with normal total cholesterol and apo 8 concentrations. In the group of patients with normal liver enzyme concentrations, the apoproteins and lipids did not significantly differ from the control group. In the course of the abstinence treatment a parallel decrease of apoproteins, HDL-cholesterol and liver enzyme concentrations was observed. The values normalized after 10-15 days. These data indicate that the effect of alcohol on the plasma apoprotein and lipids occurs mostly in the HDL fraction, that it correlates with the state of hepatic function and that it can be reversed by an abstinence treatment.
 ...
PMID:Plasma apoproteins levels in chronic alcohol abuse. 710 48

Chronic alcoholism is accompanied by systemic involvement of the internal organs. Clinico-morphological forms of chronic alcoholism are distinguished on the basis of the prevailing organ pathology, Morphological data are presented, and pathogenesis of the lesions of the liver, heart, pancreas, and kidneys in patients with chronic alcoholism is analysed. The hepatic form may present alcoholic dystrophy, hepatitis or cirrhosis which are stages of progressing hepatopathy. The toxic and metabolic effect of ethanol is important in the pathogenesis of liver lesion. The cardiac form is characterized by the development of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy. In addition to the toxic influence of ethanol, hormonal and electrolyte changes and microcirculatory disorders play a role in its pathogenesis. Chronic calcifying pancreatitis in chronic alcoholism is associated with the effect of ethanol on the mediatory system. The renal form any present necronephrosis, hepatorenal syndrome, glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. Their pathogenesis is determined by toxicity of ethanol, circulation of immune complexes in the blood, or immunosuppression.
 ...
PMID:[Morphology and pathogenesis of visceral manifestations of chronic alcoholism]. 711 39

Liver involvement is uncommon in secondary syphilis and may resemble liver disease from alcoholism or acute viral hepatitis. Liver biopsy usually indicates nonspecific reactive hepatitis with or without cholestasis. Jaundice may sometimes be absent although liver damage is present. The liver abnormalities can be resolved with antibiotic therapy, but penicillin therapy may cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. Syphilitic hepatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure liver disease.
 ...
PMID:The liver in secondary syphilis. 712 42

Quadratic multiple discriminant analysis of 25 commonly ordered laboratory tests resulted in correct classification of 100% of nonalcoholics without overt liver disease, 98% of alcoholism treatment program patients with presumed mild liver involvement, 96% of alcoholics with liver disease, and 89% of nonalcoholics with liver disease. Direct comparison of the biopsy-verified alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease groups resulted in 100% discrimination, and removal of traditionally evaluated liver tests from the battery of 25 tests did not substantially alter the original classification accuracy. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease was still 100% differentiable when equated for number of patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatitis combined with cirrhosis or fibrosis. Additional utility of the quadratic discriminant approach was demonstrated when 83% alcoholic and 83% nonalcoholic liver disease cases were diagnosed correctly in a prospective manner. In contrast, use of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratios (ie, SGOT to SGPT) identified correctly 75% and 33% of patients, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Biochemical and hematologic correlates of alcoholism and liver disease. 713 77

A liver biopsy material comprising 477 biopsies from 477 patients included in a prospective, unblinded, randomized trial of treatment of cirrhosis with prednisone has been re-evaluated using new and more restrictive histological criteria for the diagnosis of cirrhosis and chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH). The material was divided according to the likelihood of cirrhosis being present: (A) cirrhosis (287 patients), (B) probably cirrhosis (101 patients) and (C) compatible with but not diagnostic for cirrhosis (89 patients). Each group was further divided according to the presence (I) or absence (II) of CAH. A total of 98 patients fulfilled the histological criteria for CAH. The effect of prednisone concerning survival was evaluated in each group. In the total group of patients with CAH a significant beneficial effect of prednisone was found (p = 0.04). Among these patients the subgroup with cirrhosis in addition (group I A) also showed a significant effect of prednisone, while groups I B and I C only had a trend towards a beneficial effect (p = 0.44 and p = 0.36, respectively). In patients without CAH in the biopsy (Group II, A + B + C), no effect of prednisone was seen although a trend towards a harmful effect was found in patients with cirrhosis (Group II A). Control patients with CAH in all three subgroups had an insignificantly shorter survival than patients without CAH. All the CAH groups significantly more often included female patients with no history of alcoholism and a lower frequency of spider naevi. In addition, the CAH groups were more active as judged by biochemical and histological variables. It was further disclosed that the presence of large piecemeal necroses indicated a favourable effect of prednisone treatment, while alcoholism, ascites and male sex acted as indicators for an unfavourable treatment effect.
 ...
PMID:Prednisone treatment of chronic liver disease. I. Chronic aggressive hepatitis as a therapeutic marker. 717 39

Total serum cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) levels, C and TG-VLDL, C-LDL and C-HDL, total apoprotein B (apo B) and albumin (alb.) have been studied in three groups of patients with liver cirrhosis (CE), persistent hepatitis (EPS) and alcoholic chronic liver disease (EA) divided in two sub-groups of 4 EPS and 4 CE, and have been compared with controls values. In all cases the diagnosis was made on liver biopsy C, C-LDL and C-HDL levels were significantly lower in EPS, C and C-LDL in EA and CE; comparing the three groups each other, the only statistically significant difference was found for C-HDL values, more elevated in the 4 cases of EPS with alcoholism than in CE and EPS without alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:[Serum lipoprotein fractions in chronic liver diseases with and without alcoholism]. 730 12

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) has been proposed as a marker of alcoholism. However, its role in monitoring alcoholic patients for relapse has not been extensively studied. We therefore performed sequential serum CDT measurements using a microcolumn/radioimmunoassay method (Kabi Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) in 86 male alcoholics participating in a hepatitis vaccination program who were monitored for relapse using self-report and collateral history (when available). The maximum serum CDT was significantly higher in patients who relapsed (n = 38) (33.1 +/- 3.1 mg/liter), as compared with abstinent subjects with collateral verification (n = 39) (18.8 +/- 1.3, p < 0.001) and abstinent patients without collateral verification (n = 9) (17.4 +/- 1.3, p < 0.01). Using the manufacturer's currently recommended threshold of 20 mg/liter for males, serum CDT was elevated in 29 of 38 patients who relapsed (sensitivity 76.3%). In 16 (42.1%) of the relapsed patients, a serum CDT above this threshold preceded the patient's self-report by at least 28 days. However, serum CDT exceeded 20 mg/liter in 10 of 48 patients who remained sober (specificity 79.2%); three of these patients had clinical and/or pathological evidence of cirrhosis. Using a threshold of 25 mg/liter, 21 of 38 patients who relapsed had an elevated serum CDT (sensitivity 55.3%); 12 (31.6%) of these patients had elevated serum CDT before self-report. Only 4 of 48 subjects who remained sober had serum CDT levels that exceeded 25 mg/liter (specificity 91.7%); three of these patients had clinical and/or pathological evidence of cirrhosis. In conclusion, serial serum CDT testing detects relapses before self-report in male subjects. Values between 20-25 mg/liter suggest relapse, but call for collateral verification, whereas CDT values above 25 mg/liter are usually diagnostic of relapse in the absence of cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:Utility of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin as a marker of relapse in alcoholic patients. 757 82

Antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity is quite common. However, factors predicting its development are still controversial. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of certain factors (age and sex of the patient, alcoholism, chronic liver disease, hepatitis B virus carrier status, acetylator status, nutritional status and antituberculosis treatment (ATT) regimen) in predicting the development of ATT-induced hepatitis. In a case-control study, 60 consecutive patients with evidence of ATT-induced hepatitis were studied to assess the possible association of the above-mentioned factors with ATT-induced hepatitis. Body mass index was found to be significantly lower in ATT-induced hepatitis patients (17.2 +/- 2.7) than in controls (19.5 +/- 3.3) (p < 0.05). Pyrazinamide was used in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin in a significantly higher percentage of patients in the ATT-induced hepatitis group (70%) as compared with those in the control group (42%). No significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to the rest of the parameters.
 ...
PMID:Antituberculosis treatment-induced hepatotoxicity: role of predictive factors. 764 98

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is widely practised in developed countries. The procedure is costly, the supply of donor organs limited, and it is not known how many patients need transplantation. A community-wide estimate of the needs for OLT was performed over two years in all general hospitals in Israel. Records of 1851 patients with liver disease were screened to identify those who might eventually need OLT. The annual estimate of transplantation needs in the country was 10-15.5 per million population, with equal numbers of males and females. The addition of patients with nonreformed alcoholism and end-stage liver disease, originally set as an exclusion criteria, would have added 20% to this estimate. 37% of potential candidates were under 40 years of age at diagnosis, and about 50% were 55-64 years old. Almost 80% of patients had cirrhosis of the liver and 13.6% had fulminant hepatitis. These findings provide a basis for a national plan of OLT in Israel, and similar studies might be useful in other countries.
 ...
PMID:The need for liver transplantation: a nationwide estimate based on consensus review. 747 42

Prescribed since 1948 to control chronic alcoholism, disulfiram may cause severe toxicity as report in three cases of acute motive axonal polyneuritis. Disulfiram toxicity may present different clinical aspects: 1) Cytolytic hepatitis with fatal evolution in 30% of cases (fulminant hepatitis), and full recovery for the other 70%. The onset of the symptoms usually occurs as early as 15 days to a maximum of 6 months (most within 2 months) after initiation of treatment. 2) Severe optic neuritis with full recovery in 2 months. 3) Peripheral neuropathy usually dose dependent, with different clinical presentations: polyneuritis with sensory, motor, or both deficits, and few cases of tetraplegia. 4) Encephalopathy frequently associated with one of the precedent symptoms, having a favorable outcome (probably resulting in inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by disulfiram). The mechanism of toxicity (direct or idiosyncractic) remain unclear. Disulfiram has been used safely in millions of people since 1948, and we have only few cases reports of severe toxicity. From a practical point of view, treated patients should benefit by a neurological examination once a month, ophtalmological examination every 2 months, and hepatic enzymes monitored twice a month during the 2 first months. This is the price to prevent and to detect side effects of disulfiram therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Disulfiram (Esperal) toxicity. Apropos of 3 original cases]. 857 Sep 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>