Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 31-year-old woman developed typical clinical and laboratory signs of PCT at the end of her second pregnancy coincident with the summer season. She had elevated liver function values without history of alcoholism, hepatitis or chemical liver damage. She had taken oral contraceptive only before her first pregnancy which was normal. Her hormone analytic values including estrogens corresponded to normal values in pregnancy. Venesections had a beneficial affect on her condition.
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PMID:Pregnancy and porphyria cutanea tarda. 620 30

Severe congestive cardiac failure developed in a few weeks in a 44 year old man who had undergone porto-caval anastamosis for post-hepatitis cirrhosis one year previously and then treated for anaemia by repeated blood transfusion and chronic daily oral iron therapy. Infiltrative, congestive and restrictive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in the presence of global cardiomegaly, electrocardiographic changes (microvoltage, diffuse ST-T wave changes), echocardiographic appearances (dilatation of the left ventricle, with hypertrophic and hypokinetic walls), and hemodynamic signs of adiastole with equalisation of filling pressures at 15 mmHg and a cardiac index of 1,88 l/min/m2. Cardiac haemochromatosis was confirmed by the laboratory (serum iron: 35 mumol/l; siderophilin saturation: 100 p. 100; serum ferritin: 1854 ng/ml; induced siderouria: 51 mg/24 hours) and histological findings (endomyocardial biopsy showing pigment overload). The absence of a family history, of homozygote A3 antigen, of diabetes, of iron overload on hepatic biopsy one year previously, excluded the diagnosis of familial idiopathic haemochromatosis. A secondary form of the disease was diagnosed on a possible genetic predisposition (heterozygote A3 antigen) and on environmental factors (blood transfusions, iron therapy, cirrhosis, alcoholism and perhaps the porto-caval anastamosis. Cardiac haemochromatosis was cured in this case by iron chelating therapy comprising daily subcutaneous infusions of 2 g of desferrioxamine for 2 months. The cure was confirmed by regression of the signs of clinical cardiac failure and of cardiomegaly, the increase in QRS voltages and the near normalisation of the hemodynamic and laboratory findings.
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PMID:[Adiastole caused by a secondary cardiac hemochromatosis. Successful treatment with an iron chelating agent]. 641 3

The pharmacokinetics of thiopentone were compared in nine control patients and 10 patients with chronic alcoholism (without signs of cirrhosis or hepatitis) undergoing orthopaedic or abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia. The mean (+/- SD) alcohol intake was 92 +/- 14 litre of ethanol per year in the alcoholic patients and less than 10 litre yr-1 in the controls. Thiopentone plasma concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography after the administration of a single bolus dose (5-9 mg kg-1). The plasma clearance of thiopentone was significantly increased from 3.7 +/- 0.9 ml min-1 kg-1 in the controls to 5.4 +/- 2.2 ml min-1 kg-1 in the patients with chronic alcoholism. The volume of the central compartment and the total apparent volume of distribution were similar in both groups. The terminal elimination half-life was of 684 +/- 168 min in the alcoholics and did not differ significantly from the value found in the controls (750 +/- 212 min).
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PMID:Thiopentone pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic alcoholism. 649 49

The different sensitivity of the male and the female liver is well established, but there is an obvious difference in male livers as well. One possible explanation for these differences might be the existence of genetic peculiarities among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. In the early twentieth, Chvostek in Vienna was the first to draw attention to a constitutional element which he believed to be fundamental: Absent body hair, absent or extremely spare hair on the limbs, and pubic hair of the female type, i.e. with horizontal upper border (1) (Fig. 1). Chvostek laid special stress on the fact that these anomalies were of genetic origin and were not a secondary phenomenon do to alcoholism or cirrhosis. The feminine pattern of hair distribution, the so-called "Chvostek's habitus", is a frequently seen condition but the statistical proof of its association with alcoholic cirrhosis in man is still missing. The purpose of our study was to investigate if the feminine pattern of hair distribution in male patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is a genetic characteristic, this anomaly is more frequently encountered in the alcoholic type than in the post-hepatitis type of cirrhosis, the reported discrepancies of HLA frequencies are due to genetic differences.
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PMID:Constitutional factors in alcoholic cirrhosis. 653 37

Biopsy of the liver with the menghini needle was done as a routine diagnostic procedure during surgery in 581 cases. During earlier decades morphological changes of the liver could be demonstrated by that procedure in 80-100% of the patients. In contrast such changes could be found only in 55% of our cases; in 5,5% these changes were severe. From these numbers it should be concluded that liver biopsy during gall bladder surgery is not necessary as a routine procedure. If patients are selected for biopsy on the basis of history, ultrasonography, laboratory data and intraoperative microscopical liver findings this procedure is necessary only in 14% of the cases, complication rate being 0,09%. In this particularly selected group changes of the liver can be found in 90,4%, severe changes in 33% of the cases. Pathological changes of the liver are likely to occur in 65-91% of patients with complicated gall stone disease and/or accompanying diseases like diabetes, obesitas, alcoholism, or a history of hepatitis. In this particular group biopsy and histological examination during surgery seem to be indicated as it was the case before.
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PMID:[Liver biopsy in surgery of the gallbladder]. 673 91

There is considerable evidence in favour of genetic factors influencing excessive drinking behaviour and development of alcohol dependence (alcoholism), although readily identified markers of these genes have not been established. In addition, environmental factors undoubtedly play an important role. Although the probability of developing a significant liver disease (alcohol-induced hepatitis with or without cirrhosis) is related to the amount of alcohol ingested, there is a great variation in susceptibility which presumably stems from either genetic or additional environmental influences. The probable linkage of development of severe alcohol-induced liver disease with alleles of the HLA-B locus would suggest the influence of a gene(s) on chromosome 6. Such a gene may determine the rate or type of metabolism of alcohol or, since the immune response genes are present on chromosome 6, may indicate genetically controlled variation in the level of the immune and inflammatory response to alcohol-induced changes in liver membrane antigenicity. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and to determine the type of factor involved.
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PMID:Genetic factors in determining susceptibility to alcohol dependence and development of alcohol-induced liver disease. 678 10

beta-Galactosidase and associated activities (beta-glucosidase and beta-fucosidase) have been studied in rabbit and bovine liver and rabbit spleen. The physico-chemical (optimal pH, pI, MW) and kinetical (Km, Vmax, Ki) properties were determined for all the activities. Two enzyme forms were separated in rabbit spleen. beta-Galactosidase, beta-fucosidase and beta-glucosidase activities were catalyzed by the same enzyme in rabbit and bovine liver. The enzyme from bovine liver showed nonlinear double-reciprocal plots, suggesting a substrate-activation model, and the presence of more than one binding site in the enzyme. The enzyme activities of several glycosidases were determined in human sera fom control groups and from patients with diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, stomach and breast cancer, myocardial infarction and renal failure. The results show significantly different enzyme levels for several glycosidases in all the studied diseases. Experimentally-induced diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and nephrotoxicity in rats showed different glycosidase levels in several tissues, as compared with control groups.
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PMID:[Glycosidases of mammals: association of activities and changes of levels in some disorders]. 681 36

Disulfiram is used commonly as reinforcement in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. Although the drug is generally considered safe, there are reports of side effects including psychosis and hepatitis. We report a case of fatal fulminant hepatitis caused by the use of disulfiram in a man with previously normal hepatocellular function.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatitis associated with disulfiram. Report of a case. 686 59

With the aim to evaluate the influence of gastric resection on the morphological and functional conditions of the liver and the eventual appearance of gallstones, 50 randomized patients with a resection of the stomach were clinically analysed at different period of time, together with 50 patients suffering from peptic ulcer. All patients underwent a liver biopsy, 26% of the patients with gastric resection and 20% of the patients with peptic ulcer showed pathological findings of the liver, which statistically is not a significant difference. The most frequent pathologic change in both groups was a persistent hepatitis, while gallstones rarely occurred. Further, a presence in the past of viral hepatitis and alcoholism in both groups has been analysed as possible factors for the mentioned changes in the liver. Hbs Antigen detection has also been drawn as important. People with gastric resection belong to the jeopardized groups of the population with a great risk-factor related to previous frequent blood transfusion and other medical procedures. Patients who underwent a gastric resection, were analysed for the influence of the time period, following operation, on proved lesions of the liver, which were also observed in relation to dumping syndrome, malnutrition and other postresection syndromes. The authors point out the importance of making an early detection of the lesions of the liver, during surgery, with the aim to prevent the development of severe chronic inflammation.
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PMID:[Gastric resection and the hepatobiliary tract]. 688 May 42

We postulated that three tests could be used to advantage in the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease. Ninety-eight patients who entered the hospital in hepatic failure, and who survived that illness, were observed for an average of 3.5 years after discharge. At the time of entry, most had jaundice, ascites, edema, and hepatosplenomegaly. Biopsy of the liver disclosed both cirrhosis and hepatitis in 75-80%. Neither clinical features nor laboratory tests could differentiate these patients at the time of entry. However, as early as 3 months after hospitalization, the clinical course and laboratory tests served to distinguish two groups: group 1 comprised 46 patients in whom the serum bilirubin was less than 2 mg/dl; the aspartate aminotransferase less than 55 mU/ml; and the alkaline phosphatase less than 125 mU/ml. In 40 (87%) of these 46 patients, clinical findings improved concomitantly with laboratory tests. Group 2 comprised 52 patients in whom one or more of these three tests showed persistent abnormality; only 12 (23%) of the 52 patients in this group improved clinically and three subsequently died. Although the majority of patients (76%) in group 1 reported abstinence on follow-up, 44% of group 2 patients also claimed abstinence. Complications of liver disease, shunt surgery, and continuing alcoholism contributed to liver failure. Early identification of such patients should aid in the management of alcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:Predicting clinical recovery from alcoholic liver disease. 688 50


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