Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1 September and 24 October 1976, 318 cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern Zaire. The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred. There were 280 deaths, and only 38 serologically confirmed survivors.The index case in this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 1 September 1976, five days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria at the outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH). He had a clinical remission of his malaria symptoms. Within one week several other persons who had received injections at YMH also suffered from Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and almost all subsequent cases had either received injections at the hospital or had had close contact with another case. Most of these occurred during the first four weeks of the epidemic, after which time the hospital was closed, 11 of the 17 staff members having died of the disease. All ages and both sexes were affected, but women 15-29 years of age had the highest incidence of disease, a phenomenon strongly related to attendance at prenatal and outpatient clinics at the hospital where they received injections. The overall secondary attack rate was about 5%, although it ranged to 20% among close relatives such as spouses, parent or child, and brother or sister.Active surveillance disclosed that cases occurred in 55 of some 550 villages which were examined house-by-house. The disease was hitherto unknown to the people of the affected region. Intensive search for cases in the area of north-eastern Zaire between the Bumba Zone and the Sudan frontier near Nzara and Maridi failed to detect definite evidence of a link between an epidemic of the disease in that country and the outbreak near Bumba. Nevertheless it was established that people can and do make the trip between Nzara and Bumba in not more than four days: thus it was regarded as quite possible that an infected person had travelled from Sudan to Yambuku and transferred the virus to a needle of the hospital while receiving an injection at the outpatient clinic.Both the incubation period, and the duration of the clinical disease averaged about one week. After 3-4 days of non-specific symptoms and signs, patients typically experienced progressively severe sore throat, developed a maculopapular rash, had intractable abdominal pain, and began to bleed from multiple sites, principally the gastrointestinal tract. Although laboratory determinations were limited and not conclusive, it was concluded that pathogenesis of the disease included non-icteric hepatitis and possibly acute pancreatitis as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation.This syndrome was caused by a virus morphologically similar to Marburg virus, but immunologically distinct. It was named Ebola virus. The agent was isolated from the blood of 8 of 10 suspected cases using Vero cell cultures. Titrations of serial specimens obtained from one patient disclosed persistent viraemia of 10(6.5)-10(4.5) infectious units from the third day of illness until death on the eighth day. Ebola virus particles were found in formalin-
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PMID:Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. 30 56

The frequency of acute and chronic pancreatitis is 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively, in 107,754 adult autopsies in Japan. Acute pancreatitis is highly associated with liver diseases of various etiologies such as subacute hepatitis (16.1%), fulminant hepatitis (13.5%), biliary cirrhosis (10.5%), cholangiocarcinoma (8.6%) and postnecrotic cirrhosis (7.1%). Chronic pancreatitis is also closely related to various liver diseases. It is suggested that the portal venous stasis in liver diseases may predispose the patients to develop pancreatitis regardless of the etiology of liver diseases.
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PMID:Prevalence of pancreatitis in liver diseases of various etiologies: an analysis of 107,754 adult autopsies in Japan. 149 77

We are reporting the case of a patient with acute pancreatitis associated with viral A hepatitis with satisfactory recovery. To our knowledge, two similar cases have been reported.
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PMID:[Acute pancreatitis and viral hepatitis A. Report of a case]. 208 6

A 33-year-old man, vaccinated against hepatitis B virus, working in an hemodialysis unit, pricked himself with a needle used in a patient. Four weeks later he developed acute hepatitis along with acute pancreatitis. The pancreatitis resolved, but the liver disease ran a chronic course. The diagnosis of hepatitis non-A-non-B (NANB) was made on the following criteria: (a) epidemiologic circumstances, (b) exclusion of other causes of acute and/or chronic liver disease, (c) chronic indolent course, and (d) compatible histological features. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made with clinical, biological, and radiological data. We believe that the pancreatitis was related to the NANB viral infection, as they began simultaneously and other causes of pancreatitis were eliminated. Such an association has been reported mainly with hepatitis B and exceptionally with hepatitis A. It has also been observed in the course of fulminant NANB viral hepatitis, but we believe this to be the first case associated with a benign form of NANB.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis associated with non-A-non-B hepatitis. Report of a case. 210 6

The most common adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are gastritis, peptic ulceration, and depression of renal function, all of which result primarily from prostaglandin inhibition. The types of side effects observed with diclofenac are similar to those of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and are unavoidable given that the drugs are prostaglandin inhibitors. However, the incidences of such side effects may be lower with diclofenac than with some of the other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Worldwide experience with diclofenac exceeds 7.6 million patient-years, which should provide estimates of the frequency of very rare adverse reactions. The latter include blood dyscrasias, erythema multiforme, hepatitis, and others, such as aseptic meningitis, anaphylaxis, and urticaria. Moreover, some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to have unique side-effect profiles. Examples include a higher incidence of ulceration and erythema multiforme with piroxicam, and acute pancreatitis, in rare instances, with sulindac. From a careful survey of the world's accumulated literature and reports to CIBA-GEIGY, diclofenac does not appear to have any unusual adverse reactions.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Diclofenac compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 370 53

Hepatitis viruses are an uncommon cause of acute pancreatitis. We present the case of a boy with acute pancreatitis complicating viral hepatitis with satisfactory recovery. The finding of IgM-anti HAV antibodies implicates hepatitis A virus as the cause.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis in hepatitis A infection. 376 54

In a retrospective study pancreatic tissue specimens from 199 patients who had had pancreas surgery were tested for the presence of HBsAg. HBsAg could be demonstrated in two patients with chronic pancreatitis, in five patients with pancreas carcinoma and in one asymptomatic HBsAg carrier by use of the immunoperoxidase method. Demonstration of HBsAg in acinus epithelia and the small ductules supports the hypothesis, that virus particles can be produced and secreted by pancreatic tissue. The incidence of HBsAg in pancreas carcinoma (7% of cases investigated) is higher than can be explained by coincidence, thus there may be a certain association. These findings and data reported in the literature, showing that acute necrotizing pancreatitis can be caused by hepatitis virus, may lead to the conclusion, that in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis with unknown etiology serological virus diagnostics should be done.
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PMID:[The pancreas as target organ for hepatitis B virus--immunohistological detection of HBsAg in pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis]. 388 78

The histological features of 24 pancreases obtained from patients who died of causes other than hepatitis, pancreatitis or pancreatic tumors, included a variable degree of autolysis, rare foci of inflammatory reaction but no hemorrhagic fat necrosis or destruction of elastic tissue in vessel walls (elastolysis). Assays of elastase in extracts of these pancreases showed no free enzyme, but varying amounts of proelastase.A review of autopsy findings in 33 patients with fatal liver necrosis attributed to halothane anesthesia, demonstrated changes of acute pancreatitis only in two. On the other hand, a review of 16 cases of fulminant viral hepatitis revealed changes characteristic of acute pancreatitis in seven - interstitial edema, hemorrhagic fat necrosis, inflammatory reaction and frequently elastolysis in vessel walls. Determination of elastase in extracts of one pancreas showed the bulk of the enzyme in free form. Furthermore, assays of urinary amylase in 44 patients with viral hepatitis showed increased levels of this enzyme (2583 +/- 398 mean value +/- standard error, Somogyi units per 100 ml in 13, or 29.5 percent). The evidence suggests that acute pancreatitis may at times complicate viral hepatitis. Although direct proof of viral pancreatic involvement is not feasible at present, a rational hypothesis is advanced which underlines similar mechanisms of tissue involvement in both liver and pancreas that may be brought about by the hepatitis viruses.
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PMID:The association of viral hepatitis and acute pancreatitis. 507 Jun 94

We report 2 patients who had serious adverse effects after taking sulindac. One of these patients developed toxic hepatitis and Stevens-Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome which resulted in death. Such fatal reaction to sulindac therapy has not been reported previously. There was temporal relation of ingestion of sulindac to 2 episodes of acute pancreatitis in the 2nd patient, strongly suggesting drug induction. Recent reports of similar side effects with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs suggest that these drugs may have potentially more serious toxicity than has been recognized.
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PMID:Hepatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis and pancreatitis in association with sulindac therapy. 622 35

In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods.
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PMID:[Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. 636 87


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