Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis after saline-solution-induced abortion is discussed. A 23-year-old woman who had a therapeutic abortion by intraamniotic instillation of 23% saline solution developed uterine bleeding 2 hours after the fetus had passed. Her fibrinogen level was 125 mg% (normal 250-450 mg%) and her partial thromboplastin time was 97 seconds (normal 45 seconds). 2 units of fibrinogen, followed by immune serum globulin, were administered to the patient. Approximately 2 1/2 months later the patient developed hepatitis. The question of whether or not this was proper treatment for her low fibrinogen state was asked. The consultant (author) stated that the fibrinogen could have been kept in reserve for the unlikely emergency of increasing fibrinogenopenia or hemorrhage. The addition of the fibrinogen substrate could (rarely) exacerbate disseminated intravascular coagulation as well as inoculate the patient with hepatitis virus. In a patient such as this, usually needs are met with transient obstetric and medical support since body processes restore the depleted hemostatic and fibrinolytic mechanisms.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis after saline-solution-induced abortion. 1230 85

During 1981-1986, 86 maternal deaths transpired at the obstetrics department of the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research in Pondicherry, India. The maternal mortality rate stood at 5.8/1000 births. 31.4% were primigravidae. The percentage of maternal deaths characterized as gravidae 2-4, 5, and multigravidae was 42.9%, 9.3%, and 16.4%, respectively. The leading causes of death were sepsis (41.9%), especially septic abortion (30.2%); eclampsia-severe preeclampsia (10.5%); ruptured uterus (9.3%); and hemorrhage and prolonged labor (8.1% each). Direct obstetric causes of death accounted for 81.4% of all maternal deaths. Indirect obstetric causes of death were hepatitis (5.8%), heart disease (4.7%), and severe anemia (2.3%). Most of the women who died were illiterate (97.6%), poor (98.8%), and had received no prenatal care (94.2%). 47.7% traveled more than 60 km to the hospital. Quacks or untrained traditional birth attendants had excessively interfered with about 33% before they reached the hospital, especially the septic induced abortion, obstructed labor, and ruptured uterus cases. Among the 48 women who delivered before dying, there were 24 live births (5 of whom died during the early neonatal period) and 24 still births. These findings indicate a need for a cooperative effort to improve and expand maternal and child health care in the community.
 ...
PMID:Determinants of maternal mortality: a hospital based study from south India. 1231 6

The impact of L. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancy-associated listeriosis. Mice infected i.v. with L. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy showed a significantly impaired bacterial elimination, which resulted in a severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis. The aggravated course of the infection could be attributed to a suppressed transcription and production of anti-listerial, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, murine monokine induced by interferon-gamma, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10. In addition, listeriosis significantly increased the abortion rate. Infection of the placenta and fetuses was characterized by placental and fetal necrosis with unrestricted bacterial multiplication. A weak transcription of anti-listerial cytokines in the placenta in the absence of a cellular immune response could not prevent the fatal outcome of pregnancy-associated listeriosis.
 ...
PMID:Effects of pregnancy-associated Listeria monocytogenes infection: necrotizing hepatitis due to impaired maternal immune response and significantly increased abortion rate. 1240 62

Rift Valley fever virus is an arthropod-borne Phlebovirus endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Outbreaks also have occurred in Egypt, Madagascar, and most recently in the Arabian peninsula. Large epizootics occur at irregular intervals in seasons of above-average rainfall with persistent flooding and the appearance of large numbers of floodwater-breeding Aedine mosquitoes. The virus is transmitted transovarially and can remain dormant in mosquito eggs during dry interepizootic periods. Low-level virus circulation occurs in high-rainfall forested areas, although individual cases of the disease rarely are recognized. RVF is characterized by abortion in pregnant animals and a high mortality in newborn lambs, kids, and calves. Susceptibility to disease is related to age and breed, with severe disease occurring in the young of exotic sheep and cattle breeds. RVF is a zoonosis, and human beings experience an influenza-like illness and, more rarely, complications such as encephalitis or retinitis. The virus causes a severe hepatitis, particularly in aborted fetuses and newborn lambs. The disease must be differentiated from other conditions that cause death with hepatitis and jaundice. Both an inactivated and a live attenuated vaccine are available. New-generation vaccines are being tested, because the existing mousebrain-attenuated strain induces fetal teratology or abortion in a percentage of pregnant animals. Diagnosis is based on histopathology or the demonstration of viral antigen or antibody.
 ...
PMID:Rift valley fever. 1244 82

Listeria monocytogenes has been recognized as a significant pathogen, occurring worldwide, capable of causing animal and human infections. In its most severe form, listeriosis is an invasive disease that affects immunocompromised patients. Additionally, pregnant women represent a high-risk group for L. monocytogenes infection. Abortion, stillbirth or severe neonatal infection can be the serious outcome of such an infection. In an experimental murine model of pregnancy-associated listeriosis we studied the impact of L. monocytogenes on the maternal immune response and pregnancy outcome. In comparison to virgin animals, pregnant mice mounted lower levels of protective cytokines and were unable to eliminate the pathogen. The impaired maternal immune response that has been found both on the systemic and local level, facilitated bacterial multiplication in the liver, placenta and ultimately in the fetal tissues. This resulted in severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis and Listeria-induced placental necrosis, increasing the incidence of postimplantation loss and poor pregnancy outcome.
 ...
PMID:Murine model of pregnancy-associated Listeria monocytogenes infection. 1264 34

Coxiella burnetii (C.b.) is a strictly intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium. It causes Q fever in humans and animals worldwide. The animal Q fever is sometimes designated "coxiellosis". This infection has many different reservoirs including arthropods, birds and mammals. Domestic animals and pets, are the most frequent source of human infections. Q fever may appear basically in two forms, acute and chronic (persistent). The latter form of Q fever in animals is characteristic by shedding C.b. into the environment during parturition or abortion. Human Q fever results usually from inhalation of contaminated aerosols originating mostly from tissue and body fluids of infected animals. Q fever may appear in humans either in an acute form accompanied mainly by fever (pneumonia, flu-like disease, hepatitis) or in a chronic form (mainly endocarditis). Diagnosis of Q fever is based on isolation of the agent in cell culture, its direct detection, namely by PCR, and serology. Detection of high phase II antibodies titers 1-3 weeks after the onset of symptoms and identification of IgM antibodies are indicative to acute infection. High phase I IgG antibody titers >800 as revealed by microimmunofluorescence offer evidence of chronic C.b. infection. For acute Q fever, a two-weeks-treatment with doxycycline is recommended as the first-line therapy. In the case of Q fever endocarditis a long-term combined antibiotic therapy is necessary to prevent relapses. Application of Q fever vaccines containing or prepared from phase I C.b. corpuscles should be considered at least for professionally exposed groups of the population. Infections caused by C.b. are spread worldwide and may pose serious and often underestimated health problems in human but also in veterinary medicine. Though during the last decades substantial progress in investigation of C.b. has been achieved and many data concerning this pathogen has been accumulated, some questions, namely those related to the pathogenesis of the disease, remain open.
 ...
PMID:Q fever--still a query and underestimated infectious disease. 1269 56

Q fever is a widespread zoonosis caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Aborting domestic ruminants are the main sources of human infection but the reservoir of infection is extremely wide. In humans, Q fever may occur as acute pneumonia, hepatitis or flu-like illness or may take a severe chronic form, characterized by endocarditis, chronic hepatitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. In animals, the main clinical manifestation is late abortion. Infection with C. burnetii can be diagnosed using cultural, serological and genetic methods but because the organism is potentially dangerous and requires specialized skills only specialist laboratories are capable of undertaking diagnostic tests. This paper provides a brief overview of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Q fever (coxiellosis).
 ...
PMID:Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. 1519 98

A Chlamydophila abortus-induced abortion model was carried out on the basis of the experimental infection of ewes at day 75 of gestation. The infection induced abortions and the birth of weak lambs during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy. To study the kinetics of the infection in the placenta and in other organs, infected ewes were killed at 105, 120, and 130 days of gestation and also several days after abortion or parturition. Infected ewes developed a systemic infection that caused a mild and transient pneumonia and focal hepatitis. Pathologic changes were observed in placentas at 120 day of gestation, although the lesions varied between animals and even between placentomes of the same placenta. The first placental area infected was the maternal stroma and epithelium next to the intercaruncular areas, where neutrophilic response seemed to control the infection. A substantial degree of multiplication of C. abortus was then observed in the trophoblast cells of the placentome, periplacentomal choriallantoic membranes, and hilius, with an inflammatory exudate composed mainly of neutrophils, some macrophages, and very scarce lymphocytes. After abortion, the lesions affected the intercotyledonary areas of the aborted placentas, whereas in the uterus significant lymphocyte infiltration was observed, together with a rapid decrease of the C. abortus antigen in the degenerated caruncular tissues.
 ...
PMID:Kinetics of infection and effects on the placenta of Chlamydophila abortus in experimentally infected pregnant ewes. 1534 22

Three captive female nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) either showed late-term abortion or their newborn calves died within 2 days of birth. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was demonstrated in the brain and liver of each fetus and in one of the two neonates by single-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TGR1E and by seminested PCR with B1 gene. Retrospectively, antibodies titers > or =640 to T. gondii by indirect fluorescence were found in the sera of all three female and one male nilgais. No other cause of abortion was detected. Fatal toxoplasmosis was also diagnosed in one captive, adult female saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), which died suddenly. Toxoplasma gondii was detected in the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine. An unusual finding was the presence of numerous tissue cysts in the liver of this animal. Toxoplasmosis was confirmed by PCR with TGR1E and immunohistochemically. Toxoplasmic hepatitis and pneumonia were considered to be the primary causes of death.
 ...
PMID:Toxoplasmosis in nilgais (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and a saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica). 1573 96

An immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure for the detection of Campylobacter fetus antigens using an avidin-biotin complex technique was performed on formalin fixed bovine and ovine fetal tissues from 26 natural cases of Campylobacter spp. abortion (four ovine and 22 bovine). The species of Campylobacter isolated included C. fetus ssp. venerealis from 13 bovine fetuses, C. fetus ssp. fetus from two ovine and one bovine fetus, Campylobacter jejuni from seven bovine fetuses, Campylobacter lari from two ovine fetuses and an unspeciated Campylobacter species in one bovine fetus. Histologic lesions identified in the aborted fetuses included placentitis, serositis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, hepatitis and encephalitis. Campylobacter fetus antigens were identified by IHC in 13 of 13 bovine fetuses from which C. fetus ssp. venerealis was isolated and in two of two ovine fetuses from which C. fetus ssp. fetus was isolated. The IHC stains were negative in tissues from seven bovine fetuses from which C. jejuni was isolated, one bovine fetus infected with C. fetus ssp. fetus, one bovine fetus infected with the unspeciated Campylobacter and two ovine fetuses infected with C. lari. In positive cases, the IHC stain most frequently identified bacteria in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. The C. fetus IHC procedure performed on formalin fixed tissues is a practical tool for the diagnosis of natural cases of ovine and bovine abortion caused by C. fetus.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of Campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions. 1587 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>