Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case notes of all patients who died over the January 1980 to December 1985 period in Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as a result of conditions associated with pregnancy, labor, and puerperium were reviewed in an effort to identify the most common causes of maternal death. Postpartum autopsy seldom was possible; consequently, the cause of death was based on clinical findings only. 216 deaths occurred over the 6-year period; there were 22,404 live births in the same period, giving a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 9.6/1000. This rate included deaths from complications following abortions. 197 of the deaths occurred in women who were not booked into Tikur Anbessa Hospital. In terms of direct causes of death, abortion, puerperal sepsis, and ruptured uterus together accounted for 75.9% of deaths. Of indirect causes, infectious hepatitis, relapsing fever, and malaria accounted for 56.8% of deaths. Of deaths due to abortion, 21/48 occurred in nulliparas, and 25 were below age 19. Of the deaths caused by ruptured uterus, 20/29 occurred in multipara, and all of those women were from rural areas. The majority of deaths from hepatitis occurred in the 30-34 years age group. In Ethiopia, the maternal mortality rate is high because of both poor or inadequate antenatal and postnatal care as well as because of poor transportation and communication systems.
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PMID:A six-year review of maternal mortality in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa. 341 42

In Hungary, Coxiella (C.) burnetii infections were diagnosed for the first time in 1956 in a few dairy and sheep farms. Q fever associated with abortion was first demonstrated in 1983 during laboratory diagnostic examination of fetuses and placentae. From case history data and on-the-spot investigations it is clear that in cattle stocks abortion caused by C. burnetii occurs sporadically, whereas in sheep flocks numerous abortions may take place within a short time. Losses caused by Q fever on the affected large-scale farms amount to 5-15%, which arise partly from reduced calf or lamb crop and partly from the death of offspring born with poor viability and being highly susceptible to neonatal disease. Altogether 87 cases of human disease caused by C. burnetii have been reported in the Hungarian literature. Instead of typical pneumonia, in recent years sporadic cases of granulomatous hepatitis were a constant finding accompanied by a characteristic blood picture and high titres of specific antibodies.
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PMID:Epidemiology and significance of Q fever in Hungary. 343 13

Twenty-eight pregnant ewes were inoculated IV with approximately 6 X 10(8) nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacteria (NAFB) that had been isolated from an aborted lamb. Abortion occurred in 3 of the ewes and 1 ewe gave birth to a weak lamb. The remaining 24 ewes and 3 other ewes inoculated orally with NAFB did not develop clinical signs of illness. Suppuration and vasculitis were seen in the placentas of the 3 aborted lambs, 1 of which had necropurulent hepatitis indistinguishable from that usually attributed to Campylobacter fetus infection. The NAFB was isolated from fetal placenta, abomasal content, or internal organs of 2 aborted lambs and the weak lamb. A morphologically similar organism was seen in the abomasal content of the other aborted lamb, but the organism did not grow on bacteriologic culture medium. Therefore, in susceptible pregnant ewes, NAFB can cause fetal placentitis and hepatitis and subsequent birth of weak lambs or abortion.
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PMID:Abortion in sheep caused by a nonclassified, anaerobic, flagellated bacterium. 395 1

Five livers of equine fetuses, aborted due to the action of equine abortion virus, five livers from men, two of whom died of epidemic hepatitis and three obtained by needle biopsies, 5 livers of dogs with infectious canine hepatitis and 7 livers of ducklings that had hepatitis, were studied histopathologically. The foals' livers were studied by several staining methods and the others by H. E. only. The results indicate that the lesions are quite similar in the four species with the appearance of nuclear inclusion bodies only in foals and dogs. The strong staining properties of the nuclear inclusion bodies in infectious canine hepatitis and the weak staining properties of the equine virus abortion reveal that the protein-DNA association is different resulting in a different electropolarity. The lesions in foals are of two main types, one a Necrotic-Mosaic Type in which the hepatocyte degeneration is irregularly distributed within the hepatic lobules and the other an Hyperplastic Type in which marked regeneration occurs. In the Hyperplastic Type the practical absence of plasmocytes in foals' livers might suggest that if the newborn is a female, abortions may occur later in life because the virus remained alive in colts which were born in an immune tolerance state.Histologically the picture in the livers of aborted foals assume features of a viral hepatitis similar to the viral hepatitis in men, dogs and ducklings.
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PMID:Hepatitis due to equine abortion virus. Comparison between the liver histology in human, canine, duckling, and equine viral hepatitis. 422 86

General anesthesia offers greater comfort for both the abortion patient and the operator. The combination of diazepam and ketamine which is rapidly reversible and offers a moderately deep anesthesia was used in 127 voluntary abortions and 3 therapeutic abortions. Patients ranged in age from 14-40 years and averaged 26, with 58% under 26. Patient weights ranged from 40-82 kg and averaged 56 kg. 43% were primaparas and average parity was 2.5. The average duration of the prenancy was 8.1 weeks. 10 patients were obese, 1 was asthmatic, 1 was a controlled hypertensive, 3 had cardiopathies, and 4 each had hepatitis and meningitis. 1 had treated epilepsy and 2 had serious depressive syndromes. 3 women had previously had voluntary abortions, 9 had had miscarriages, and 1 had had an extrauterine pregnancy. 17% had no fear or anxiety before the procedure, 56% had moderate levels, 28% had significant levels, and 19% had very high levels. 94% of the procedures were done by aspiration and in most cases a preliminary insertion of laminaria was done. The average duration of the procedure was 5 minutes, with extremes of 2 and 25 minutes. Patients were premedicated 1 hour before the procedure with intramuscular injections of 10 mg diazepam and 1/4 mg of atropine. For the induction, a butterfly needle with an antireturn system was used to inject 10 mg of diazepam and 1/4 mg of atropine diluted in 20 ml of distilled water. The patient was placed in the gynecological position and, if necessary, 5 mg of diazepam were added. Between .5-1 mg/kg of ketamine were injected in 10-15 seconds. The same dose was reinjected if the anesthesia was insufficient or the procedure was prolonged. A mixture of 40% oxygen and 60% nitrous oxide was administered if necessary. Patients remained in bed for 6 hours after awakening. 85% of patients received total doses of ketamine of .70mg/kg or less. Average duration of anesthesia was 9.2 minutes, with durations of less than 15 minutes in 94% of cases. On awakening 5% of patients had nausea and vomiting. 16% had minor psychic disturbances or disorientation, 8% had moderate problems with vocalization, and 2% had hallucinatory delirium with agitation. Overall, 20% of patients experienced headaches, 11% nausea, and 9% dizziness. It was concluded that the combination of diazepam .2 mg/kg and ketamine .5-.7 mg/kg provides well tolerated light anesthesia utilizable for outpatient abortions.
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PMID:[Diazepam and ketamine for voluntary interruptions of pregnancy]. 692 72

Studies on 42 patients (38 women, 4 men) with chronic-destructive non-purulent cholangitis or primary biliary cirrhosis demonstrated that the duration of symptoms does not correlate with the histological stages. The shortest duration of symptoms was found in patients in the cirrhotic stage. Enzyme levels measured at the time of diagnosis indicated that--contrary to serum bilirubin and serum copper levels--they did not correlate with the stage of the disease. There was an increased frequency of allergic signs in the past history of this group of patients. Furthermore, in all the women (average age 45) there was a 29% abortion rate. Among the three control groups (no liver disease, chronic-aggressive hepatitis, other forms of liver disease), the one with chronic-aggressive hepatitis also showed a high abortion rate (19.5%).
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PMID:[New aspects of the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, a study of 42 patients (author's transl)]. 719 20

Two pregnant mares diagnosed as having equine monocytic ehrlichiosis based on history, clinical signs, and high serum antibody titers to Ehrlichia risticii aborted subsequent to recovery from illness. Mare 1 and mare 2 experienced clinical illness at 120 and 143 days of gestation and aborted at 203 and 226 days of gestation, respectively. The fetuses were expelled in fresh condition, and both mares retained their placentas upon abortion. Gross findings for the fetuses included meconium staining and petechiation of external surfaces. Internally, there was increased volume of feces within the small and large intestines and liver discoloration with enlargement. Microscopic findings included lymphohistiocytic enterocolitis, hepatitis, and myocarditis. Lymphoid hyperplasia and depletion were present in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. Ehrlichia risticii was recovered from bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, colon, and liver of the first fetus and bone marrow and colon of the second fetus. Electron microscopic evaluation of the organism isolated in cell culture revealed morphology consistent with E. risticii. The isolated organism was inoculated into a naive pony, and this pony developed high levels of antibody against E. risticii, became ehrlichemic, and developed clinical signs of depression, anorexia, and mild diarrhea. These findings confirm that E. risticii is an abortifacient under conditions of natural infection and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of equine abortions.
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PMID:Identification of Ehrlichia risticii as the causative agent of two equine abortions following natural maternal infection. 761 2

We report the case of a 40 year-old woman, pregnant for 4 months, with acute hepatitis revealed by jaundice, fever and high serum aminotransferase levels. Infection by Listeria monocytogenes was demonstrated by blood cultures. The course of the disease was characterized by abortion and complete recovery of hepatitis within 4 weeks after antibiotic administration. This report shows that listeriosis can cause acute severe hepatitis.
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PMID:[Acute hepatitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection]. 781 67

We conducted a randomized trial comparing expectant management versus immunotherapy with paternal leukocytes to improve obstetric outcome in women with unexplained recurrent abortion. Eligible for the study were women with unexplained recurrent abortion (three or more miscarriages and no live birth), negative findings of immunological screening and no inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte culture. These women were seen for the first time between October 1988 and March 1991 in a network of obstetric departments in Northern Italy. Subjects positive for HLA DR3 or with a partner positive for hepatitis virus B antigen were not eligible. A total of 44 women entered the study. Patients were randomly allocated to immunotherapy (22 women) or expectant management (22 women). Women allocated to immunotherapy were given 200 x 10(6) purified paternal lymphocytes before pregnancy. Median follow-up was 24 months (range 10-39) in the immunotherapy group and 25 months (range 11-38) in the expectant management group. Out of the 22 women randomized to immunotherapy, 16 became pregnant and the corresponding value was 14 in the expectant management group. Spontaneous abortion occurred in six out of the 16 pregnancies observed in the treated women. Among the 14 pregnancies observed in the expectant management group, two aborted and one late fetal death occurred. The cumulative proportions of women who became pregnant over 4 years were 37 and 45% in the immunotherapy and expectant management groups respectively; this difference was not significant. No adverse effect was observed in treated women.
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PMID:Immunotherapy and recurrent abortion: a randomized clinical trial. 796 26

In an attempt to assess concepts of disease, we questioned 33 Ethiopian Jews (Falashas) in Ethiopia about 13 diseases: 8 western and 5 cultural syndromes (in the Amharic language): birrd (cold), wugat (stabbing chest pain), moygnbagegn (neurologic disorder), mitch (sunstroke), and attent hono kere (retained fetus becoming bone). Disease causation was often attributed to spirits and the sun. None of the interviewees understood the cause of: a) epilepsy, most attributing it to spirits and recommending smelling match smoke as treatment, b) prolonged labor, attributed by most to the evil kole spirit and is managed by traditional birth attendants; and c) abortion, believed to be caused by exposure to sun or cold. Less than 20% linked malaria to mosquitoes. Most correlated splenomegaly with malaria. Hepatitis was believed to be caused by a bird or bat flying around the affected person. Multiple factors were linked to diarrhea, including a journey in the sun. Moygnbagegn is the only condition treated by venisection from brachial veins; wugat is treated by "cupping". Modern medicine was recommended by < 30% of those questioned for epilepsy, splenomegaly, hepatitis, and Ethiopian cultural diseases. It was recommended most for malaria (52%), sexually transmitted diseases (55%), and diarrhea (69%).
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PMID:Traditional beliefs and disease practices of Ethiopian Jews. 875 85


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