Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Equine abortion virus (EAV)-induced hepatitis in hamsters presents an interesting animal model for the evaluation of drugs possessing anti-deoxyribonucleic acid virus activity. These experiments demonstrate that 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-HxMP), a new synthetic, water-soluble, antiviral agent, effectively controls this disease in hamsters with a therapeutic index of approximately 60. Ara-HxMP prevented hepatitis-associated deaths in hamsters, reduced the titer of EAV developing in hamsters, and inhibited the increase of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in EAV-infected hamsters.
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PMID:Efficacy of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate in therapy of equine abortion virus-induced hepatitis in hamsters. 17 9

The inoculation of equine herpesvirus type 3 (EHV3) strain 65/61 into the amniotic cavity of a mare 6-7 months pregnant resulted in abortion 11 days later. Following abortion typical lesions of coital exanthema were not observed in the genital tract of the mare, nor was EHV3 isolated from her. Serological evidence, however, indicated that the mare was infected with EHV3 following inoculation. Grossly the foetal disease was characterised by placentitis, focal ulcerative dermatitis, focal necrosis of the lungs and a striking diptheritic gastritis. Histological findings were interstitial pneumonia, diffuse hepatitis, generalised myositis, extensive vascular necrosis and degeneration of a range of epithelial cells. EHV3 was isolated from the placenta and placental fluids, stomach fluid, pooled thoracic and abdominal fluid, skin, lung, spleen and small intestine of the foetus.
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PMID:Equine herpesviruses: type 3 as an abortigenic agent. 18 3

Seventy-eight British soldiers stationed in the Eastern Sovereign Base Area (ESBA) in Cyprus contracted Q fever in the period December 1974 to June 1975. Pneumonia developed in 59% of cases. Of 31 patients tested, 81% had biochemical evidence of hepatitis although only one became clinically jaundiced. Three patients (4%) suffered pericarditis. Treatment with tetracycline had no apparent effect on the course of the disease. Investigation revealed an abortion epidemic involving 21 mixed flocks of sheep and goats in the south-eastern coastal region. 11 of the flocks grazed in and around the ESBA. A serological survey of 10 affected flocks, and evidence collected from previous years, indicated that the abortion epidemic was the result of infection with Coxiella burneti. Infection in the humans was almost certainly acquired by inhalation of dust from brush contaminated with rickettsial parturition products of the aborting flocks. A human serological survey revealed a number of cases of subclinical Q fever in a susceptivle military population, and an asymptomatic epidemic in a largely immune local position.
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PMID:Q fever and animal abortion in Cyprus. 55 66

In cases of intensive jaundice accompanying pregnancy, the activity of hepatic genesis is to be strongly considered. As an example, the case of 22-year-old woman with a jaundice of an uncertain genesis, in the 18th week of pregnancy, is examined. After 2 more weeks of examination, a diagnosis of severe viral hepatitis was made. The pregnancy was terminated in the 20th week. After the abortion, the condition did not improve. Further examination showed confusing results, which were finally diagnosed as choleostasic hepatitis. Retrospective examination of diagnostic results lead to the conclusion that the actual problem was idiopathic jaundice.
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PMID:[Idiopathic jaundice in pregnancy]. 102 56

In the course of a typhoid epidemic during the autumn of 1974 in the Heidelberg region 74 persons were treated in hospital. Chloramphenicol was give to 45, ampicillin to 19. The former, in daily doses of 2.0 g, gave worse results if given for only two instead of three weeks. In comparison, ampicillin was less effective. A second course of treatment became necessary in 13 patients, with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bactrim) being succesful in all, although the follow-up period is still too short for definitive results. Three complications occurred: one case of massive bleeding from the gut requiring operation and followed some weeks later by a HBS-antigen-negative hepatitis; one case of typhoma (several weeks after the end of antibiotic treatment), requiring operative removal; a case of febrile abortion in the second month of pregnancy.
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PMID:[Clinical course of typhoid in the Heidelberg region (author's transl)]. 108 Jul 5

From 1968 through 1974 at the University of Minnesota there were 17 pregnancies in 12 patients who were renal transplant recipients. Three were cadaver transplants and nine were transplants from living related donors. In eight patients there were two first-trimester pregnancy termination, three mid-trimester abortions by hysterotomy, and one spontaneous abortion. Two of the induced abortions were in patients with ileal conduits. There were no unusual major obstetric complications but toxemia of pregnancy and concurrent bacterial and viral infections were common medical problems. Of the liveborn infants, only three of the 12 were small for their gestational age, seven were of appropriate size, and two were large. There were no neonatal problems and no congenital anomalies. Renal function during pregnancy was carefully monitored and was compromised in three of the patients studied. One patient had three pregnancies, including the delivery of a set of twins. Several months following her third delivery she developed fatal hepatitis. Two patients developed carcinoma in situ of the cervix. Pregnancy following renal transplantation is not without risk. Sexually active female transplant recipients should be counseled regarding pregnancy and sterilization should be offered as an option at the time of transplantation.
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PMID:Pregnancy following renal transplantation. 110 87

Problems of pregnancy in patients with liver disease are discussed. The effects of pregnancy on the disease course are generally limited to triggering of intensifiying icterus and pruritus; intrahepatic cholestasis may also occur. Increased incidences of miscarriage and prematurity have been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, cholestasis, and Dubin-Johnson syndrome, which is hereditary, and viral hepatitis in early pregnancy (increased incidence of chromosome abnormalities). Liver diseases constitute a relative indication for abortion, depending on the general state of the mother's health and her desire for the child. Problems of diagnosis and treatment are also considered.
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PMID:[Pregnancy in liver diseases]. 112 34

The fetoplacental units and the postgravid uterus of BALB/cJ (H-2d) mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Coxiella burnetii (Nine Mile isolate, phase I) on day 6 of pregnancy were examined histologically and immunocytochemically at 1 to 160 days postinoculation. Clinically, abortions, stillbirths, and perinatal deaths were observed. Histological lesions in the placenta were characterized by severe necrosis of the decidua basalis and the labyrinth, fibrinoid degeneration of decidual vessels, and microthrombosis. Pyometra and endometritis at the sites of previous placental attachment, characterized by ulceration, central necrosis, and moderate cellular infiltration consisting of neutrophils and macrophages, were observed postpartum. Pups sacrificed at the age of 9 days exhibited interstitial pneumonia with few granulomas and granulomatous hepatitis and splenitis. Immunocytochemically, antigen-bearing cells were first detected in the decidua 9 days postconception, and single immunopositive cells were detected in the fetal placenta 4 days later. Thereafter, until abortion or parturition, abundant accumulation of C. burnetii antigen was observed in the maternal and fetal compartments of the placenta. Up to 28 days postinoculation, many immunopositive cells were demonstrated at the sites of previous placental attachment, whereas the adjacent endometrium contained only a few antigen-positive cells. C. burnetii antigen was demonstrated in decidual cells, trophoblasts, and macrophages and extracellularly within the sinuses of the labyrinth and in the uterine lumen but not in granulated metrial gland cells. Fetuses in utero and aborted, stillborn, or perinatally dying offspring were immunocytochemically negative for C. burnetii antigen; however, pups killed 9 days after birth showed lesion-associated positive immunoreaction in the lung, liver, and spleen. The present study shows that infection with C. burnetii during pregnancy results in uncontrolled growth of the organism in the murine uteroplacental unit and that associated lesions are characterized by necrosis of placental tissues, fibrinoid degeneration of decidual vessels, and microthrombosis.
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PMID:Histological and immunocytochemical characterization of Coxiella burnetii-associated lesions in the murine uterus and placenta. 145 56

Twelve pregnant women and one woman who had just given birth were hospitalized with measles in Houston between 1988 and 1990. The most common and serious maternal complication was pneumonitis (seven patients). Other maternal complications included hepatitis (seven patients), premature labor (four patients), spontaneous abortion (one patient), and death (one patient). For four of 13 patients, all of whom had severe measles and pneumonitis due to measles virus, an adverse fetal outcome such as abortion or prematurity was associated with their conditions. Historical accounts describing maternal sequelae of measles have suggested more severe disease in pregnant women, although this observation has not always been confirmed by more recent reports in developed countries. The clinical course in our patients suggests that measles during pregnancy may be associated with serious complications.
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PMID:Complications of measles during pregnancy. 162 85

This study considers the effects of a maternity care program within a community based maternal and child health and family planning program (MCH--FP) in rural Bangladesh (Matlab subdistrict). The area is rural and poor, with literacy rates of 30% for men and 17% for women; total fertility rates range from 5.5 to 4.3/woman and infant mortality from 110/1000 live births to 75/1000 in 1989. A demographic surveillance system was begun in 1966, and in 1977, MCH-FP was set up as a special treatment area separate from a comparable area with only Government health services. There are 80 community health workers (CHWs) who visit and collect data on each household of every village every 2 weeks. Maternal mortality is established by protocol. Maternal mortality in this study is defined as deaths occurring during pregnancy, delivery, or 6 weeks postpartum and attributable to obstetric complications but not conditions aggravated by the pregnancy or postpartum status (diarrhea, hepatitis, respiratory tract infections). Maternity care and referral is provided by the CHWs. Up to 1986, contraceptive use prevalence rates increased but maternal mortality remained at 5.5/1000 live births. Interventions based on a retrospective study of causes and conditions of maternal mortality were instituted in 1987. These consisted of posting professional midwives equipped to treat immediately obstetric complications in villages and a backup referral system. The intervention program was set up in 50% of the MCH--FP area and consisted of 48,000 people living in 39 villages. There were 1600 pregnancies a year in the program area, or an average of 33 a month/midwife (4 midwives in 2 outposts). Backup included a new maternity clinic without surgical, radiological or modern laboratory facilities, but staff available to stabilize patients for transfer to a regional hospital. Data was collected by the midwives, including the ratio of deaths/1000 live births as the best measure of the risk of dying during pregnancy. The results of the comparison between the intervention area, which also had a higher infant and adult female mortality rate, and the control area for 1987-89 showed that the odds ratio of obstetric death in the pre and post period was .31 (95% CI .11-.81, p=.007); there was no significant change in the control area. The principal causes of death reduced by the program and ranked in decreasing order were abortion complications, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum sepsis, obstructed labor and eclampsia. It is likely that the intervention was the significant factor in the mortality reduction since the areas were similar sociodemographically. Another method for reducing maternal mortality has been implemented and being evaluated: the use of female paramedical field workers to detect high risk pregnancies.
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PMID:Effect on mortality of community-based maternity-care programme in rural Bangladesh. 168 49


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