Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the intravenous laser blood (ELB) treatment on the sensitivity of blood components with respect to drugs was studied in patients with nonspecific reactive hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. An ELB course reduced the functional activity of thrombocytes in the presence of fibrinogen and adrenaline hydrochloride (collagen inductors), which must be taken into account when these drugs are used as hemostatic agents.
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PMID:[Effect of the intravenous laser blood irradiation on efficacy of drug preparations]. 1110 33

For diseases in which thrombosis plays a pivotal role, such as virus-induced fulminant hepatitis, fetal loss syndrome, and xenograft rejection, the major procoagulant has remained elusive. Here we describe the isolation and functional expression of a distinct human prothrombinase, termed FGL2. The murine fgl2 gene product has been implicated in the pathophysiology of murine fulminant hepatitis. The predicted ORF corresponds to a 439-amino-acid type II integral membrane protein that contains a carboxy-terminal Fibrinogen-related domain. Functional analysis showed that FGL2-encoded protein is indeed a prothrombinase. This enzyme is a serine protease and directly cleaves prothrombin to thrombin. The FGL2 gene is a single-copy gene in the haploid human genome and has two exons separated by a 2195-bp intron expressing two mRNA transcripts of 1.5 and 5.0 kb. The 5'-flanking region contains putative cis-elements including a TATA box, an AP1 site, CEBP sites, Sp1 site, and Ets binding domains. By both radiation hybrid analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization, human FGL2 was localized to 7q11.23.
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PMID:Genomic characterization, localization, and functional expression of FGL2, the human gene encoding fibroleukin: a novel human procoagulant. 1117 Jul 50

A 12-year-old Japanese boy had chronic elevation and fluctuation of serum transaminase levels since infancy, with no signs or symptoms of liver failure. Usual infections or metabolic disorders were eliminated from consideration. No coagulopathy or abnormality in plasma concentrations of clotting factors was found. Light microscopy of liver biopsy specimens obtained at ages 2, 5, and 7 years showed slight hepatocyte disarray and minimal mononuclear-leukocyte lobular inflammation, with eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes throughout the lobule. These bodies stained with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique; the PAS-positive material was partly diastase digestible and on immunostaining marked for fibrinogen but not for alpha 1-antitrypsin. On transmission electron microscopy, the bodies were represented by finely granular material contained within membranes and were interpreted as tentatively endoplasmic reticulum. Fibrinogen storage may be manifest as minimal hepatitis without coagulopathy.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and minimal hepatitis: fibrinogen storage without hypofibrinogenemia. 1137 Feb 69

Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis after saline-solution-induced abortion is discussed. A 23-year-old woman who had a therapeutic abortion by intraamniotic instillation of 23% saline solution developed uterine bleeding 2 hours after the fetus had passed. Her fibrinogen level was 125 mg% (normal 250-450 mg%) and her partial thromboplastin time was 97 seconds (normal 45 seconds). 2 units of fibrinogen, followed by immune serum globulin, were administered to the patient. Approximately 2 1/2 months later the patient developed hepatitis. The question of whether or not this was proper treatment for her low fibrinogen state was asked. The consultant (author) stated that the fibrinogen could have been kept in reserve for the unlikely emergency of increasing fibrinogenopenia or hemorrhage. The addition of the fibrinogen substrate could (rarely) exacerbate disseminated intravascular coagulation as well as inoculate the patient with hepatitis virus. In a patient such as this, usually needs are met with transient obstetric and medical support since body processes restore the depleted hemostatic and fibrinolytic mechanisms.
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PMID:Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis after saline-solution-induced abortion. 1230 85

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a key role in several types of fulminant and acute hepatitis, and induces massive apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Our previous studies described the central role played by several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and one or more unknown serine proteases. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of serine proteases of the fibrinolytic pathway, known to be activators of several MMPs, in TNF-induced hepatitis and fibrinogen (FG) breakdown. Experiments were performed in a model of TNF-induced hepatitis, consisting of administration of TNF in combination with D-(+)-galactosamine (GalN) to mice deficient in urokinase-type plasminogen (PG) activator (u-PA), tissue-type PG activator (t-PA) or PG. Lethality, transaminase release, increased plasma clotting time and FG levels were measured. In PA- and PG-deficient mice, TNF/GalN still induced hepatitis, as well as increased clotting time and FG breakdown. MMP-9 activation still occurred in the liver despite the lack of plasmin. The data suggest that the serine proteases involved in TNF-induced lethal hepatitis are no constituents of the fibrinolytic cascade.
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PMID:Serine proteases of the fibrinolysis pathway are not involved in lethal hepatitis and fibrinogen breakdown induced by tumor necrosis factor. 1282 1

Fibrin sealants are prepared from fibrinogen, thrombin and sometimes also factor XIII that have been purified from human plasma. Bovine aprotinin is also included in some preparations. Each of these components has the potential to carry blood-borne pathogens, albeit at a very low frequency. In order to minimize the risk of viral transmission from commercial fibrin sealants, plasma donations undergo a series of procedures that contribute to avoiding, inactivating and eliminating potential contaminants. The procedures for selection and screening of plasma donors, and the testing of donated plasma, incorporates highly sensitive molecular techniques (e.g. PCR testing) and contributes significantly to reducing the theoretical possibility of viral transmission. The starting material for bovine aprotinin is also carefully selected, and the manufacturing process rigorously assessed, to minimize the putative risk of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathies. The manufacturing process for commercial fibrin sealants comprises a range of procedures, including heat treatment (e.g. pasteurization, dry or vapor heating), filtration, solvent/detergent treatment, precipitation, pH treatment and chromatography. Some steps are an inherent part of the purification process and others (e.g. pasteurization, nanofiltration) are deliberately introduced to inactivate/eliminate potential pathogens. Current manufacturing processes provide a very high degree of safety for fibrin sealants. In 20 years of worldwide use, there have been no known cases of hepatitis or HIV transmission associated with the use of commercial fibrin sealants.
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PMID:The safety of fibrin sealants. 1286 85

The association of lichen planus (LP) with liver diseases is now well established. Recent reports suggest that the hepatitis viruses may play a central role in this association. Lichen planus following hepatitis B vaccination is much more unusual. A 19-year-old previously healthy male developed itchy violaceous papules and plaques over the upper extremities eight to ten days after the first injection of hepatitis B vaccine. He developed similar lesions over the upper trunk, neck and lower leg after the second and third injections. A skin biopsy showed a lichenoid tissue reaction. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed multiple colloid bodies and a strong continuous ragged basement membrane zone (BMZ) band with fibrinogen. HbsAg by ELISA and anti-HCV antibodies were negative. The patient was treated with oral steroids and the lesions improved. LP is a pruritic inflammatory dermatosis of unknown origin. An increased prevalence of liver disease in patient with LP has been reported. Since the first case reported by Rebora in 1990, about 15 cases of LP occurring after hepatitis B vaccination have been reported in the literature irrespective of the type of vaccine used.
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PMID:Lichen planus secondary to hepatitis B vaccination. 1764 22

In 1977, the US Food and Drug Administration revoked all licences for fibrinogen concentrate because of the risk for hepatitis infection and suspected lack of effectiveness. However, in Japan, fibrinogen concentrate was used routinely for treatment of obstetric bleeding until 1988. Even in 1997, academic texts by Japanese authorities in obstetrics still recommended that obstetricians use the product. An estimated 10 000 cases of hepatitis C infection are attributable to use of fibrinogen in Japan and are a result of authoritarianism that hindered effective policy changes. Scientists have a duty to refine repeatedly the quality of their evidence, and policymakers need to adjust existing policies continually to accord with the latest scientific evidence.
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PMID:Risk of authoritarianism: fibrinogen-transmitted hepatitis C in Japan. 1808 87

Electrophoretic patterns of normal dog plasma in veronal buffer at pH 8.5 are shown to be essentially similar to patterns of human plasma. Dog albumin has a higher mobility than human albumin and in a mixture of dog and human plasmas migrates as a partially separated peak. Normal dog plasma frequently shows four alpha globulin peaks. Rates of restoration of plasma protein components in dogs subjected to acute plasmapheresis have been studied by electrophoresis. During the first 24 hours following such acute depletion, appreciable quantities of all electrophoretic components of the plasma proteins enter the circulating blood stream even when food is not given and has not been given for 12 hours before plasmapheresis. In such fasting periods albumin and total globulin appear in approximately the proportions present in normal plasma. Alpha and beta globulins continue relatively elevated during subsequent days in which caloric and protein intakes are adequate for weight and nitrogen gains. Initial albumin levels, however, are regained more slowly than those of total globulin. The relative proportions of the electrophoretic components of plasma proteins may be disturbed from normal following a single acute depletion for as long as 2 to 3 weeks after the total protein level has returned to normal. Abnormally high beta globulin and fibrinogen, but a low albumin, were found in a dog with an acute and chronic cholangitis and hepatitis. Similar elevation of gamma globulin was noted in a dog in which a hemolytic reaction occurred.
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PMID:PLASMA PROTEIN METABOLISM-ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES : RESTORATION OF CIRCULATING PROTEINS FOLLOWING ACUTE DEPLETION BY PLASMAPHERESIS. 1987 73

We developed a novel on-chip assay using protein arrays for quantitative and rapid analysis of blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) activity in human plasma. FXIII is activated by concerted action of thrombin and Ca(2+) and plays essential roles in hemostasis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. We fabricated protein arrays by immobilizing fibrinogen onto the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane layer of well-type arrays and determined FXIII activity by analyzing biotinylated fibrinogen with Cy3-conjugated streptavidin. We determined optimal concentrations of Ca(2+), thrombin, and 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAPA) for the on-chip activity assay, and the detection limit was 0.01 Lowey U/mL (9.9 pM). Using the on-chip activity assay, hepatocellular carcinoma patients (n = 24), but not hepatitis (n = 24) or liver cirrhosis patients (n = 41), had significantly lower FXIII activities (p < 0.001) than normal individuals (n = 41), indicating that FXIII activity is a possible diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, we have successfully used this activity assay to reveal individual variations (37-57%, n = 65) in the inhibition rate of FXIII activity by isoniazid, the first-line antituberculosis agent. Thus, our optimized on-chip FXIII activity assay provides a quantitative and high-throughput approach to investigating the role(s) of FXIII in human diseases. Moreover, it has a strong potential to be applied toward FXIII-related personalized medicines.
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PMID:Rapid determination of blood coagulation factor XIII activity using protein arrays for serodiagnosis of human plasma. 2132 42


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