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Query: UMLS:C0019158 (hepatitis)
 30,205 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new ultrastructural cytoplasmic marker designated as type 2, and distinct from type 1 previously associated with NA-NB hepatitis in chimpanzees, was found in hepatocytes of two patients and of one experimentally infected chimpanzee. These cases represent a minority of all cases we studied as presumed NA-NB viral hepatitis. Type 2 marker consists of tubular structures composed of an assembly of ring-like units coated with smaller uniform fragments, accumulated in different patterns in dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Preliminary data using immunofluorescence with NA-NB hepatitis convalescent serum and antiserum against fibrinogen are reported. Type 2 marker may represent a different agent or a different reaction pattern to one agent of NA-NB viral hepatitis. Its features are compared with those of hepatitis B.
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PMID:New ultrastructural marker in hepatocytes in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. 681 11

These studies describe an assay of whole blood clot lysis as measured by release of 125I-fibrinogen degradation products. Optimal rates of lysis were obtained at 37 degrees C in 10-12 mM EDTA or 3,8% citrate and 4 u of thrombin/ml. Eighteen normal subjects and eight patients (six with recurrent deep vein thrombosis, one with thrombasthenia, and one with hepatitis and resolving portal vein thrombosis) were studied using this assay. The clots of seventeen of the eighteen normal subjects were 50% lysed at 40 hours. The clots of the patients with venous thrombosis and thrombasthenia did not lyse whereas the clots of the patient with hepatitis, resolving portal vein thrombosis and a high plasminogen activator level (0.32 CTA units) were 100% lysed at 4.5 hrs.
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PMID:Observations on optimal conditions for lysis of whole blood clots and use of this assay as a screening assay in clinical investigation. 682 Jan 94

The efficacy of combined beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation (betaPL/UV) for inactivation of hepatitis B virus in labile blood derivatives has been reviewed. The initial evaluations of these procedures were hampered by inadequate process control that resulted in excessive protein denaturation; furthermore, adequate evaluation of process efficacy for virus inactivation was prevented by the absence of titered hepatitis virus stocks, the lack of an animal model, and the failure to carry out controlled trials. Finally, it was not appreciated that the power of these procedures lay especially in their use in combination. These deficits have now been remedied. To permit quantitation of process efficacy, a regression analysis of the relation between virus dose and incubation period in chimpanzees has been carried out. This has provided a means of estimating virus titer and determining the accuracy of such estimates. The most recent data suggest that betaPL/UV can reduce the titer of hepatitis B virus about 10 million fold (10(-7)). The process efficacy for betaPL/UV followed by the special adsorption procedures used in preparation of a stabilized human serum containing most human serum proteins except for factor VIII, the factor IX complex, fibrinogen, and the lipoproteins was estimated as a 10(8)-fold reduction in virus titer. This degree of virus inactivation should be more than sufficient to sterilize the amounts of hepatitis B virus that could be expected in pooled human plasma that has been screened for hepatitis B surface antigen. Preliminary data also suggest that the betaPL/UV procedure effectively inactivates non-A, non-B hepatitis virus(es).
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PMID:beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet irradiation: a review of its effectiveness for inactivation of viruses in blood derivatives. 682 13

Since 1980 an autologous tissue glue has been used for microsurgery and plastic surgery at the University of Graz, Clinic for Oto-rhino-laryngology. This tissue glue is made from the patient's own blood plasma. The advantages are: No danger of an immune reaction or infection by virus hepatitis, no storage problems, easy to synthesize, few expenses. Because of the low concentration of fibrinogen, the stability at the beginning of gluing, compared to the other tissue glues, was less. We succeeded in producing a new autologous tissue glue with a highly concentrated amount of fibrinogen, which provided a better stability at the beginning of gluing. According to application, the content of fibrinogen can be varied. The adhesiveness of the concentrated autologous tissue glue was tested and compared to another kind of homologous tissue glue.
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PMID:[Concentrated autologous tissue glue]. 687 Jun 61

The hepatitis risk of protein fractions derived from pooled human plasma is eliminated by beta-propiolactone treatment and UV irradiation. The combination of this sterilization procedure with an adsorption and elution procedure leads to coagulation factor concentrates such as fibrinogen, factor VIII and factor IX concentrate and a stabilized serum preparation for intravenous use. This technology is carried out mostly at room temperature, without alcohol and minimum pollution. It seems, especially for developing countries, an attractive alternative to the widely used alcohol fractionation.
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PMID:Fractionation of cold-sterilized plasma. A new concept in production of non-infectious plasma proteins. 689 Mar 53

A systemic BCG infection in mice induced multiple small granulomas located mainly in the periportal areas of the liver. Following systemic challenge of such mice with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), a rapidly developing hepatitis with diffuse intralobular mononuclear cell infiltration was precipitated, accompanied by high levels of aspartate transaminase in peripheral blood, hypoglycemia, focal hepatocyte necrosis, and accumulation of fibrinogen in liver. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also provoked acute hepatic damage both in BCG-infected mice and in mice pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum. PPD was not active in the latter. There were also lymphoid cell destruction and fibrinogen accumulation in the spleen of BCG-PPD-treated mice. Possible involvement of inflammatory and hepatotoxic mediators is suggested, and a T-lymphocyte-macrophage regulatory role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis is discussed.
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PMID:Tuberculin hypersensitivity hepatitis in mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). 702 5

A 13-year-old girl with chronic aggressive hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, ulcerative colitis, and a coagulation defect acquired an antibody that specifically interfered with fibrin formation. We sought to characterize the antibody and determine the mechanism of its inhibitory activity. The patient's purified fibrinogen was functionally normal; however, the antibody inhibited the self-assembly of fibrin and prolonged the clotting times of the patient's plasma. This antibody, which belonged to the IgG class of immunoglobulins, acted early in the polymerization process to inhibit the association of fibrin monomers, as indicated by a prolonged lag time and a decreased slope in the polymerization curves. It did not inhibit fibrinopeptide cleavage or fibrin cross-linking. Affinity chromatography indicated that the antibody bound strongly to both fibrinogen and fibrin monomer.
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PMID:A naturally occurring antibody that inhibits fibrin polymerization. 720 22

Coagulum pyelolithotomy is a time-saving and tissue-conserving method which minimizes the danger of small crystallizations being left behind for new stone formation. A coagulum of excellent elasticity and tenacity can be obtained from the following mixture: first syringe, 20 ml thrombocyte-enriched plasma plus 5 ml human fibrinogen, and second syringe, 1 ml thrombin plus 4 ml calcium chloride. During the last 7 years this procedure has been employed in 120 selected patients; of these 84 involved multiple stones and 36 a single stone in a dilated intrarenal system. In only six cases were there residual caliceal fragments. The risk of hepatitis seems to be negligible since (1) only HBsAG-negative plasma and blood extracts are used, and (2) a comparison of two groups of 120 pyelolithotomies, with and without the coagulum, showed only two cases of hepatitis in each group while preoperative hepatitis occurred in five and seven cases, respectively. The enzymatic action or urokinase ensures that missing fibrin particles are dissolved before encrustation can occur. All free stones are caught and extracted with the coagulum. In 23% of cases additional fragments, not indicated by preoperative X-rays, were extracted as well.
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PMID:The value of coagulum pyelolithotomy. 722 99

Transfusion reactions range from mismatching of blood causing reaction, to the transmission of diseases such as hepatitis through the improper screening of blood. This paper discusses guidelines for transfusions of various blood fractions or components, reasons for transfusions of red blood cells rather than whole blood, the problem of blood platelets, the prohibition against fibrinogen, and the various volume expanders.
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PMID:Blood transfusion reactions. 742 88

Two different virus inactivated plasma preparations are available in Germany. Methylene blue ephotoxidized (MB) plasma is plasma from a single donation, which is photoxidized using 1 microM methylene blue and visible light (1 hour 60,000 Lux). Photochemical inactivation reduces HIV by at least 5 log10, but also fibrinogen is altered. To date, the clinical significance of this finding is still unclear, since prospective clinical studies are lacking. Solvent detergent (SD) plasma is manufactured from a pool of about 2000 plasma donations, and triton-X-100 and tri-n-butyl-phosphate (TNBP) are added for virus inactivation. HIV and hepatitis viruses are thus reduced by 5 to 6 log10. SD treatment reduces protein S and alpha-2-antiplasmin by about 40%. Clinical studies have already demonstrated, that SD plasma is comparable with untreated, native fresh frozen plasma in terms of efficacy.
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PMID:[Virus inactivated plasma]. 800 Feb 59


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