Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019087 (hemorrhagic diathesis)
 678 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemorrhagic diathesis and widespread microthrombosis are common in heatstroke. To assess the early stages of coagulopathy in heatstroke, thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT), fibrin monomers, plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin (PAP), plasminogen and D-Dimer were measured in 16 heatstroke patients (means +/- SE rectal temperature 42.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C) pre- and postcooling and compared with 8 heatstressed and 23 normal controls. Comparing heatstroke patients with normal controls, TAT, fibrin monomers, PAP and D-Dimer were elevated to (median (range)) 16.5 (4-1000) versus 3.5 (2-7.2) micrograms/l p < 0.001, 16 (4-113) versus 2 (2-9) nM p < 0.001; 3300 (1000-36500) versus 255 (136-462) micrograms/l p < 0.001 and 0.72 (0.22-64.8) versus 0.15 (0.05-0.25) microgram/ml p < 0.01 respectively. Plasminogen decreased to 81% (34-106); PAP, TAT and D-Dimer correlated significantly with hyperthermia (r = 0.577, p = 0.02; r = 0.635, p = 0.01; r = 0.76, p = 0.003). Postcooling PAP decreased to 545 (260-850) micrograms/l p < 0.005, TAT 10 (6-70) micrograms/l, and fibrin monomers 22 (18-86) nM remained unchanged. Heatstressed controls showed mild but significant increase in all markers. Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis occurs early and is profound and sustained in heatstroke. Cooling seems to attenuate the activation of fibrinolysis only, however, this requires confirmation in a larger study population.
Thromb Haemost 1996 Dec
PMID:Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in heatstroke. 897 10

Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) are severe complications of secondary dengue virus (DV) infection. Vascular leakage, hemorrhagic diathesis and complement activation are the hallmarks of the disease. The short-lived nature of the plasma leakage syndrome has led to the conclusion that altered permeability is most likely effected by a soluble mediator. In the present study, we show that infection of human endothelial cells with DV induces the transcriptional up-regulation and secretion of RANTES and IL-8 and, in the presence of anti-dengue Abs, the formation of nonlytic complement complexes. Extremely high levels of IL-8 were detected in plasma and pleural fluid samples from patients with DSS. Furthermore, DV infection of endothelial cells in vitro caused apoptosis. Complement activation, chemokine induction, and apoptotic cell death may act in concert to cause the fulminant but short-lived vascular leakage that is characteristic of DHF/DSS.
J Immunol 1998 Dec 01
PMID:Dengue virus infection of human endothelial cells leads to chemokine production, complement activation, and apoptosis. 983 24

We studied the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage in 55 patients (30 males, 25 females), aged 19-83 years (mean 60 years). CT scan was made in all patients on admission, with the use of intravenous infusion of contrast agent in 35 patients. Cerebral angiography was performed in 37 patients and MRI was performed in 22 patients. Forty-one patients underwent surgery and the other fourteen patients were treated conservatively. The cause of bleeding had been discovered before surgery in 12 cases; 10 arteriovenous malformations and 2 brain tumors. They were discovered by meticulous neuroradiological investigations including cerebral angiography, MRI, dynamic MRI, MRA and enhancing CT. The cause of bleeding was newly discovered after surgery in 7 cases; all of amyloid angiopathy. It remained unknown in the other 22 surgical cases although hypertensive angiopathy was suspected in eleven of them. Among the 14 patients who received conservative therapy, hemorrhagic diathesis including the use of Warfarin and DIC was the cause of bleeding in four cases and the etiology remained unknown in other ten, although hypertensive angiopathy was suspected in eight of them. The 32 patients in whom the etiology remained unknown had been observed as long as 12-120 months (mean, 40 months) and although bleeding has occurred at different locations in two of these patients, there has been no recurrence of bleeding at the same location in any of them. In conclusion, surgery is not indicated to determine the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage when meticulous neuroradiological investigations fail to disclose any vascular or tumorous lesions.
No Shinkei Geka 1998 Dec
PMID:[Indications for surgery to determine the etiology of subcortical hemorrhage]. 988 45

The development of a factor VIII autoantibody results in a severe hemorrhagic diathesis known as acquired hemophilia A. Underlying pathologies, such as autoimmune disease or chronic inflammatory disease, are observed in about half of the patients. We have investigated a total of 16 cases with acquired hemophilia A and divided the patients into two groups according to the presence or absence of other clinical conditions. Group A comprised nine cases with no detectable associated pathology. Group B consisted of seven cases with other clinical diagnoses. Significant levels of factor VIII activity (FVIII:C) and factor VIII antigen (FVIII:Ag) were detected in Group A and the pattern of FVIII:C inactivation was characteristic of Type 2 inhibitors. In contrast, no FVIII:C was detected in Group B and, in five of seven cases, the inhibitory pattern was Type 1. IgG(4) antibody subclass specificity was dominant in both groups. IgG1 antibody reactivity was higher in Group B than in Group A. Our results suggested a close relationship between the presence of underlying disease and immunological and coagulation characteristics in acquired hemophilia A.
Thromb Res 2001 Dec 15
PMID:Immunological characterization of factor VIII autoantibodies in patients with acquired hemophilia A in the presence or absence of underlying disease. 1175 47

53 of 3100 abortions at Bombay hospital were septic abortions, giving an incidence of 1.7%. Various factors of possible etiological significance were analyzed, including age, parity, marital status, duration of gestation, and the mode of interference leading to sepsis. 36 of 53 patients were aged 20-30 years, but other age groups were represented. In the present study, gravidity was not relevant, for all gravidity groups, from primipara to grand multipara 5 and above, had patients suffering septic abortions. 9 patients were married and gave a history of interference; in all, 38 patients were married, 22 were unmarried, and 4 were widows. 23 patients gave a definite mode of interference, and the most common method was interference with a stick. 43% mortality occurred in patients giving a history of interference, and 36% mortality occurred in others. Vaginal and cervical cultures revealed (16 cases studied) 5 cases of CL. tetani, 1 case of E. coli, and 10 patients showing strepto-, staphylo-, pneumococcal infections. In this series, 21 of 53 patients died: 8 of tetanus, 3 or renal failure, 4 of septicemia, 2 of hemorrhagic diathesis, and 3 of endotoxic shock. 1 patient had acute bacterial endocarditis and pulmonary embolism at sutopsy. It is this article's contention that the main cause of sepsis is using an instrument to induce abortion during an unwanted pregnancy; hence, a plea is made for more liberalized abortion legislation.
J Obstet Gynaecol India 1971 Dec
PMID:Septic abortion. 1226 87

In this study, we present a case of late-puerperal onset of thrombohemorrhagic complications in a 33-yr-old woman with known antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and heterozygosity for factor V Leiden gene mutation. Antithrombotic prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin was given since the 12th gestational week. Pregnancy and cesarean delivery were uncomplicated. Five weeks postpartum, the patient developed a severe hemorrhagic diathesis with marked thrombocytopenia accompanied by vaginal, nasal and cutaneous bleeding. A variety of autoimmune phenomena were also detected, partly at clinical presentation and partly later on, despite ongoing steroid treatment. Platelet counts recovered to normal values within a few weeks secondary to high-dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin administration. An ultrasound of both legs, performed because of persistent complaint of moderate calf pain, revealed bilateral deep venous thromboses (DVT). The clinical and biochemical findings were not consistent with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or the 'hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet syndrome' (HELLP). The diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were not fulfilled either. The complex of thrombohemorrhagic complications and autoimmune phenomena seen in this case is unusual and not previously described in the late puerperal stage of APS-related pregnancies.
Eur J Haematol 2004 Dec
PMID:Late puerperal thrombohemorrhagic complications in a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome. 1552 67

Variola, the agent of smallpox, is a bioterrorist threat, as is monkeypox virus, which also occurs naturally in Africa. Development of countermeasures, in the form of improved vaccines, antiviral drugs, and other therapeutic strategies are a high priority. Recent advances in molecular biology and in animal model development have provided fresh insight into the virulence determinants for smallpox and the pathophysiology of disease. The complex replication cycle for orthopoxviruses, and the pivotal role for viral-specific immunomodulatory proteins which contribute to escape from immunologic surveillance, provide many unique targets for therapeutic intervention. The "toxemia" of smallpox has been elucidated in part by variola-infected primate studies which revealed the central role of apoptosis and the evolution of a cytokine storm leading to hemorrhagic diathesis, resembling fulminent "black" smallpox. This suggests a potential role for therapeutic strategies developed for septic shock, in treatment of smallpox. Drugs licensed for other viruses which share molecular targets with orthopoxviruses (e.g. Cidofovir) or cancer drugs (e.g. Gleevec and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors) have immediate application for treatment of smallpox and monkeypox and provide leads for second generation drugs with higher therapeutic indices. Recent advances in identification of virulence determinants and immune evasion genes facilitate the design of alternative vaccines to replace live vaccinia strains that are unsuitable for a large proportion of individuals in a mass immunization campaign.
Curr Mol Med 2005 Dec
PMID:Countermeasures to the bioterrorist threat of smallpox. 1637 15

Selective amygdalohippocampectomy SAHE has been pioneered by Yasargil et al in the mid 1970 within the scope of surgical treatment for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy MTLE. In this article, the author has emphasized microsurgical points to be kept in mind in carrying out the procedure from the experience of just more than 200 surgeries performed by himself during the last 14 years. Historical backgrounds of development of this technique, necessary topographic anatomy, perioperative management and our results were also presented. (1) Simple temporal lobectomy (S-lobectomy)--> Epilepsy temporal lobectomy (E-lobectomy)--> SAHE has been the way of development, in which the amygdala and hippocampus are resected together at Elobectomy while not at S-lobectomy. At SAHE, the whole temporal lobe remains intact in order to preserve cognitive function as much as possible, although part of the temporal stem is cut as transsylvian access rout to the temporal horn and the hippocamopus. For a novice of this surgery, it is recommended to begin with S-lobectomy then proceed to SAHE after having trained himself by cadaver dissection. (2) Among several approaches for hippocampectomy, the transsylvian SAHE is considered to remain as a standard access to the amygdala and hippocampus also on the dominant hemisphere. Furthermore this approach can be used for other fields of neurosurgery: tentorial edge meningiomas, P2-P3 junction aneurysms and lesions of the insula and basal ganglia. (3) As for the method of SAHE, after having entered through the temporal stem into the temporal horn, the hippocampus is dissected between the medial margin of the collateral eminence and the tela chorioidea -fimbria hippocampi. By this way, most of the amygdala and anterior 2/3 of the hippocampus can be extirpated. En bloc resection enables precise histological examination and further molecular biological research considered to be indispensable for understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of intractable MTLE. (4) Following structures should be preserved at the time of SAHE. Laterocaudal group in the vicinity of the tentorial margin: Oculomotor nerve, posterior cerebral artery PCA with posterior communicating artery Pcom, medial posterior choroidal artery, A. temporalis posterior, trochlear nerve. Mediocranial group in the vicinity of the brain stem: Crus cerebri, AchoA, Tractus opticus, A. parietooccipitalis, Corpus geniculatum laterale. (5) In order to avoid surgical complications to be kept in mind. 1: AchoA should be preserved at any cost. 2: hemorrhagic diathesis due to longstanding medication of antiepileptics especially valproate should be corrected with fresh frozen plasma FFP, thrombocyte-preparation and/or Minirin. (6) Good results (Engel I+II) to stop or alleviate intractable seizures remarkably could be obtained in more than 80% of patients in our previous report and also in this series of consecutive 190 cases. Strict indication based on presurgical epileptological examinations including special electroencephalography EEG leading like Foramen ovale electrode, selective Wada test and interdisciplinary discussion are mandatory. These careful procedures bring good outcome by preventing complications especially postoperative deterioration of cognitive function.
No Shinkei Geka 2007 Dec
PMID:[Operative neurosurgery: personal view and historical backgrounds (4). Selective amygdalohippocampectomy SAHE]. 1808 May 19

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) that is characterized by peculiar clinical and biologic features, including severe hemorrhagic diathesis, specific recurrent chromosomal aberration, and distinct morphologic features with predominant pathologic promyelocytes. A reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 15 and 17, t(15;17)(q22;q21), is a characteristic feature of APL that represents approximately 5-8% of AML. The rearranged gene created by this translocation encodes a chimeric protein PML-RARA that is a transcriptional repressor. In contrast to other AML subtypes, APL is particularly sensitive to treatment with all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy, converting this once fatal leukemia to a highly curable disease. Nonetheless, therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome-acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML) has been reported as a rare complication of chemotherapy in APL. Of 30 APL cases described as t-MDS/AML in the literature, only 1 case relapsed as acute leukemia with t(3;21)(q26;q22). Here we describe a rare case of APL relapsing as secondary AML with t(3;21)(q26;q22) and clinically characterize this patient using the RUNX1 (previously AML1)-MDS1-EVI1 fusion transcript (with follow-up for 55 months), and review the relevant literature.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2008 Dec
PMID:Acute promyelocytic leukemia relapsing as secondary acute myelogenous leukemia with translocation t(3;21)(q26;q22) and RUNX1-MDS1-EVI1 fusion transcript. 1902 86

Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) caused by arenaviruses are among the most devastating emerging human diseases. The most important pathogen among the arenaviruses is Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever that is endemic to West Africa. On the South American continent, the New World arenavirus Junin virus (JUNV), Machupo (MACV), Guanarito (GTOV), and Sabia virus (SABV) have emerged as causative agents of severe VHFs. Clinical and experimental studies on arenavirus VHF have revealed a crucial role of the endothelium in their pathogenesis. However, in contrast to other VHFs, haemorrhages are not a salient feature of Lassa fever and fatal cases do not show overt destruction of vascular tissue. The functional alteration of the vascular endothelium that precede shock and death in fatal Lassa fever may be due to more subtle direct or indirect effects of the virus on endothelial cells. Haemorrhagic disease manifestations and vascular involvement are more pronounced in the VHF caused by the South American haemorrhagic fever viruses. Recent studies on JUNV revealed perturbation of specific endothelial cell function, including expression of cell adhesion molecules, coagulation factors, and vasoactive mediators as a consequence of productive viral infection. These studies provided first possible links to some of the vascular abnormalities observed in patients, however, their relevance in vivo remains to be investigated.
Thromb Haemost 2009 Dec
PMID:The role of the vascular endothelium in arenavirus haemorrhagic fevers. 1996 31


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