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Query: UMLS:C0019087 (hemorrhagic diathesis)
 678 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been described as an occasional complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This is usually a perioperative coagulopathy, which may progress into a hemorrhagic diathesis. Rarely, DIC is present preoperatively as a result of the aneurysm itself. In the presence of additional pathophysiologic factors, a "compensated state" of secondary fibrinolysis may deteriorate into a clinically manifest coagulopathy. Heparin can be a useful adjunct in preoperative management of DIC, but definitive treatment requires surgical repair of the aneurysm. Long-term follow-up is essential to ensure that DIC is due to the aneurysm and that other disease processes are not overlooked. We report a case of DIC caused by an abdominal aortic aneurysm, with resolution after surgical treatment.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by abdominal aortic aneurysm. 373 72

We report two cases of spontaneous epidural hematoma associated with the hemorrhagic diathesis and the paranasal sinusitis. Case 1: A 31-year-old man with a history of subtotal gastrectomy because of gastric cancer. He complained of headache at left temporal region, but CT scan showed no abnormal finding. After about 12 hours, he was found in comatose state. Emergency CT scan showed left epidural hematoma. He had the thrombocytemia and hemorrhagic diathesis which were supposed to be the side effect of the chemotherapy or DIC. Although the epidural hematoma was removed at emergency, he died 5 days after the operation, because of severe brain swelling. Case 2: A 34-year-old woman with a history of paranasal sinusitis. At 3 weeks after her fourth delivery, she had a headache and a right orbital swelling. She was admitted to the otorhinolaryngologist under the diagnosis of the acute paranasal sinusitis and orbital phlegmone. After admission, the level of consciousness became worse, she was given neurosurgical consultation. Angiogram showed right temporal mass lesion. At operation, the epidural hematoma was found and evacuated. She was discharged without any neurological deficits.
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PMID:[Spontaneous epidural hematoma--report of two cases]. 408 48

Hemostasis was studied in 55 patients with myeloma, grouped in three groups according to the clinical stage of the disease. Thrombocytic adhesion, aggregation, activity of TF3 and TF4, of antithrombin III, FMDC level, FDP titre and fibrinolysis test were determined on the background of the screening coagulation tests. The studies were carried out before the treatment and were followed up after the therapeutic response or in the absence of improvement. Thirty per cent of the patients had manifestations of hemorrhagic diathesis, and 5 per cent - thromboembolism. Essential hemostatic deviations were found: progressive thrombocytopenia and thrombopathia and DIC syndrome that correlate with the stage of the disease, being most severe among the stage III patients. The patients that responded to the treatment had a great part of the hemostatic disorders corrected, and in case of no effect from the treatment - the deviations persisted, intensified and in 5 of the patients were responsible for the fatal end. The pathogenesis of the hemostatic deviations is complex and is associated with the characteristics of the basic disease and the concomitant complications.
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PMID:[Proceedings of the 7th Congress of Internal Medicine]. 665 83

Collaborative studies on hemostasis in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients by Indonesian and Japanese teams revealed that all DHF patients had manifestations of the acute type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Prolongations of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time and decreases of platelet counts, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, plasminogen and antithrombin III activities were observed transiently during the acute stage of DHF. It was also found that alpha 2 antiplasmin was decreased in the acute stage to 32% of the normal level on the average. This may characterize the hemorrhagic diathesis of the DHF patients.
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PMID:Features of DIC in dengue hemorrhagic fever. 666 46

Hemorrhagic diathesis is one of the most striking manifestations in acute leptospirosis. Hemorrhages are seen in infections due to Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae as well as in those caused by Leptospira pomona. Thrombocytopenia is a constant feature and its finding can be useful for the diagnosis. Attempts to demonstrate the presence of a toxin in leptospires were unsuccessful. A few years ago, a syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation was associated with the physiopathogenesis of experimental leptospirosis with L. icterohaemorrhagiae. More recently, this syndrome was identified in cases of human leptospirosis and in hamsters infected with L. pomona. It appears now that other spirochetal infections (borreliosis) have a similar pathogenesis. Nonetheless, many points are still unclear: the primary cause of disseminated intravascular coagulation is unknown, as well as the virulence factors of spirochetes. Some points favor the presence of a toxic factor in leptospires: vascular damage that occurs in the absence of leptospires in damaged areas and the fact that antibiotic therapy is ineffective unless treatment is initiated early in the disease.
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PMID:A minireview of the pathogenesis of acute leptospirosis. 704 15

Abruptio placentae tends to be accompanied by abnormal coagulation and fibrinolysis, and is known as high risk pregnancy allowing both mother and fetal lives to endanger. Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system in abruptio placentae, in particular, sequential changes around its onset have been remained unclarified despite the progress in hematology. This permits an irregular therapeutical process for its acute clinical manifestation. In this study, observation was made of the changes of coagulation and fibrinolytic system mainly in relation to delivery, and hemorrhagic diathesis in abruptio placentae was studied. The results obtained are as follows. The studied patients were 14 cases classified into 8 multipara, 10 toxemia of pregnancy, 6 cesarean section, 11 intrauterine fetal death, and 8 complicated disseminated intravascular coagulation respectively. A moderate type demonstrating an increased serum FDP with retarded ESR and lowering in fibrinogen level were observed, but those abnormalities recovered to normal by 3 days after delivery. In serious case, observations also were made of marked decrease of fibrinogen, prolonged PT and PTT, high concentrations of serum and urinary FDP, lowering in levels of coagulation factors, attenuated platelet counts, retarded ESR, and inhibition of platelet aggregation along with thrombelastgram that showed thrombocytopenic type. All of those anomalies tended to be improved following delivery.
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PMID:[Alterations in coagulation and fibrinolytic system in abruptio placentae (author's transl)]. 706 57

Haemorrhagic diathesis is the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality in acute leukaemias (AL). It is most commonly due to thrombocytopenia resulting from bone marrow failure. However, in a significant number of cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) plays an important part. Previously it was thought that this mechanism was mainly confined to acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), but recently it has also been reported to occur in other subtypes of acute leukaemia. We report the results of a study carried out to find the incidence of DIC in various types of AL at the time of first diagnosis and in the absence of other recognisable causes. DIC was observed in 14(13.4%) cases out of 104 cases of AL studied. Nine out of 49(18.4%) cases of AML and 5 out of 55(9.1%) cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) showed coagulation abnormalities consistent with DIC. Out of the 9 cases of AML showing DIC, 63 (66.67%) belonged to APL (FAB ME) subtype. Three (60%) out of 5 cases of ALL with DIC had T-cell immunophenotype. The results indicate that DIC may also occur in types of AL other than APL, particularly in T-ALL, and should be looked for.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute leukaemias at first diagnosis. 762 93

When no specific factor concentrate is available fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) is indicated in the treatment of clinically relevant hemorrhagic diathesis. These disorders include congenital factor V and XI deficiencies, multiple factor defects, as disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe liver disease, and patients receiving massive transfusions, when bleeding occurs and severe abnormalities on coagulation testing are evident. FFP is beneficial when used with plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and related disorders. Various virucidal treatments including solvent-detergent (SD), photoactivated dyes (methylene blue) or pasteurization have been evolved to improve virus safety of human plasma. More extensive studies to demonstrate efficient virus inactivation in plasma have been performed with SD compared to other methods. On the other hand, the use of single-donor FFP in methylene blue treatment is possibly superior to pooled plasma which is processed according to the SD procedure. Pasteurization enables the inactivation not only of lipid-enveloped but also of non-lipid-enveloped viruses. Virucidal treatment of plasma may cause alterations in clotting factors, fibrinolysis and protease inhibitors; however, the currently achieved recovery of procoagulant activities is approximately comparable with that found in untreated FFP. The toxicity of virucidal additives is reported to be negligible since manufacturing includes a removal procedure (SD) or comparably low amounts (methylene blue) are used in inactivation treatment.
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PMID:[Indications for fresh frozen plasma: evaluation of virus inactivating preparations]. 769 68

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an extremely rare complication during elective brain tumor surgery. We report the case of a life-threatening intraoperative hemorrhagic diathesis due to a fulminating DIC during the removal of a grade III parietooccipital astrocytoma in a patient with a history of three pulmonary embolisms. Intraoperatively, the patient required 13 U of blood, 9 U of fresh-frozen plasma, and 5.45 L of colloids and crystalloids (total volume infused during the procedure: 12.5 L). Bleeding persisted for 24 h and required further blood component therapy. Laboratory data support the diagnosis of DIC: decreased fibrinogen and platelet count, prolonged thrombin and prothrombin times, and the presence of fibrin monomers. With aggressive and swift treatment of the DIC, the patient survived with transient neurological worsening.
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PMID:Life-threatening hemorrhagic diathesis due to disseminated intravascular coagulation during elective brain tumor surgery. 788 Dec 37

A 68-year-old man who had abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and consumption coagulopathy was successfully operated upon. The count of platelet was improved from 1.4 x 10(4)/microL to 8.0 x 10(4)/microL by the preoperative treatment with gamma-globulin (400mg/kg/day for 5 days) and heparin sodium (10000-15000 unit/day). Abdominal aortic aneurysm was replaced with a Y-shaped knitted Dacron graft, and splenectomy was performed for ITP. No severe hemorrhagic diathesis was encountered during and after the operation. This is the first report of surgical treatment of AAA associated with ITP and consumption coagulopathy.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and consumption coagulopathy: a case report]. 830 72


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