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Query: UMLS:C0019087 (hemorrhagic diathesis)
 678 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dyspnea, back pain, edema, and cyanosis developed suddenly in a 23-year-old woman during the last trimester of her first pregnancy. Although she had been noticed to have the enlarged heart and exertional shortness of breath to a slight degree, she had been apparently in good condition without any significant heart murmurs. Clinically, recurrent episodes of disseminated intravascular coagulation, including pulmonary thrombosis, were thought to be superimposed to Eisenmenger syndrome associated with toxemia of pregnancy. Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic treatments were tried, but their effectiveness was limited by hemorrhagic diathesis. She died of respiratory and circulatory failure after delivery of a moribund baby. Autopsy revealed Eisenmenger complex (a defect in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum and pulmonary vascular disease) and many fresh hemmorrhages in both lungs with a lot of new and organized thrombi. Fresh thrombi were also seen in the heart, the pancreas and the kidneys. The high peripartal mortality in Eisenmenger syndrome could be attributed to pulmonary thrombosis, which may be related to DIC, as well as to peripartal changes in circulatory function.
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PMID:An autopsied case of Eisenmenger syndrome complicated by recurrent thromboembolic phenomena in postpartal period. 13 43

Three kinds of anticoagulant therapy for obstetrical DIC were studied. 1. Antithrombin-III (AT) or gabexate mesilate for acute DIC, mainly for abruptio placentae. 2. Heparin or heparin-AT combination therapy for toxemia pregnancy. 3. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for fetus of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The results obtained were as follows, 1. a) Platelet count, and fibrinogen were significantly increased in AT therapy group compared with gabexate mesilate group. b) In clinical manifestation, renal failure and hemorrhagic diathesis were improved especially in AT group. 2. In heparin-AT group, high systolic blood pressure was improved during administration of AT, the high level of thrombin antithrombin complex was also found in these period. 3. a) The improvement of the gain of estimated fetal body weight was found after administration of LMWH. b) Redistribution of blood flow in one case of severe IUGR was observed during administration of LMWH.
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PMID:[Anticoagulant therapy in obstetrical disorders]. 217 Jul 3

The levels of alpha-2-antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP), antithrombin III (At III) and plasminogen were studied in 21 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) before and after induction chemotherapy and during bone marrow cellularity recovery after the postchemotherapy aplastic phase. In the patients with M2, M3 or M4 leukemia who had clinical and laboratory evidence of DIC, the alpha 2-AP levels were very low in the initial phase of the disease but improved significantly during recovery of marrow cellularity. At III and plasminogen values were in the normal range at disease onset and showed no significant modification during the course of leukemia. Proteolytic cleavage of alpha 2-AP by granulocyte proteases, rather than hyperfibrinolysis, may be responsible for the low levels of the inhibitor in the proliferative phase of ANLL. This alpha 2-AP deficiency may well contribute to hemorrhagic diathesis in ANLL independently of the presence or absence of hyperfibrinolysis or DIC. Moreover, the lower alpha 2-AP levels observed during the proliferative phase of ANLL may relate to disease activity.
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PMID:Alpha-2 antiplasmin in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. 246 77

Although a 39-year-old male received the curative operation of total gastrectomy for advanced scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach, recurrence of cancer was occurred soon after the surgery, accompanied by hemorrhagic diathesis from DIC. The abdominal CT scan examination revealed the rapid enlargement in the size of the several lymphnodes around the abdominal aorta, and the blood chemistry tests showed marked increase of the serum CEA value. The sequential chemotherapy with intermediate dose of MTX and 5-FU in conjunction with OK-432 was started to treat the case. This chemotherapy was carried out once a week for 5 times and consequently DIC was led to the perfect remission. Furthermore, CEA level decreased within normal range, and the size of the enlarged lymphnodes at paraaortic area diminished remarkably. Although he complained of nausea and loss of appetite during the treatment, no severe adverse effects such as granulocytopenia, diarrhea, or loss of hair were observed. The successful result in this patient suggests that sequential therapy of intermediate dose of MTX and 5-FU with administration of OK-432 may be effective in the treatment of advanced scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach.
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PMID:[Effect of sequential MTX/5-FU therapy for a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome associated with recurrence of gastric cancer--a case report]. 255 83

Assessment of animals with a suspected hemorrhagic diathesis of unknown cause(s) should be methodical. Most acquired coagulopathies result from thrombocytopenia. A platelet estimate (from a blood smear) and/or a platelet count on a fresh blood sample therefore are useful first steps in case evaluation. If thrombocytopenia is present, the most likely causes are immune-mediated destruction of platelets, DIC, or megakaryocytic hypoplasia. These diagnoses can be pursued by further test, including antiplatelet antibody assays (for example, the platelet factor 3 tests or an ELISA test), measurement of FDP, and bone marrow biopsy, respectively. If the platelet count is normal, a buccal mucosa bleeding time test is a useful second step. If this is prolonged, most likely causes are vWD or a thrombocytopathy (functional platelet defect). von Willebrand's disease can be diagnosed by measurement of vWf concentration or activity. A normal bleeding time does not exclude a diagnosis of vWD, but suggests that the functional activity of vWf is not compromised markedly. If the bleeding time is normal, APTT and PT should be measured. A prolonged APTT with normal PT, in the clinical setting, implies a deficiency of factor XI, IX, or VIII. A prolonged PT with normal APTT indicates factor VII deficiency. Prolongation of both APTT and PT usually is caused by a deficiency of several factors and is seen most often in cases with vitamin K deficiency or antagonism. Obviously, if a particular cause is suspected from the case history or for other reasons, appropriate tests should be evaluated at the beginning. If these do not confirm the provisional diagnosis, the just-described protocol might be a useful one to follow.
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PMID:Laboratory evaluation of hemorrhagic coagulopathies in small animal practice. 267 37

A 19 year-old female, complaining of gigantic tumor on each breast and hemorrhagic diathesis, was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory data and clinical findings suggested the presence of DIC. Bilateral mastectomies reduced the bleeding tendency within a week. In conclusion, removal of the tumors was effective to avoid fatal hemorrhage.
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PMID:[A case of angiosarcoma of both breasts]. 357 82

We report two cases of spontaneous epidural hematoma associated with the hemorrhagic diathesis and the paranasal sinusitis. Case 1: A 31-year-old man with a history of subtotal gastrectomy because of gastric cancer. He complained of headache at left temporal region, but CT scan showed no abnormal finding. After about 12 hours, he was found in comatose state. Emergency CT scan showed left epidural hematoma. He had the thrombocytemia and hemorrhagic diathesis which were supposed to be the side effect of the chemotherapy or DIC. Although the epidural hematoma was removed at emergency, he died 5 days after the operation, because of severe brain swelling. Case 2: A 34-year-old woman with a history of paranasal sinusitis. At 3 weeks after her fourth delivery, she had a headache and a right orbital swelling. She was admitted to the otorhinolaryngologist under the diagnosis of the acute paranasal sinusitis and orbital phlegmone. After admission, the level of consciousness became worse, she was given neurosurgical consultation. Angiogram showed right temporal mass lesion. At operation, the epidural hematoma was found and evacuated. She was discharged without any neurological deficits.
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PMID:[Spontaneous epidural hematoma--report of two cases]. 408 48

The main cause of DIC (disseminated intravascular syndrome) is contact of tissue factor with circulating blood. The main symptoms of DIC are bleeding diathesis caused by consumption coagulopathy and organ dysfunction related to circulatory disturbances due to multiple thrombi. However, the symptoms of DIC differ according to degree of fibrinolysis which is characterized by causal disease of DIC. Usually, enhanced fibrinolysis does not cause organ failure but hemorrhagic diathesis, while impaired fibrinolysis does not cause severe bleeding but organ dysfunction. In almost all cases of acute leukemia and in some cases of solid cancer with DIC, hyperfibrinolysis is common. In cases of severe infection with DIC, impaired fibrinolysis due to abnormal elevation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is frequently seen.
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PMID:[Disseminated intravascular coagulation--pathophysiology]. 843 9

DIC is an acquired disorder in which intravascular coagulation may lead to microvascular fibrin formation and a hemorrhagic diathesis. If DIC is acute and severe, fibrin formation may lead to microvascular thrombosis, and consumption of coagulation factors and platelets may result in a hemorrhagic diathesis. Secondary to or simultaneously with coagulation, the fibrinolytic system may be activated, accentuating the bleeding tendency. All the systems involved in DIC, such as coagulation, fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin, complement, and possibly other systems are regulated. Coagulation is the central event of DIC. The different coagulation factor derivatives may be generated that can be determined and used as markers for the degree of DIC and for effective control of therapy. Some of the procoagulant and anticoagulant factors are converted in the course of coagulation to their active forms and activation peptides. The active factor is subsequently neutralized by forming a complex with an inhibitor. Hemostatic molecular markers, D-dimer of cross-linked fibrin degradation products (D-dimer), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), and plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) have all been used for the diagnosis of DIC.
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PMID:[Progress in diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)--diagnostic criteria of DIC]. 843 27

Blood coagulation and rheology were studied with regard to severity of hemorrhagic syndrome and neurological complications in 44 patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Most of these patients appeared to have DIC-syndrome with serious rheological shifts. The patients suffered from hemorrhagic diathesis, nasal and gingival hemorrhages. With AA progression the severity and frequency of hemorrhagic complications increased. Neurological examination revealed in 9 of 12 AA patients organic affections of the nervous system with EEG evidence of bioelectrical shifts. In some patients neurological complications were registered prior to hemorrhagic. Therefore, to diagnose hemorrhagic complications in AA patients it is necessary to assess in details their hemocoagulation, blood rheology and neurological status.
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PMID:[Hemorrhagic and neurological complications in aplastic anemia patients]. 877 61


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