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Query: UMLS:C0019087 (hemorrhagic diathesis)
 678 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The common inheritable hemorrhagic disorder, von Willebrand's disease, has been known for only about 50 yr. During these years it has been well established that the cause of the disease is a deficiency of a plasma protein with remarkable biological properties. Future research should focus on details of the molecular structure of this protein. It is hoped that basic science will help to elucidate those aspects of von Willebrand's disease that are not yet properly understood.
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PMID:Von Willebrand's disease. 109 69

The hemorrhagic diathesis after transplantation of preserved livers generally is attributed to intravascular coagulation, whereas postoperative "hypercoagulability" of the blood is considered the main cause of thrombosis of the hepatic artery anastomosis. Since our preliminary studies, however, suggested other mechanisms, parameters of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function were prospectively studied before and after 28 orthotopic liver transplantations, with and without preservation, in dogs and pigs. In addition, the arterial anastomoses were evaluated routinely by angiography and, after removal at reintervention or autopsy, inspected for thrombosis and tested for fibrinolytic activity and fibrin deposition. Concerning the hemorrhagic diathesis, prolongation of bleeding time without concomitant thrombocytopenia was the main abnormality found and occurred only in the nine dogs with liver transplants previously preserved for 3 to 6 hours. As only two of the nine dogs had postoperative hemorrhage of clinical significance, we consider surgically imperfect hemostasis facilitated by an acquired platelet dysfunction the principal cause of hemorrhage. Thrombosis of the arterial anastomosis was found in 38 percent of animals in which an end-to-end anastomosis was made but was not encountered with celiac artery-aorta anastomoses. Local factors due to surgical technique therefore appear most important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis of the hepatic artery anastomosis, although the postoperative hyperfibrinogenemia and diminished local and systemic fibrinolytic activity may contribute as well.
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PMID:Orthotopic liver transplantation: an experimental study on mechanisms of hemorrhagic diathesis and thrombosis. 110 31

The postoperative problems and management of 8 patients following right hepatic lobectomy for blunt liver injury are discussed. Multiple injury and in particular chest injury are of importance. Respiratory distress may be insidious in onset and must be anticipated. Most patients require at least temporary positive pressure ventilation. Liver regeneration is rapid and histological evidence of regenerative hyperplasia is present within 3 days of injury. Hypoglycaemia of a degree sufficient to threaten life may occur postoperatively, particularly in the first 48 hours. Jaundice may be a worrying postoperative feature, but the use of T-tube drainage after hepatic lobectomy will enable any possible extrahepatic obstruction to be excluded. Hypoproteinaemia and hypo-albuminaemia occur in the immediate postoperative period, and recovery rapidly follows the peak period of regenerative activity of the liver. Normal levels are regained by the fourth to sixth postoperative weeks. Prophylactic antibiotics have no place in the postoperative management of blunt liver injury. Haemorrhagic diathesis is common after hepatic resection and is of a complex nature. Intravascular coagulation may occur and factor V deficiency is common. The mainstay of treatment is transfusion of fresh blood.
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PMID:Postoperative problems and management after hepatic resection for blunt injury to the liver. 112 57

A total of 106 pigs were artificially infected with a pathogenic virus of swine fever band were later on killed at the time they had developed a characteristic clinical picture of acute fever. The post-mortem examination revealed that in sixteen animals there was equally expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, five of which had clinical icterus, five manifested subclinical icterus, and six showed no icterus. Histophathologic study was performed of the liver, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. A correlation was found to exist between the extent to which the lesions had spread in the liver and the cerebrum, especially in the cases manifesting icterus (both clinical and subclinical). It gave grounds to assume that in animals affected with swine fever there exists the so-called cerebrum syndrome as described in the case of some other diseases.
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PMID:[The pathogenesis of swine plague. The hepato-cerebral syndrome]. 112 44

Activated coagulation test (ACT) was performed in 37 adult ponies and 31 adult horses. The mean ACT time of all ponies and horses was 2 minutes 38 seconds, with a standard deviation (SD) of 29 seconds. The ACT was compared with the Lee-White clotting test in heparinized ponies. The correlation of ACT with the Lee-White test was 0.95. Anticoagulation heparinized ponies during prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass was successfully monitored with the ACT. The ACT is simple and reproducible, has a definite end point, and would seem to be an ideal screening test for hemorrhagic diathesis in equine animals.
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PMID:Activated coagulation test in normal and heparinized ponies and horses. 113 16

Methylhistidines are among the amino acids which are present in increased concentrations in the plasma of severely uremic patients who may have a hemorrhagic diathesis. Histidine contains an imidazole ring, and our previous work has shown inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by imidazole in concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Collagen-induced, adenosine diphosphate-induced, and norepinephrine-induced platelet aggregation were tested in platelet-rich plasma by a turbidimetric technique after incubation of the plasma with varying concentrations of the methylhistidines for 1 hour. Platelet aggregation was unaffected by methylhistidine concentrations up to 0.6 mM. Only norepinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was slightly inhibited at a concentration of 4.7 (mM far higher than found in uremic patients). The imidazole ring as a portion of the methylhistidine molecule appears to have lost much of its effect on platelet aggregation.
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PMID:Failure of methylhistidines to inhibit platelet aggregation at concentrations found in uremic plasma. 114 54

A new case of facultative hemorrhagic diathesis is described in a 19 year old female and the coagulatory anomaly examined. The experiments show that the coagulatory disturbance should be ascribed to a defective aggregation of fibrin monomers associated with hypofibrinogenemia. Some of its characteristics are the markedly prolonged thrombin-, reptilase-time as well prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time. The plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by the immunologic method is reduced. The streptokinase induced digestion of fibrinogen Giessen II plasma occurred at a slower rate than normal plasma with persistence of the large fibrinogen degradation products. Fibrinogen Giessen II appears to be a congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia with abnormality of fibrinogen resulting in delayed coagulation and a retarded fibrinogenolysis rate.
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PMID:[Hypodysfibrinogenemia: fibrinogen giessen II (author's transl)]. 116 25

The essentially indefinite storage life of previously frozen erythrocytes (PFE), combined with the virtual freedom from hepatitis, high 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) content, and low level of HL-A antigens, should make its use in open-heart surgery attractive. However, since the suspension medium for PFE is usually saline, the potential exists for creating a hemorrhagic diathesis by accentuating the dilution of plasma procoagulants by the pump prime. To test this possibility, we used PFE exclusively in transfusing a group of 13 open-heart surgery patients; they were given no plasma or platelets. A control group of 12 open-heart surgery patients were transfused with only shelf blood. Determination of prothrombin times (PT), partial thromboplastin times (PTT), platelets, and fibrinogen were done at various intervals. No clinically significant differences between the two groups were seen in any of these parameters at any interval, and there was no significant difference between the groups in amount of chest tube drainage or transfusions in the first 24 hours. It is concluded that most open-heart surgery can be safely performed exclusively with frozen blood.
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PMID:The effect on blood coagulation of the exclusive use of transfusions of frozen red cells during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. 116 42

A healthy 20-year-old man presented with a spontaneous unilateral retinal hemorrhage. Because of a history of easy bruisability, we obtained hematologic studies and diagnosed thrombasthenia, a hereditary hemorrhagic disorder. The association of retinal hemorrhage and thrombasthenia is rare. Thrombasthenia and other platelet functional disorders are becoming better defined as tests for these abnormalities become more reliable and available. Patients with apparent spontaneous retinal hemorrhages of unknown origin should be questioned about hemorrhagic tendencies, and the various tests for hemorrhagic disorders should be obtained. The hematologic survey should include the more sophisticated tests of platelet function. Patients with thrombasthenia should avoid aspirin intake.
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PMID:Retinal hemorrhage associated with thrombasthenia. 117 26

Nonvaccinated pigs were infected with a pathogenic virus of swine fever in order to follow up the changes with some enzymes in their blood serum. It was found that there is a dependable rise in the values of the blood serum GOT (2.6.1. 1.) - From about 38 to approximately 108 mU per cu. cm; GPT (2. 6; 1.2.;-From about 12 up to 66 mU/cu. cm; LAP (3. 4. 1. 1)-from about 13 to 27 mU/cu. cm; and ALD (4. 1; 2. 7.) - from about 6 up to 19 mU/cu. cm. These changes were noticed as early as the 48th hour of infection, prior to the manifestation of the clinical symptoms of swine fever. They remained stable up to the end of the infection process. The activity of LDH (1. 1. 2. 7.) and amylase (3. 2. 1.1 .) was said to rise (not dependable statistically), and that of cholinesterase (3. 1 1. 8) - to drop gradually with the development of the infection process. The two phosphomonoesterases (3. 1. 3. 1 and 3. 1. 3. 2.) showed no essential changes. The changes taking place in the activity of these enzymes did not depend on the extent of the hemorrhagic diathesis characteristic of swine fever. So, this test, which has been unknown so far, is referred to as a characteristic paraclinical symptom of swine fever.
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PMID:[Activity of several serum enzymes in swine with acute plague]. 117 33


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