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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemoptysis was the presenting symptom in a 4-year, 11-month-old male who had had a Mustard operation for hemodynamic correction of transposition of the great vessels at the age of five months. Chest roentgenography demonstrated hyperlucency of the left lung and tomography showed compression and narrowing of left main stem bronchus. Angiography documented the absence of antegrade flow in the left pulmonary artery and no pulmonary venous drainage on the left. The left lung was supplied by bronchial collateral arteries which drained by retrograde filling of the left pulmonary artery. It is surmised that pulmonary venous drainage on the left was compromised at surgery and that the dilated main pulmonary artery compressed the left main stem bronchus. This combination promoted bronchial collateral ingrowth. Hemoptysis is a complication of enlargement of bronchial collateral vessels.
Clin Cardiol 1984 Dec
PMID:Hemoptysis following Mustard repair: a late complication. 650 13

A 50-year-old fireman was found to have multiple endobronchial polyps when investigated for hemoptysis two months after acute thermal inhalation injury. Biopsy was obtained and the histology demonstrated benign granulation tissue. The polyps spontaneously regressed, without specific treatment, six months after the accident. Tracheal bronchial polyposis appears to be another complication of heat and smoke inhalation.
Chest 1983 Dec
PMID:Endobronchial polyposis following smoke inhalation. 664 16

Pulmonary sequelae account for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis. Bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, and abscess formation are often not responsive to conservative medical therapy. Pulmonary resection in selected cystic fibrosis patients is safe and therapeutically rewarding. Eleven pulmonary resections in ten patients with cystic fibrosis were performed. Patients ranged from 2.5 to 19 years of age. Indications for resection were: (1) abscess and bronchiectasis (nine patients), (2) atelectasis and mass (one patient), and (3) life-threatening hemorrhage (one patient). Surgical resection was employed only for medically refractory lesions which were life-threatening or contaminated otherwise functional lungs. Resection was limited to the most severely diseased areas, sparing functional lung parenchyma when possible. In this series, 9 lobectomies, 1 pneumonectomy, and 1 segmentectomy were performed. Preoperative management included aggressive chest physiotherapy and postural drainage, rigid bronchoscopic lavage, and broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics. All patients were extubated in the operating room immediately postoperatively. Tracheostomy was not employed. There were no perioperative complications. All patients experienced subjective improvement. Objectively, improvement following surgical resection included: decreased cough and sputum production, and decreased incidence of exacerbations of pulmonary infections. Limited pulmonary resection when combined with intensive preoperative pulmonary toilet is a safe adjunct in the treatment of bronchiectasis and hemoptysis secondary to cystic fibrosis. Pulmonary resection should be limited to only severely destroyed lung parenchyma which is refractory to medical management. In contradistinction to other authors we have not found tracheostomy a necessary adjunct in surgical management.
J Pediatr Surg 1983 Dec
PMID:Pulmonary resection for complications of cystic fibrosis. 666 9

The first fatal case of disseminated infection due to Conidiobolus incongruus is reported. The patient presented with a subcutaneous mass, febrility, weight loss, cough and hemoptysis. Histological examination of skin and subcutaneous tissue, lung, lymph nodes, esophagus, liver and jejunum showed a granulomatous reaction with bright eosinophilic amorphous material and broad hyphae. A fungus cultured from skin and subcutaneous tissue was identified as Conidiobolus incongruus.
Sabouraudia 1983 Dec
PMID:Disseminated infection with Conidiobolus incongruus. 668 45

The immunological and clinical features of 90 Javanese patients with smear -positive pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated. Many of the patients had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and haemoptysis was common, especially in patients with cavitating lesions. Most patients had a significant elevation of one or more non-specific indicators of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, third complement component, factor B and C-reactive protein). Rheumatoid factor was detected in 21% of the patients and was significantly associated with high levels of antibodies to M. tuberculosis in the IgM class. Five distinct responses were elicited by tuberculin testing; the most marked occurred at 24 hours. The degree of reaction at 6-8 hours correlated significantly with the levels of specific antibodies in the IgG and IgA classes and the 48 hour response correlated, although less markedly, with specific antibodies in the IgG class. Neither the degree of skin test reactivity nor the level of specific antimycobacterial antibodies correlated with the extent of disease as assessed radiologically. Nine per cent of the patients were skin-test negative at 48 hours but did not differ clinically, as a group, from tuberculin positive patients. It was not possible to place the cases in a spectrum of immunological responses similar to that occurring in leprosy and it is postulated that this is due to differences in the relevance to protection of the various immunological mechanisms in the two diseases. The need to establish more rigorous criteria for assessing the immune responses in tuberculosis and for studying the interactions between the protective and non-protective reactions is stressed.
Tubercle 1980 Dec
PMID:Immunological and clinical features of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in East Java. 679 56

A patient presented to the hospital with mild hemoptysis of 1 day's duration and an infiltrate on chest roentgenogram. Shortly after admission, she developed shock, massive hemoptysis, and a bloody pleural effusion that yielded Streptococcus viridans. Pulmonary arteriography revealed a peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysm, which was embolized with a detachable silicone balloon, resulting in immediate cessation of hemoptysis. An acute pneumonia associated with moderate to massive hemoptysis raises the possibility of mycotic aneurysm; pulmonary arteriography is indicated, which allows for diagnosis and treatment during the same study. Successful embolization may obviate the need for surgery or convert an emergency thoracotomy to an elective procedure.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1982 Dec
PMID:Balloon embolization of a mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm. 689 2

Two patients had fatal episodes of massive hemoptysis secondary to invasive aspergillosis, complicating in one with acute leukemia and in the other with lung carcinoma. Review of the literature reveals that these cases are among the very few in which invasive aspergillosis has been documented as the etiology of massive hemoptysis in cancer patients. Both patients had been previously treated with corticosteroids and/or other immunosuppressive agents. In one of the two patients, the diagnosis was made ante mortem and antifungal therapy instituted, but dissemination progressed despite treatment.
Chest 1980 Dec
PMID:Invasive aspergillosis with massive fatal hemoptysis in patients with neoplastic disease. 693 26

A study was made of the presenting features of 100 consecutive Australian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected at the time of first presentation in only 52 patients and the initial provisional diagnosis was that of a non-tuberculous chest condition in a further 32 patients. In another 16 there was a delay in diagnosis because pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected only after chest X-rays were taken for screening purposes--for example, prior to elective surgery. A non-cavitating lesion in an upper lobe was the radiological appearance most often associated with failure to suspect tuberculosis at the time of presentation. The most common symptoms or change in pre-existing chest complaints were cough (55), loss of weight (52) and shortness of breath (43) followed by fever or night sweats (23) and haemoptysis (10) while 16 were asymptomatic.
Aust N Z J Med 1981 Dec
PMID:Presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis. 694 41

Massive hemoptysis (600 ml in 24 hours) results in a mortality of more than 50%. We have performed 74 pulmonary resections in patients with massive hemoptysis in the last 15 years, with a mortality of 13%. The mortality correlated with the rate and the amount of recorded blood loss before the operation. From this experience, we have identified a subgroup of patients with such massive hemoptysis that life was threatened by exsanguination. Twenty-four of our patients lost more than 1,000 ml of blood, at a rate of at least 150 ml an hour, before the pulmonary resection was performed. The bleeding site was always identified by bronchoscopy. All patients were treated by resection of the bleeding lung parenchyma. Several methods were used to avoid the patient's drowning in his own blood during the operation. In five patients, a double-lumen endotracheal tube was used: Two died of suffocation during the procedure and another died of respiratory and liver failure. In four patients, single-lung ventilation with an endotracheal tube in the left main bronchus was used: All four survived. In another 10 patients a bronchial blocker (No. 9 Fogarty balloon venous catheter) was used to stop bleeding. Two patients died of renal failure and gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively, but none had aspiration problems. In five additional patients, a regular endotracheal tube was used: One patient died of massive aspiration. Our experience indicates that bleeding from the left lung and right lower lobe should be controlled by intubation of the left bronchus. Patients with exsanguinating hemoptysis should be treated, when possible, by pulmonary resection. A survival rate of 75% was obtained in our patients.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982 Dec
PMID:Exsanguinating hemoptysis. 714 17

A case of lung cavity with fungus ball is reported in a patient subsequent to the treatment of tuberculosis for a year. Fungal serologic titers for histoplasmin, blastomycin, coccidiodin, and aspergillin were negative. Surgical resection of the cavity and to be done because of episodes of hemoptysis. Numerous hyphae formed into a compact mass consistent with aspergilloma were seen in the cavity. The cultures for fungi were negative on material from the surgical specimen. Immunodiffusion studies of sera obtained prior to surgery were positive for Pseudallescheria boydii and very informative in assessing the correct morphologic characteristics of the organism.
Am J Clin Pathol 1982 Dec
PMID:Non-aspergillus aspergilloma. 714 53


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