Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We treated 20 patients thought to have mediastinal fibrosis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum. All but 1 were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (8), hemoptysis (6), postobstructive pneumonia (5), and superior vena caval obstruction (2). Nine patients had severe stenosis of the trachea, carina, or main bronchus. Special stains identified Histoplasma capsulatum in surgical specimens in 9 patients. Surgical procedures were done for 18 of 20 patients (resection of subcarinal mass, 6; right middle and lower lobectomy, 5; carinal pneumonectomy, 4; esophagoplasty, 4; sleeve resection, 3 (with right main bronchus in 1, right lower and middle lobectomy in 1, and carina in 1); right upper lobectomy, 1; middle lobectomy, 1; and bronchoplasty of left main bronchus, 1. There were 4 deaths, 3 after complications of carinal pneumonectomy and 1 in a patient with tracheobronchial obstruction that could not be dilated. Two patients were treated with amphotericin and 4 with ketoconazole. Sclerosing mediastinitis secondary to histoplasmosis presents tremendous surgical challenges because of the intense fibrosis encountered. Bronchoplastic procedures are possible in spite of the intense fibrosis. High mortality rates after carinal resection may be encountered. The exact role of antifungal therapy is as yet undefined.
Ann Thorac Surg 1992 Dec
PMID:Clinical manifestation of mediastinal fibrosis and histoplasmosis. 144 86

In all four previously reported cases of endobronchial erosion from retained intrathoracic foreign objects, the object eventually required surgical removal. We report the case of a patient with a bullet in the left hemithorax who developed bronchial erosion and hemoptysis 3 months after the injury, with subsequent expectoration of the bullet. Although most foreign bodies within the thorax pose no special problems, migration of the object or the development of symptoms warrants investigation and possibly subsequent surgical removal of the object.
J Trauma 1992 Dec
PMID:Spontaneous endobronchial erosion and expectoration of a retained intrathoracic bullet: case report. 147 38

Hemoptysis originating from an aortobronchial fistula is uncommon. This fistulous connection between the aorta and the lung usually results from a preexisting thoracic-aortic aneurysm, and is uniformly fatal when left untreated. However, with early diagnosis the survival rate exceeds 80%. The case of an aortobronchial fistula in a young alcoholic, 2 years after aortic aneurysmectomy, is presented. He was admitted with symptoms suggesting upper gastrointestinal bleeding, allegedly related to alcohol abuse. He died of a sudden, massive hemoptysis 5 days after admission. An aortobronchial fistula was found on autopsy. To diagnose aortobronchial fistula, a high index of suspicion is necessary. It should be considered in patients with hemoptysis after repair of a thoracic aneurysm.
Harefuah 1992 Dec 01
PMID:[Aortopulmonary fistula due to failed graft for aortic aneurysm]. 148 2

Two cases of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary septic infarctions occurred in the course of tricuspid endocarditis in intravenous drug misusers. This unusual complication must be considered in patients with right sided endocarditis who develop pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis, or breathlessness.
Thorax 1992 Dec
PMID:Pneumothorax secondary to septic pulmonary emboli in tricuspid endocarditis. 149 75

We have reviewed the role of radiation therapy in the palliative treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The use of radiation treatment results in effective palliation of chest symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. In addition, the pain and suffering associated with skeletal and hepatic metastases are effectively alleviated by radiation therapy with minimal morbidity. Devastating neurologic complications can be avoided or alleviated in a great proportion of patients undergoing radiation therapy for cerebral metastases and spinal cord compression. Therefore, radiation therapy is a potent modality in relieving or reducing the suffering of patients with lung cancer. This is also a modality that has wide applicability; very few patients are not suitable candidates for that has wide applicability; very few patients are not suitable candidates for treatment regardless of their performance status. The aim of the treatments should always be prompt intervention using radiation therapy schedules that will minimize treatment time yet produce the desired results in a high proportion of patients. Protracted radiation schedules are not warranted in such patients except in special clinical situations. Palliation with radiation therapy is achieved quite promptly, with minimal side effects and a very small risk of any long-term consequences in patients who have a limited life expectancy.
Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1990 Dec
PMID:Palliative radiotherapy. 170 80

We reviewed the records of 264 patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy for unexplained hemoptysis to determine the various causes of hemoptysis. Bronchogenic carcinoma (29%), bronchitis (23%), and idiopathic hemoptysis (22%) accounted for the majority of causes of hemoptysis. In contrast to older studies, the incidence of hemoptysis secondary to tuberculosis and bronchiectasis has decreased. Although our patient population is predominantly male and elderly, our data may well be representative of more recent epidemiologic trends in causes of hemoptysis.
Arch Intern Med 1991 Dec
PMID:A reappraisal of the causes of hemoptysis. 174 2

The development of a malignant esophagorespiratory fistula is a devastating complication. Data comparing various treatment options in a large group of patients are sparse. To assess the results of therapy, we reviewed our experience in 207 patients with malignant esophagorespiratory fistula. Records of 207 patients admitted to our institution with malignant esophagorespiratory fistula from 1926 to 1988 were reviewed and results of management analyzed. Age ranged from 21 to 90 years (median, 59 years); the male/female ratio was 3:1. Primary tumor site was esophagus in 161 (77%), lung in 33 (16%), trachea in 5 (2%), metastatic nodes in 4 (2%), larynx in 3 (1%), and thyroid in 1. Symptoms and signs of malignant esophagorespiratory fistula included cough in 116 (56%), aspiration in 77 (37%), fever in 52 (25%), dysphagia in 39 (19%), pneumonia in 11 (5%), hemoptysis in 10 (5%), and chest pain in 10 (5%). Respiratory location of fistula included trachea in 110 (53%), left main bronchus in 46 (22%), right bronchus in 33 (16%), lung parenchyma in 13 (6%), and multiple sites in 5 (2%). The percentage of patients alive at 3, 6, and 12 months by treatment modality was 13%, 4%, and 1% for supportive care (n = 104); 17%, 3%, and 0% for esophageal exclusion (n = 29); 21%, 14%, and 0% for esophageal intubation (n = 14); 30%, 15%, and 5% for radiation therapy (n = 20); and 46%, 20%, and 7% for esophageal bypass, respectively. Patients treated with radiation therapy and esophageal bypass had a significantly prolonged survival compared with patients treated with the other modalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ann Thorac Surg 1991 Dec
PMID:Malignant esophagorespiratory fistula: management options and survival. 175 74

Twenty-seven main bronchial resections (19 left, 8 right) were performed without pulmonary resection between 1975 and 1991. The patients were 17 men and 9 women with an average age of 35 years (range, 20 to 65 years). Tumors comprised 55% of the lesions, including 9 carcinoid tumors (33%), 2 mucoepidermoid tumors, 2 fibrous histiocytomas, 1 hemangiopericytoma, and 1 large cell carcinoma. Scarring and stenosis secondary to multiple causes occurred in 10 patients (37%). Two patients had miscellaneous lesions. Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (52%), wheezing or stridor (44%), cough (41%), hemoptysis (37%), and pneumonia (18%). Preoperative chest roentgenogram was abnormal in 60% of patients, whereas tomograms delineated the lesion in 94%. All patients had bronchoscopy for lesion evaluation. Anesthesia was accomplished through a long single-lumen endotracheal tube in 19 cases and a double-lumen tube in 8 cases. Mobilization and exposure techniques to create a tension-free anastomosis were critical for left main bronchial resections and included pretracheal mobilization (100%), neck flexion (100%), tracheal and main bronchial retraction (85%), aortic and pulmonary artery retraction (44%), and intrapericardial hilar release (33%). All resections were for cure; there was no operative mortality. Morbidity in 4 patients (15%) included an anastomotic stenosis (successfully reresected), prolonged air leak and pneumonia, transient recurrent nerve palsy, and atelectasis. Median 5-year follow-up revealed 92% of patients alive, with only one of two late deaths being disease-related. Main bronchial resection is an ideal technique for selected benign and malignant lesions, allowing complete pulmonary parenchymal preservation.
Ann Thorac Surg 1991 Dec
PMID:Main bronchial sleeve resection with pulmonary conservation. 175 80

A 54 year-old female who had a history of hemoptysis was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea on effort. Pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated and pulmonary arteriography showed multiple pulmonary arterial aneurysms and occlusion of the left upper lobe pulmonary artery. Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was 110 mmHg when measured by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography. From the clinical and angiographical findings, we diagnosed this patient as having Hughes-Stovin's syndrome (forme fruste). 30 mg of diltiazem per day was initially used, and 80 mg was used thereafter. After 2 months follow up of the medication with diltiazem, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 110 mmHg to 61 mmHg and clinical symptoms improved dramatically.
Kokyu To Junkan 1991 Dec
PMID:[Beneficial effect of diltiazem on pulmonary hypertension in a patient with Hughes-Stovin's syndrome]. 178 51

The case of a patient with a multisystemic process characterized by polyarthritis, hemoptysis, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, renal failure and ulcerated lesions in the palate and nasal bone is reported. The existence of antineutrophil anticytoplasmic antibodies (cytoplasmatic pattern) was proven by indirect immunofluorescence with an initial serum titration of 1:1.600. Detection of these antibodies permitted the establishment of immunosuppressive treatment when the clinical situation of the patient was considered serious (pulmonary hemorrhage with progressive diminution of the hematocrit). Four days after the initiation of treatment the histopathological results of the palate and nasal mucous biopsies were received and were compatible with Wegener's granulomatosis. Serial determination of the titers of these antibodies demonstrated a close correlation with the clinical biological activity of the process. Indeed, 3 days after initiation of the immunosuppressive treatment the concentration of the same had reduced to half, something which has not been previously reported. It is concluded that high specificity and sensitivity of antineutrophil anticytoplasmic antibodies with a cytoplasmatic pattern for Wegener's granulomatosis may contribute to the improvement, not only of the diagnosis but also to the prognosis, in permitting the immediate initiation of therapeutic measures when the clinical situation of the patient thus requires.
Med Clin (Barc) 1991 Dec 07
PMID:[Neutrophil anticytoplasmic antibodies in a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis: therapeutic implications of its detection and relation to clinical activity]. 179 72


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