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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

On the basis of a patient with fulminant meningococcaemia and severe disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome, the diagnostic potential of a clot impedance test - Sonoclot coagulation analysis - was used to evaluate plasma exchange. A 17-yr-old girl was treated for a fulminant infection with Neisseria meningitidis in our intensive care unit. She developed severe DIC. Whereas platelet administration caused immediate arterial oxygen desaturation necessitating ventilatory support, plasma exchange improved pulmonary and mental function. Three separate exchanges all improved haemostasis. Sonoclot analysis was used together with routine coagulation analyses to evaluate this DIC treatment. Sonoclot signs, such as lack of the shoulder and peak, prolonged shoulder-peak interval and peak time predicted clinical bleeding manifestations (haematuria, haemoptysis, epistaxis) and were improved by platelet transfusion and plasma exchange. Plasma exchange was successful even at a very low platelet count of < 23 x 10(9).L-1. Sonoclot coagulation analyses were normalised several days before routine coagulation analyses. The Sonoclot gave additional information to routine coagulation studies, correctly indicated insufficient haemostasis and predicted a positive outcome. Also, plasma exchanges and platelet transfusions could be controlled in the management of DIC.
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PMID:Sonoclot coagulation analysis and plasma exchange in a case of meningococcal septicaemia. 788 86

The objective of this study was to determine the long-term survival pattern and variables affecting long-term survival and complications occurring during follow-up of patients with Eisenmenger syndrome. A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome were followed up. A tertiary care centre was used and it provided superspeciality services in various disciplines. The subjects included 201 patients with Eisenmenger syndrome--diagnosed by a combination of echocardiography and a peripheral arterial oxygen saturation study and/or cardiac catheterisation with or without angiocardiography--worked up and followed up for variable duration over a period of 16 years from 1976 to 1992. One hundred nine patients were females and 92 were males--age of presentation varied from 3 months to 62 years (mean +/- standard deviation 19.23 +/- 12.62 years). A total of 12 different anatomic lesions were seen--the most common three being ventricular septal defect (33.33%), aterial septal defect (29.85%), and patent ductus arteriosus (14.23%). History, physical examination, chest skiagram and electrocardiogram established only the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension except where differential cyanosis indicating ductus was discernible or the degree of splitting of second heart sound provided some clue to the level of shunt. Contrast echocardiography, completed in 25.4% established the level of shunt in all patients. In others the diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterisation. Twenty patients died during a mean follow-up period of 54.6 +/- 54.47 months. Sudden cardiac deaths (30%), congestive heart failure (25%) and haemoptysis (15%) were the most predominant causes of death. Only one patient died during puerperium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognosis for patients with Eisenmenger syndrome of various aetiology. 796 Feb 65

During the period of eight years from 1985 to 1992 we had sixteen patients (pulmonary tuberculosis: 6, atypical mycobacteriosis: 10) who had been under the treatment for tuberculosis and on whom home oxygen therapy (HOT) was started. Of sixteen patients twelve had history of antituberculous therapy in the past. There were nine chronic active or persistently sputum positive patients of whom three were pulmonary tuberculosis and six atypical mycobacteriosis. The duration of illness was long in these patients and it was more than ten years in tuberculosis patients. Four cases died, two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis died from hemoptysis, and two cases of atypical mycobacteriosis died from respiratory failure.
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PMID:[Home oxygen therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis during chemotherapy]. 800 21

Pulmonary barotrauma (PB) is caused by expansion of gases in the respiratory system. We describe 22 cases in divers that constituted 10.2% of the accidents treated at the Spanish navy's hyperbaric center (1969-1990). Hemoptysis (27.2%), subcutaneous emphysema (22.7%) and chest pain (9.1%) were the most frequent thoracic-pulmonary signs. Changes in consciousness (54.5%) and motility (22.7%) were the main neurological symptoms. The highest indices of PB were recorded during training exercises in diving courses, with 91% of the trauma patients recuperating with no aftereffects thanks to prompt deep (50 m) recompression. Protocols for applying therapeutic tables are described, and the advantages of using tables for oxygen as opposed to air are discussed. Finally, we justify the need to have a hyperbaric chamber nearby for treating this type of accident.
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PMID:[The lung overexpansion syndrome as a diving accident. A review of 22 cases]. 774 71

Atresia of the pulmonary veins of the left lung and the right upper lobe with moderate pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in a 20 year old man presenting with exertional dyspnoea and haemoptysis. After left pneumonectomy gas exchange appeared to have improved. This was shown by improved arterial oxygen pressures during all steps of exercise in a cycle ergometer test in comparison with values obtained before surgery. This improvement could be entirely attributed to a decrease in physiological dead space ventilation.
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PMID:Improved gas exchange after pneumonectomy in an adult with incomplete pulmonary vein atresia. 806 73

Four patients showing classic physical stigmata of traumatic asphyxia were studied. Cervicofacial cyanosis and edema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and multiple ecchymotic hemorrhage of the face, neck, and upper part of the chest were documented. Admission Glasgow coma scale scores ranged from 8 to 15. All but one had no associated injury. Skin discoloration resolved within 3 weeks. Complete resolution of subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred 1 month later. In our series, sore throat, hoarseness, dizziness, numbness, and headaches were common. Profound lower leg pitting edema, hemoptysis, hemotympanum, and transient visual loss were noted. Chest radiographic findings were normal in all patients. Microscopic hematuria was noted in one patient. Diagnosis is made from the history and characteristic appearance of the patient. Treatment is directed to the associated injury. Oxygen supplement with head elevation to 30 degrees is the mainstay of treatment. If the patient survives the initial insult, the prognosis is excellent.
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PMID:Traumatic asphyxia. 813 32

We have evaluated long-term pulmonary function in 14 patients who were treated for anti-glomerular basement membrane disease at our institution during the last 17 years. Eight of these patients had evidence of pulmonary involvement, as manifested by hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray film, or anemia. These patients were compared with a control group of 15 patients who had renal disease and who were matched for degree and duration of renal disease, age, smoking history, and method of renal replacement. The following variables were measured in each patient: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 minute, vital capacity, total lung capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity, single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor, and single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor corrected for alveolar volume (KCO). These patients also participated in a graded exercise test and measurements of oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, and oxygen saturation were taken. Patients with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and a prior history of pulmonary hemorrhage had a significantly reduced KCO (46% +/- 10% v 68.7% +/- 14.7%) compared with the control group. There was no difference in any of the other measured parameters.
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PMID:Antiglomerular basement membrane disease: the long-term pulmonary outcome. 820 60

We compared arterial blood gas analysis and 99mTc-MAA lung perfusion scintigraphy before and after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in 17 cases of esophageal varices complicating liver cirrhosis. EIS was performed by the intra-variceal injection method with 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) as the sclerosant agent. In blood gas analysis, the mean values of partial arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were decreased, and the mean value of alveolar-arterial O2 difference (AaDO2) was increased, compared with before EIS while breathing room air. On lung perfusion scintigram, the pulmonary blood flow was markedly decreased, demonstrating hypoperfusion and/or perfusion defect, compared with before EIS in most the cases. It was suggested that pulmonary embolism and/or pulmonary circulatory disturbance occurred after EIS. It is important to note that pulmonary circulatory disturbances potentially may occur after EIS without any accompanying symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, or hemoptysis.
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PMID:[Pulmonary circulatory disturbance following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy]. 836 22

The medical records of 336 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transcatheter oily chemoembolization (TOCE) performed via the hepatic artery were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the occurrence of symptomatic pulmonary oil embolism. In 14 patients, more than 20 mL of iodized oil was administered. In six of these 14 patients, respiratory symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea developed 2-5 days after TOCE, and their chest radiographs showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate. Their arterial partial pressure of oxygen while they breathed room air ranged from 39 to 60 mm Hg during maximum hypoxemia. The symptoms, arterial hypoxemia, and chest radiographic abnormalities completely cleared 10-28 days after TOCE in the five patients who survived. One patient died 10 days after TOCE because of respiratory arrest with a progression of pulmonary infiltrate. Although histopathologic proof is lacking, it is concluded that massive pulmonary embolization of iodized oil was the primary cause of the clinical and radiographic manifestations in these six patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary oil embolism after transcatheter oily chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. 838 67

Medical records of 150 patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema seen over a 39-month period in a Colorado Rocky Mountain ski area at 2,928 m (9,600 ft) (mean age 34.4 years; 84% male) were reviewed. The mean time to the onset of symptoms was 3 +/- 1.3 days after arrival. Common symptoms were dyspnea, cough, headache, chest congestion, nausea, fever, and weakness. Orthopnea, hemoptysis, and vomiting were rare, occurring in 7%, 6%, and 16%, respectively. Symptoms of cerebral edema occurred in 14%. A temperature exceeding 100 degrees F occurred in 20%, and 17% had a systolic blood pressure of 150 mm of mercury or higher. Blood pressures were higher in patients older than 50 years (142 mm of mercury). Rales were present in 85%, and a pulmonary infiltrate was present in 88%; both were most commonly bilateral or on the right side. The amount of infiltrate was mild. Men appeared to be more susceptible than women to high-altitude pulmonary edema. Pulse oximetry in 45 patients showed a mean oxygen saturation of 74% (38% to 93%). Treatment methods depended on severity and included a return to quarters for portable nasal oxygen, an overnight stay in the clinic for continuing oxygen, or a descent to Denver for recovery or admission to a hospital. All patients received oxygen for 2 to 4 hours in the clinic. There were no deaths or complications.
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PMID:High-altitude pulmonary edema at a ski resort. 877 33


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