Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a series of 2150 patients subjected to bronchoscopy 94 (4.5%) were found to have tracheobronchomalacia. Tracheomalacia alone was diagnosed in 21 patients (22%), tracheobronchomalacia in 59 (63%) and bronchomalacia alone in 14 (15%). Mild malacic changes were noted in 44 patients (47%), moderate in 38 (40.5%) and severe in 12 (12.5%). The main symptoms were dyspnoea (63%), chronic cough with expectoration (49%) and haemoptysis (33%), and the most frequent concurrent diseases chronic bronchitis (53%), bronchial cancer (27.5%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (19%). Bronchoscopy performed under local anaesthesia enabled the dynamics of the tracea and bronchi to be observed during spontaneous breathing and during coughing, and it is the best available diagnostic procedure. Histologically the number of longitudinal elastic fibres in the pars membranacea was clearly reduced throughout the whole tracheal area in one patient with tracheomalacia but no differences were found in the amount of collagen, mucopolysaccharides and elastin in the cartilages of trachea and bronchi. This disease seems to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis, and it apparently shares the same aetiological factors.
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PMID:Acquired tracheobronchomalacia. 88 58

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (p.l.) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, and restricted to fertile women. It is characterized by a nodular proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the peribronchial, perivascular and perilymphatic lung tissue, accompanied by cystic dilations of the alveoles, rupture of the alveolar wall, lymphangiectasis, and septal collagen fiber deposition. Radiological-alterations range from enhanced interstitial shadowing to honey comb lung. Common clinical symptoms are progressive dyspnea, pneumothorax, chylous pleural effusion and hemoptysis. Here we present the case of a 43 years old woman, undergoing nephrectomy because of hamartoma of the left kidney, with recurrent pneumothorax and progressive dyspnea, verifying the diagnosis of p.l. by open lung biopsy. Pathogenesis of the disease, differential diagnosis and possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.
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PMID:[A rare interstitial lung disease]. 194 56

This is a very rare case report of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody. A 43-year old male was admitted because of severe dyspnea with slight hemoptysis. Chest X-ray demonstrated extensive bilateral infiltrates with air bronchogram, predominantly in the right lung. Laboratory data on admission showed severe anemia and moderate renal impairment. The pulmonary infiltrates resolved spontaneously within 10 days. Goodpasture's syndrome or collagen vascular disease was suspected and he underwent a percutaneous renal and transbronchial lung biopsy. The renal biopsy showed crescent formation affecting 70-80% of glomeruli. Linear IgA deposits, but not IgG, were demonstrated along the glomerular basement membrane by the direct immunofluorescence procedure. The lung biopsy contained many hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lumen of the alveoli and showed mild thickening of alveolar walls. However, linear immunoglobulin deposits on the alveolar capillary basement membrane were not demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody was made. His serum was negative for antibasement antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. He was treated with prednisone, 30 mg daily. His pulmonary symptoms and anemia improved markedly, but his renal function did not change. Thirteen months after his first admission, he suffered from severe bacterial pneumonia, which was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. He died of respiratory failure. Autopsy was rejected.
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PMID:[A case of Goodpasture's syndrome with IgA antibasement membrane antibody]. 221 6

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH) is the result of diffuse bleeding into the acinar portion of the lung. Cardinal symptoms of AH include hemoptysis, dyspnea, alveolar filling opacities on chest roentgenogram, anemia and hypoxemia. However, AH is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia or pulmonary edema at the time of initial presentation. Isolated AH may occur but is more often seen in diffuse connective tissue diseases or in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. - At the Medical Clinic of the University Hospital of Zurich we have diagnosed AH in 18 patients (13 males, 5 females) over the last ten years (1978-1988). In 2 patients AH occurred as an isolated symptom: once due to occupational inhalation of fumes containing trimellitic anhydride, and once as so-called idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. In 16 patients AH was associated with kidney disease, including the following disorders: vasculitis and collagen vascular disorders (9), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (4) and Goodpasture's syndrome (3). In 5 patients the presenting symptom was AH. 9 patients presented initially with renal symptoms and in 2 patients renal and pulmonary features occurred simultaneously. 7 patients died of the underlying disease or its complications. Both patients with isolated AH have survived. In the remaining 9 patients 1 required dialysis temporarily and 4 permanently. All patients except the one with AH due to inhalation of trimellitic anhydride were treated with immunosuppressive agents. - Since the pulmonary features are similar in each of the AH syndromes, diagnosis of the underlying disorder is heavily dependent upon pathologic evaluation of diseased extrapulmonary organs. Moreover, immunologic studies are essential. Failure to diagnose or treat AH syndromes in the early stages may have lethal consequences.
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PMID:[Alveolar hemorrhage]. 268 52

A nine-year-old black girl with essential thrombocythemia developed hemoptysis. Only two other cases in the English literature have been described. Ultrastructure and functional characteristics of this patient's platelets were studied. Twenty-six percent of the patient's platelets were very large (megathrombocytes). Spontaneous aggregated from the patient's platelets were not compact, and the pseudopods did not interdigitate. Both qualitative and quantitative defects in platelet organelles were detected. The microtubular system was faulty in organization. Furthermore, the number of granules (especially alpha granules) was reduced. Platelet aggregation studies demonstrated subnormal aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen, but aggregation with ristocetin was normal. It is postulated that a platelet membrane abnormality may be the cause of their defective platelet aggregation.
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PMID:Essential thrombocythemia in a child: platelet ultrastructure and function. 696 59

Although the capacity for some pulmonary carcinomas to mimic sarcomas is well recognized, their potential resemblance to selected benign lesions of the lung is currently underappreciated. The authors herein report three examples of sarcomatoid bronchogenic carcinoma with a deceptively bland appearance and an investment of reactive inflammation, such that they resembled pseudotumors histologically. These lesions occurred in two men and one woman who were 44, 61, and 63 years old, respectively, at diagnosis. All patients presented with a productive cough, hemoptysis, or chest pain. Their pulmonary masses were irregularly marginated radiographically, and ranged in size from 2.5 to 5.5 cm. Two were treated with lobectomy, and one underwent a wedge excision, followed by radiotherapy to the thorax. Despite these measures, each patient with inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma (ISC) died of disease or is likely to do so. Microscopically, ISCs were composed of uniform spindle cell proliferations with only modest nuclear pleomorphism, limited mitotic activity, and an arrangement in fascicles, storiform configurations, or haphazard arrays. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were interspersed throughout each of them, and keloidal stromal collagen was apparent internally in two examples. Two of the neoplasms also invaded pulmonary blood vessels or bronchi. A comparison group of 10 adults with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) of the fibrous histiocytoma type shared several clinical attributes with ISC and showed closely similar histological features, except that the IPs lacked mitoses and invasiveness, and contained xanthoma cells or multinucleated elements in some cases in this series. Immunohistochemical analyses showed consistent dissimilarities between ISC and IP; keratin and epithelial membrane antigen were present in ISC but not IP, whereas actin was observed only in the proliferating spindle cells of IP. In summary, the potential clinicopathologic overlap between ISC and IP suggests that caution should be exercised in the separation of these two lesions. In particular, it is unwise to attempt to make this distinction in an intraoperative frozen section setting.
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PMID:Inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: report of three cases and clinicopathologic comparison with inflammatory pseudotumors in adult patients. 767 83

Pulmonary complications are described in a case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, established by studies of collagen biosynthesis. At age 20.5 years the patient, who had previously suffered a spontaneous colonic perforation, developed intermittent recurrent hemoptysis and had a spontaneous hemopneumothorax. At presentation, imaging studies revealed multiple scattered cavitary lesions in both lungs. On separate occasions large parenchymal cysts ensued and subsequently regressed. Reviews of other reported patients indicate that pulmonary complications do occur in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV but have not resulted directly in patient mortality.
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PMID:Respiratory complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. 914 85

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of bronchial artery embolization to treat hemoptysis. Eight hundred sixty-five patients were admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis during the study period. Bronchial arteriographs were obtained for 48, who suffered life-threatening hemoptysis refractory to medical treatment. The likely origin of bleeding was identified in 37: embolization was performed with particles measuring 250 to 1000 micra in size (Contour Emboli, Interventional Therapeutic Corporation, South San Francisco, California, USA) in 35 and with hemostatic collagen sponges in 2. The most common causes of hemoptysis were bronchiectasis (40%), pulmonary tuberculosis (33%), pulmonary aspergilloma (8%) and malignant neoplasm (8%), chronic bronchitis (6%); 4% of the cases were idiopathic. Immediate technical success was achieved in 34 patients (92%) as defined by the absence of hemorrhage for at least 24 hours. All embolized patients were followed until the first recurrence of bleeding or until discharge. Recurrence of hemoptysis (in the first month) was early in 5 patients (13.5%) and late (2 to 96 months) in 9 (24%). The severity of the initial and later episodes of hemoptysis was similar in all early recurrences and most late recurrences. A second embolization was performed six times, and medical and/or surgical treatment was given in all other cases. No significant complications attributable to the technique were observed. The results show that bronchial embolization is valid for the immediate control of life-threatening hemoptysis and has a low rate of severe complication; recurrence is relatively common.
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PMID:[Bronchial embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis]. 988 Dec 12

A 17-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea, fever, and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray films disclosed diffuse alveolar infiltrates and patchy shadows in both lungs. Laboratory data included a hemoglobin level of 6.7 g/dl and white blood cell count of 8,100/microliter. Urinalysis revealed microscopic hematuria with RBC cast. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the right middle lobe bronchus was bloody. Anti-GBM antibodies were detected at low levels in serum (10 EU/ml) by ELISA procedures. Renal and lung biopsies were performed. Immunofluorescent studies revealed linear deposits of IgG along glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, but not in alveolar walls of the lung. This case fulfilled the criteria for Goodpasture's syndrome. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone (1,000 mg/day, for 3 days) and plasma exchange (for 2 days), and demonstrated a dramatic improvement in his clinical condition and chest X-ray findings. We were unable to identify autoantibodies to the NC domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen. Another conformational epitope may play a role in the disease.
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PMID:[Goodpasture's syndrome initially presenting with alveolar hemorrhage]. 1049 7

A 51-year-old man presenting with hemoptysis was admitted to our hospital. Chest radiography revealed air space consolidation in the right lung field. Laboratory data showed anemia, hypoxemia, and no evidence of inflammatory signs, bleeding tendency, renal dysfunction, or collagen vascular diseases. Tests of anti-GBM antibody, P-ANCA, and C-ANCA were negative. Microscopic examination of the lung tissue specimens obtained by video assisted thoracic surgery revealed hemorrhage and numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the alveoli. No deposition of immunoglobulin and vasculitis were seen. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Steroid therapy had a limited effect, and the patient died. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset is rare in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset]. 1106 Oct 83


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