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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoid tumors of the lung are rare in childhood. Still they have to be taken in account as a possible reason for chronic pneumonitis, (with) cough or even hemoptysis. Misinterpretation of symptoms is the cause for the frequently long time lapse before the correct diagnosis is established. The crucial examinations are the history of symptoms, chest X-ray, tomography, and bronchoscopy, which lead to the correct diagnosis in about 75% of the cases. Treatment of choice is operative, with the aim to conserve as much functioning lung as possible. Radiotherapy has only palliative effects. The prognosis is rather good for the carcinoid tumor of the lung in general, 80% achieve a 5 years survival rate. The carcinoid tumor of the lung is now as for the newest definition defined as a separate group and should not be mixed up with "bronchial adenomas". Adenoid cystic carcinoma (cylindroma) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus are defined as carcinomas and believed to arise from respiratory glands.
Klin Padiatr 1981 Sep
PMID:[Carcinoid tumor of the lung in childhood--review and case report (author's transl)]. 728 26

Twenty-four men were refueling a missile when a large spill of oxidizer occurred. Three crewmen were exposed to very high concentrations of the oxides of nitrogen. One died within minutes. Severe respiratory distress syndrome developed in the other two, one of whom survived. Twenty-one other workers were exposed to minimal to moderate concentrations of the gas. Most remained asymptomatic while six had shortness of breath, cough, or hemoptysis. The three with persistent symptoms received corticosteroid therapy; the complaints resolved in two. Corticosteroid therapy for four asymptomatic patients who had moderate hypoxemia two weeks after the accident may have aborted the second stage of nitrogen dioxide injury. Six patients with minimal exposure had persisting headaches, visual disturbances, and emotional difficulties. These latter findings may represent an unusual complication of exposure to these gases.
JAMA 1980 Sep 12
PMID:The McConnell missile accident. Clinical spectrum of nitrogen dioxide exposure. 741 84

The development of the flow-directed balloon catheter has greatly facilitated the monitoring of seriously ill patients. As the use of this catheter has increased, so have the reports of complications, the most serious of which is fatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Eleven cases of pulmonary hemorrhage have been described in the literature, and we have reported an additional case. The presenting symptom in 10 patients was hemoptysis, and the course of eight of these patients was rapidly fatal. The most frequent significant finding at autopsy was a laceration of a small peripheral pulmonary artery, usually at a bifurcation. The pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and management of this complication are discussed.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980 Sep
PMID:Pulmonary hemorrhage associated with balloon flotation catheters: report of a case and review of the literature. 741 51

Five children (aged 11 to 19 years) with lifelong chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis had 12 episodes of esophageal and/or laryngeal candidiasis documented by endoscopy. Symptoms included hoarseness (8/12), dysphagia (6/12), and hemoptysis (1/12). There was poor correlation between oral lesions and esophageal or laryngeal involvement. On fiberoptic endoscopy, the esophagus was involved alone in four episodes (33%), the larynx in two episodes (17%), and both structures in six episodes (50%). In six of eight instances, the esophagram was nondiagnostic or markedly underestimated the extent of inflammation. Intravenous amphotericin B or miconazole resulted in the resolution of these infections for variable periods of time. Repeat endoscopy was used to follow the course of the disease. Aerosolized amphotericin B was effective on one occasion in clearing candidal lesions of the larynx and one small area of the left mainstem bronchus. Oral topical therapy was not beneficial. Since the signs and symptoms of laryngitis or esophagitis are often minimal or absent and complications, including strictures, may arise from chronic inflammation, periodic endoscopy and systemic therapy may be necessary.
Pediatrics 1980 Sep
PMID:Candida esophagitis and laryngitis in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. 742 28

This report describes the first case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the trachea in a 65 year old man with a five week history of cough, wheezing, and hemoptysis. The tumor, presumably originating in the submucosal tissue, was characterized as an intratracheal polypoid mass showing no local invasion or distant metastasis. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the lower respiratory tract and its histogenesis are briefly reviewed and discussed.
Hum Pathol 1980 Sep
PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the trachea: first reported case. 742 7

September, 1992, through May, 1994, thirty patients with hemoptysis were examined with CT, HRCT and bronchoscopy. Our study was aimed at comparing CT and HRCT with fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the identification and assessment of hemoptysis causes and of lesion shape and extent. These data are of basic importance for the interventional radiologist when an intravascular treatment is scheduled. The causes of hemoptysis included cystic fibrosis in 14 patients, bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis in 11, tuberculosis in 3 and aspergillosis in one. In only one patient the etiology of hemoptysis remained undetected. Among the most common patterns, the "ground-glass" one was the main finding (50%), while bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis were demonstrated in 40% of the patients. In the extent 10% of cases the cause of hemoptysis was identified with small lesions as a result of previous tubercular infections. Among the causes of hemoptysis, our study included only inflammatory, and not neoplastic, diseases. In 97% of patients, CT and HRCT allowed the diagnosis of lesion type, extent and site, while bronchoscopy did the same in only 35% of patients, because of its lack of accuracy in identifying and characterizing peripheral lesions. Our results suggest that CT and HRCT should be performed after bronchoscopy and before bronchial embolization. Confirming literature data, our study proves CT and HRCT to play a basic role in the diagnosis of the inflammatory conditions causing hemoptysis.
Radiol Med 1995 Sep
PMID:[High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) versus bronchoscopy in predicting the need for bronchial embolization in hemoptysis]. 750 27

Although the capacity for some pulmonary carcinomas to mimic sarcomas is well recognized, their potential resemblance to selected benign lesions of the lung is currently underappreciated. The authors herein report three examples of sarcomatoid bronchogenic carcinoma with a deceptively bland appearance and an investment of reactive inflammation, such that they resembled pseudotumors histologically. These lesions occurred in two men and one woman who were 44, 61, and 63 years old, respectively, at diagnosis. All patients presented with a productive cough, hemoptysis, or chest pain. Their pulmonary masses were irregularly marginated radiographically, and ranged in size from 2.5 to 5.5 cm. Two were treated with lobectomy, and one underwent a wedge excision, followed by radiotherapy to the thorax. Despite these measures, each patient with inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma (ISC) died of disease or is likely to do so. Microscopically, ISCs were composed of uniform spindle cell proliferations with only modest nuclear pleomorphism, limited mitotic activity, and an arrangement in fascicles, storiform configurations, or haphazard arrays. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were interspersed throughout each of them, and keloidal stromal collagen was apparent internally in two examples. Two of the neoplasms also invaded pulmonary blood vessels or bronchi. A comparison group of 10 adults with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) of the fibrous histiocytoma type shared several clinical attributes with ISC and showed closely similar histological features, except that the IPs lacked mitoses and invasiveness, and contained xanthoma cells or multinucleated elements in some cases in this series. Immunohistochemical analyses showed consistent dissimilarities between ISC and IP; keratin and epithelial membrane antigen were present in ISC but not IP, whereas actin was observed only in the proliferating spindle cells of IP. In summary, the potential clinicopathologic overlap between ISC and IP suggests that caution should be exercised in the separation of these two lesions. In particular, it is unwise to attempt to make this distinction in an intraoperative frozen section setting.
Hum Pathol 1995 Sep
PMID:Inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: report of three cases and clinicopathologic comparison with inflammatory pseudotumors in adult patients. 767 83

We evaluated the effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) endobronchial irradiation for palliation of malignant airway obstruction. Between May 1989 and February 1992, 39 patients were treated in our department. Thirty-two patients (82 percent) had primary lung neoplasms and 7 (18 percent) had metastatic disease. Thirty-three patients (85 percent) had prior external irradiation (either alone or in combination with chemotherapy), and 9 patients (23 percent) received laser excision before treatment. Of the 39 patients, 14 (36 percent) presented with hemoptysis, 20 (51 percent) with cough, 15 (38.5 percent) had dyspnea, and 15 patients (38.5 percent) had pneumonia or atelectasis. There were 57 applications performed in the 39 patients. Patients with hemoptysis had 93 percent complete response (CR), 20 percent with cough had CR; 60 percent improved (partial response [PR]); no response was seen in 20 percent. Atelectasis and pneumonia resolved in 20 percent of patients. Eighteen patients (46 percent) underwent a second procedure and were evaluated for objective response; 34 percent had CR, 44 percent had PR, and 22 percent did not respond. There were two acute (one bronchospasm, one pneumothorax) and three late (two strictures, and one exsanguination) complications. In our experience, HDR was highly effective in the palliation of airway symptoms caused by malignant tumors, with acceptable toxicity.
Chest 1993 Sep
PMID:High dose-rate endobronchial irradiation in malignant airway obstruction. 768 45

From 1983 to 1991 only isolated cases of aspergillosis in AIDS patients were reported; since 1991, an increasing number of cases have been reported suggesting a recent emergence of this fungal infection. Aspergillosis occurs about 10 to 25 months after AIDS diagnosis in patients with CD4 below 50/mm3. Neutropenia and/or steroid therapy, which are known as predisposing factors in aspergillosis, are noticed in about one half of the patients. Previous pulmonary infection, especially pneumocystosis, are very common. Clinical signs are typical of an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: constant fever, cough, dyspnea, frequent thoracic pains and haemoptysis. Radiologic signs frequently indicate an interstitial infiltration. Nodular and cavitating lesions, pleural effusions, thoracic lymph node enlargement are often present. Diagnosis procedures are realised on bronchoalveolar lavage by direct examination, culture and antigen detection. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most usually species detected. Post-mortem diagnosis is frequent. Invasive bronchial aspergillosis, localised infections (aspergilloma, otitis, sinusitis) or disseminated infections (nervous system, heart, kidney, lymph nodes, thyroid) are also described. Prognosis is poor even with treatment (amphotericin B or itraconazole). An earlier diagnosis and treatment of the bronchial colonization could probably improve this prognosis.
Pathol Biol (Paris) 1994 Sep
PMID:[Aspergillosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 787 56

We report the case of a 54-year-old man with an aortobronchial fistula following aortic valve replacement for prosthetic endocarditis. He presented with massive haemoptysis and the diagnosis was made following computerized tomography of the chest. Effective treatment was achieved by adhering to the basic principles of fistula management. The patient remains well at 1 year follow-up.
J R Soc Med 1994 Sep
PMID:Aortobronchial fistula following aortic valve surgery. 793 69


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