Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bronchial artery embolization is an established treatment for massive and serious haemoptysis. We review etiology, pathogenesis and different treatment modalities of major haemoptysis, and discuss indications and outcome. Massive haemoptysis, defined as > 300 ml/24 hrs., is a rare condition with a high mortality rate (30-80%) if treated conservatively. We describe seven patients treated with bronchial artery embolization. Three patients had massive haemoptysis, and four patients were treated for recurrent and severe haemoptysis. Two patients had haemorrhage because of inactive tuberculosis, five had cystic fibrosis. All patients were successfully treated by embolization, one patient suffered recurrent haemoptysis after four weeks. The other patients have shown no further haemoptysis during the observation period (mean 20 months). No complications were observed other than the common, self-limited post-embolization syndrome (mild fever and chest pain). In patients with severely reduced lung function and progressive disease, recurrent haemoptysis of even smaller amounts might interfere with postural drainage and cause infections and deteriorate lung function. Bronchial artery embolization should be considered for these patients as well. Unless localized lesions can be cured through surgical resection, we consider bronchial artery embolization to be the treatment of choice.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1992 Sep 30
PMID:[Embolization of bronchial arteries in severe and recurrent hemoptysis]. 141 42

We present two cases of ruptured mycotic aneurysms infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Each patient had hemoptysis and in each case there was hemothorax caused by a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the celiac artery. In case 1, the pathogenesis was transient Staphylococcus aureus septicemia infecting an atherosclerotic plaque with subsequent aneurysm formation and rupture. In case 2, the septicemia arose from an infected knee. The presentation of a celiac artery aneurysm as hemoptysis and as the cause of hemothorax is rare.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1992 Sep
PMID:Fatal hemothorax from mycotic celiac artery aneurysm. 147 30

Hypoplastic pulmonary artery is an unusual congenital malformation. We describe a case of hypoplastic pulmonary artery diagnosed during the third trimester of pregnancy. The clinical and radiologic features mimicked pulmonary embolism, including hemoptysis, chest pain, pleural effusion, mild hypoxemia, and a suggestive ventilation-perfusion scan. Accurate differentiation of this entity from pulmonary embolism is necessary to obviate the need for prolonged anticoagulation.
Obstet Gynecol 1992 Sep
PMID:Hypoplastic pulmonary artery: an unusual entity mimicking pulmonary embolism during pregnancy. 149 14

Pulmonary venous infarction, although rare, can develop in patients with the various pathologic conditions outlined. The triad of cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis should raise clinical suspicion. The venous phase of pulmonary arteriography is the best way to document pulmonary venous obstruction, although MR imaging may also prove useful in the future. Treatment of patients with pulmonary venous infarction should be determined on the basis of the obstructing pathologic findings. Antibiotic therapy is important, as evidenced by the early experimental experience with this condition. It may be the only treatment available to patients with idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis. Pulmonary resection, however, can be accomplished when a localized obstructing lesion is identified.
Chest 1992 Sep
PMID:Pulmonary venous infarction. 151 26

A total of 161 patients with lobar or segmental consolidation were examined by realtime ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound. Air bronchograms were detected in 141 patients, fluid bronchograms in 27 patients, and parapneumonic effusion in 74 patients. In 36 patients with necrotizing pneumonia, ultrasound detected microabscesses in 33 (91.7%) compared with the air-fluid levels detected by standard chest radiographs in 20 patients (55.6%; p less than 0.05). Of 31 patients with tumors causing obstructive pneumonitis, 29 (93.5%) had tumors detected by chest ultrasound, whereas only 11 patients (35.5%) had chest radiographs that suggested a tumor was causing the obstructive pneumonitis (p less than 0.05). Chest ultrasound was used to guide thoracentesis for parapneumonic effusion in 65 patients, with a 100% success rate. Twenty-six patients with necrotizing pneumonia underwent ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of microabscesses. The procedure was successful in 24 patients (92.3%), and 21 patients (80.8%) had microbiologic confirmation. Twenty patients with tumor-associated obstructive pneumonitis received needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance; 19 patients (95.0%) had the histology confirmed. Five patients with malignancy manifesting as pulmonary consolidation underwent a diagnostic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration biopsy. Five patients (3.8%) developed complications of minimal pneumothorax or mild hemoptysis in 132 episodes of needle aspiration. We conclude that ultrasonography is useful for the evaluation of pulmonary consolidation. It can also be used for needle aspiration guidance for etiologic diagnosis of patients with complicated pneumonia.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Sep
PMID:Ultrasonographic evaluation of pulmonary consolidation. 151 59

Two hundred and eighteen patients, with thoracic tumors larger than 3 cm in size, underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic core biopsy with a large-bore Tru-Cut needle. Fifty-five tumors were in the mediastinum, and 122 tumors were located at subpleural area, and 42 tumors were within the lungs. In 122 subpleural tumors, the sensitivity of ultrasound-guided core biopsy for the diagnosis of malignancy was 96.8%, and accuracy was 97.5%. Sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant tumors located within the lungs was 94.6%, and accuracy was 95.2%. In 54 patients with mediastinal tumors, definite histologic diagnosis could be obtained in 48 patients (88.9%). The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided biopsy for the diagnosis of malignancy in these 48 mediastinal tumors was 97.1%, with an accuracy of 97.9%. Three patients had complications with minimal pneumothorax and one with mild hemoptysis. We conclude that percutaneous transthoracic core biopsy with Tru-Cut needle under ultrasound guidance is a safe and sensitive way to obtain specimens for accurate histologic diagnosis of thoracic tumors. The diagnostic yield is high, and the technique, relatively simple, can also be used for outpatients.
Am Rev Respir Dis 1992 Sep
PMID:Ultrasound-guided core biopsy of thoracic tumors. 151 60

A very rare case of benign mixed tumor of the trachea was reported. A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis, slight dyspnea and stridor. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor which arose from the anterior wall of the upper trachea, obstructing about 70% of the tracheal lumen. For the purpose of getting pathological specimen and securing the air way in anesthesia, endoscopic polypectomy (2/3 of the tumor) was done by using GIF-XP 20. Circumferential resection of the trachea (4 rings) with end-to-end anastomosis was performed one month after polypectomy. To our knowledge, this was the 7th reported case in Japan. Clinical studies and operative procedures of this disease were briefly discussed.
Kyobu Geka 1991 Sep
PMID:[A case of benign mixed tumor of the trachea]. 165 24

In Japan, we experienced the first case of Hafnia alvei septicemia with shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in an adult with postoperative lung cancer. A 63 year-old male, who had been followed up in our department since 1987, was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of fever, hemoptysis and dyspnea on June 25, 1989. After admission, he was treated with sulbactam/cefoperazone 4 g/day intravenously for suspicion of respiratory-tract infection. After antibiotic administration, the fever subsided and the general condition became almost good. The patient experienced fever again after the antibiotic was stopped. For this reason subsequent Clavulanic acid/Amoxicillin, Flomoxef, and Ceftazidime was administered, but was not effective. Therefore septicemia was suspected and blood culture was done. The bacteria isolated from blood culture was identified as Hafnia alvei. Hafnia alvei is a gram-negative organism belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family and quite rare pathogen in human.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Hafnia alvei septicemia with shock and DIC in an adult with postoperative lung cancer]. 176 1

Rhodococcus equi is an aerobic, gram-positive, non-motile pleomorphic bacillus infecting immunocompromised patients. Forty-nine cases of Rhodococcus equi infection have been reported, mainly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A case in which Rhodococcus equi caused severe pulmonary infection, the most common presentation, is described. Clinically, patients have symptoms of pneumonia with hemoptysis as a prominent feature. X-ray will often show a cavitating upper-lobe infiltrate, resembling infection with mycobacteria. Rhodococcus equi is easily cultured from blood or sputum on standard media, but is frequently regarded as a contaminant. Mortality from Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is high (25%) and early surgical intervention has been recommended. Based on this review, the benefit of surgery seems dubious, whereas good results have been obtained using long-term antibiotic treatment with erythromycin plus rifampicin, or vancomycin in combination with either of these antibiotics.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991 Sep
PMID:Severe Rhodococcus equi pneumonia: case report and literature review. 181 Jul 33

The lung is an infrequent location of extragenital endometriosis, an exceptional cause of hemoptysis or pneumothorax. Adequate management has not yet been well established. We present two cases of pulmonary endometriosis, parenchymal and pleural. The presenting symptoms were catamenial hemoptysis and pneumothorax, respectively, which were treated with GnRH analogues. The first patient received Buserelin (900 micrograms/day intranasally) for 6 months. After 15 months of normal menstrual activity, the symptoms reappeared. The patient was then treated with Triptorelin (3.75 mg/month intramuscularly) for 6 months and remains asymptomatic and menstruating 14 months after discontinuing treatment. The patient presenting with pneumothorax was treated with leuprolide (1 mg/day subcutaneously) for 6 months and is asymptomatic 1 year after stopping treatment. These results suggest that GnRH analogues may be an acceptable alternative to danazol in the medical management of pulmonary endometriosis.
Obstet Gynecol 1991 Sep
PMID:Pulmonary endometriosis: conservative treatment with GnRH agonists. 183 Dec 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>