Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

197 patients with either malignant (No. 175) or infections (No. 22) chest coin lesions had lung aspirations using fine-needles, 18 to 22 gauge. All the patients previously had flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with negative results. A positive diagnosis of malignancy was established in 138 (70%), with identification of cell type in 51 (37%), and of infectious disease in 11 (50%). The procedure's sensitivity for malignant lesions was 79.3% and the specificity was 96.5%. Complications were minimal (hemoptysis and pneumothorax), although some patients had COPD and hypoxemia.
 ...
PMID:[Coin lesions: 5 years of percutaneous needle aspiration]. 158 29

Terlipressin (Glypressin) is a "pro-hormone"; after intravenous injection the glycyl radicals are slowly cleaved by enzymatic action, liberating vasopressin. We have assessed the efficacy of terlipressin in the treatment of severe hemoptysis. The study was performed on 20 patients: in 5 cases there was very copious hemoptysis and in 15 cases there was repeated hemoptysis of lesser volume. The cause was distributed as follows: 6 cases of neoplasms, 5 were sequelae of tuberculosis, bronchial dilatation 2 cases, pneumonia with abscess 2 cases, chronic airflow obstruction (COPD) 2 cases and 3 cases of silicosis. The treatment consisted of a slow intravenous injection of 2 mgm 4 times per day (9 patients), then in 11 patients an injection of 2 mgm at the time of acute episodes followed by 1 mgm every 6 hours. The patients received an average of between 15 and 20 mgm of the product for a treatment lasting over 5 days at the maximum. The results were as follows: total success 12 cases; partial success (a reduction to at least one-third of the initial hemoptysis): 5 cases; failure: 3 cases. The failures were linked in two cases to neoplastic disease and in one case there was an intolerance to the drug which did not allow the treatment to be pursued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of severe hemoptysis with terlipressin. Study of the efficacy and tolerance of this product]. 279 45

The recognition of aspergillus in all its clinical disguises remains a challenge to clinicians in all fields of medicine. Fortunately, aspergillus has low pathogenicity for humans and requires very heavy inoculum of spores (aspergillary pneumonitis) in order to infect those whose pulmonary defense mechanisms, inherent structure, and physiology are intact. Patients with problems from aspergillus may be seen in either inpatient or outpatient clinical practice. The patient with fibrotic or cavitary lung disease finds himself at risk to be colonized and develop an aspergilloma (fungus ball). Conservative therapy (that is, antibiotics, pulmonary hygiene) or simple observation is often all that is required. With significant hemoptysis, surgical removal could be definitive treatment; but these patients often have such compromised pulmonary function that alternative therapies like infusion of antifungal agents locally are tempting. Part of the problem of the patient with asthma or COPD may actually be secondary to hypersensitivity to aspergillus (ABPA), which exacerbates bronchospasm and adds "pulmonary infiltrates" to the underlying disease. The recognition of this entity and then the judicious use of corticosteroids to control the symptoms will stabilize the clinical course of the disease. The immunocompromised patient may be relatively free of pulmonary disease.; but aspergillus, waiting until cytotoxic agents, corticosteroids, granulocytopenia, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and previous pneumonias destroy the local lung defense mechanisms, will then attack with a vengeance. The resultant invasive pulmonary aspergillosis requires treatment with amphotericin B, along with its own inherent toxicity.
 ...
PMID:The many faces of pulmonary aspergillosis. 389 65

Fifty patients with either malignant (n = 25) or infectious/inflammatory (n = 25) chest lesions had lung aspirations using ultrathin needles, 24 to 25 gauge. The procedure's overall sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 100%. The diagnostic yield was 90% (9/10) from peripheral malignant coin lesions, 100% (3/3) from malignant cavities, and 42% (5/12) from infected, nonmalignant cavities. Antimicrobial therapy probably contributed to poor microbiologic results in the latter group. Twenty-two of the patients previously had flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with negative results. In this select group, a diagnosis was established in 45% (10/22): 7 had malignant lesions, 2 had anaerobic lung abscesses, and 1 had histoplasmosis. In patients with infectious diseases, a variety of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections were confirmed including the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila in 2 patients. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 6 of 8 immunosuppressed patients who presented with indeterminate infiltrates on chest radiographs. Complications were minimal, although 21 patients (42%) had COPD, and 13 patients (26%) had moderate to severe hypoxemia (PaO2, 40 60 torr). Mild hemoptysis occurred in 2 patients (4%), and pneumothorax occurred in 4 patients (8%) of whom 2 required chest tube insertion. When compared with other studies using large gauge needles (18 to 22 gauge), ultrathin needle aspiration of the lung produced fewer complications, while maintaining an exceptionally good diagnostic yield.
 ...
PMID:Ultrathin needle aspiration of the lung in infectious and malignant disease. 745 76

Seventy one patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who died during the past 5 years (1989 to 1993) were evaluated on their causes of death. Twenty two patients (31%) died directly of tuberculosis, and among them, 18 patients (81%) of 22 patients who died of tuberculosis) had very advanced tuberculosis. The majority of them (64%) were old age over 70 years and were bedridden due mostly to cerebrovascular injuries. The serum level of albumin was low in all 17 patients in whom it was measured. Establishment of diagnosis of tuberculosis was delayed over one month after the onset of symptoms in 59% of patients who died of severe disease. Sixty one percent (11/18) of patients died within the first month after the initiation of chemotherapy and about 90% (16/18) died within 3 months. Two patients died from massive hemoptysis and other patients died of either respiratory failure or tuberculosis meningitis. From these observations it was found that very advanced tuberculosis was the major cause of death in patients who died of tuberculosis and that the advanced disease was chiefly caused by the delay on the establishment of diagnosis, and it was most important to detect tuberculosis as early as possible, with regular check up of chest X-ray and frequent examination for AFB (acid-fast bacilli) for tuberculosis suspected patients. On the other hand, the majority of patients (49/71) died of complicating medical problem unrelated to tuberculosis. Seventeen patients died from malignancy (seven lung cancer, four lymphoma, two laryngeal cancer, etc). Ten deaths were the result of bacterial superinfection. Other patients died from respiratory failure due to COPD, arteiosclerotic heart disease, or cerebrovascular injuries, etc. Two patients of old age died of hepatic failure possibly caused by adverse reaction of TB chemotherapy. It was found that diseases unrelated to tuberculosis were the cause of death in approximately 70% of patients with active tuberculosis, and it should be emphasized to detect early and to treat these diseases, in particular malignancy. And it is also imperative that the chemotherapy for TB must be instituted very carefully with frequent monitoring of liver function in patients with old age.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation on causes of death in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis]. 868 6

A 66-year-old man with a history of COPD and Aspergillus fumigatus infection developed massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary artery angiography revealed an aneurysm which was successfully treated with coil embolization. This is the first known report of a pulmonary artery aneurysm causing massive hemoptysis in a patient with bullous emphysema.
 ...
PMID:Massive hemoptysis from a pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with an emphysematous bulla. 955 60

The duration of anamnesis and its dependence on the amount of expectorated blood and on concomitant complaints was evaluated in 774 patients examined for hemoptysis in the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty Hospital, Brno, with the aim to detect the factors hastening the visiting the physician by the patient. The longest anamnesis in average was in patients with COPD (123 days) and lung cancer (58 days). The patients coming too late to the physician originated mostly from these 2 groups as well--the anamnesis was longer than 2 months in 27% out of COPD patients and in 25% out of cancer patients. After including the influence of the amount of expectorated blood and of the concomitant complaints, the conclusion was reached that the bloody expectoration alone especially when streaks of blood only are present in sputum represent in many patients the motive not important enough for consulting the physician.
 ...
PMID:[Duration of anamnesis in patients with hemoptysis]. 1023 Apr 71

Lipomas are rare endobronchial tumors that may cause severe parenchymal damage due to bronchus obstruction and subsequent pneumonia. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and radical treatment are essential. We describe three cases of endobronchial lipoma. One patient presented with hemoptysis, two patients were initially diagnosed as COPD. They were all treated by electrocautery which achieved complete removal. We recommend electrocautery as an easy and cost-effective alternative for removal of intraluminal tumors including lipoma.
 ...
PMID:Endobronchial lipoma: a series of three cases and the role of electrocautery. 1112 55

Various types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be the aetiologic factors of chronic lung infections especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study is to present the cases of pulmonary mycobacterioses observed in Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in the years 1995-2001. There were 23 patients, 12 men and 11 women in the age between 35-77 years, mean 56 years. 16 out of 23 patients had underlying respiratory problems, mainly healed tuberculosis (7) and COPD (6). Two additional patients suffered from other diseases with potential immunosuppression (leukopenia). In 5 patients no disease other than mycobacteriosis was found, but they were chronic smokers. In 19 cases cough and expectoration of purulent sputum lasting from several months to several years was observed. In 5 patients onset of disease was acute or subacute with high fever. Eight patients had haemoptysis. In chest X-ray pathological lesions including (18 cases) lung cirrhosis (10) and cavities (15) were found. In 4 cases disseminated bronchiectases with small nodules were the main radiologic feature. Mycobacteriosis was caused by M. kansasii in 11 cases, by M. intracellularae in 6, by M. xenopi in 5 and by M. scrofulaceum in 1 case.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary mycobacterioses--frequency of occurrence, clinical spectrum and predisposing factors]. 1288 64

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is often delayed due to atypical clinical features and difficulty in obtaining positive bacteriology. We reviewed 232 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in Kedah Medical Centre, Alor Setar from January 1998 to December 2002. All age groups were affected with a male predominance (Male:Female ratio = 60:40). Risk factors include underlying diabetes mellitus (17.7%), positive family history (16.8%) and previous tuberculosis (5.2%). Nearly half (45.3%) of patients had symptoms for more than one year. Only 22% of patients had typical symptoms of tuberculosis (prolonged recurrent fever, cough, anorexia and weight loss), whilst others presented with haemoptysis, chronic cough, COPD, bronchiectasis, general ill-health, pyrexia of unknown origin or pleural effusion without other systemic symptoms. Fifteen percent of the patients presented with extrapulmonary diagnosis. Ninety percent of the patients had previous medical consultations but 40% had no chest radiograph or sputum examination done. The chest radiographs showed 'typical' changes of tuberculosis in 62% while in the other 38% the radiological features were 'not typical'. Sputum direct smear was positive for acid-fast bacilli in only 22.8% of patients and 11.2% were diagnosed base on positive sputum culture. Sputum may be negative even in patients with typical clinical presentations and chest radiograph changes. Bronchial washing improved the diagnosis rate being positive in 49.1% of cases (24.1% by direct smear and the other 25.0% by culture). In 16.8% of cases, the diagnosis was based on a good response to empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with clinical and radiological features characteristic of tuberculosis. In conclusions, the clinical and radiological manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis may be atypical. Sputum is often negative and bronchoscopy with washings for Mycobacterium culture gives a higher yield for diagnosis. In highly probable cases, empirical therapy with antituberculosis drugs should be considered because it is safe and beneficial.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis--a review of clinical features and diagnosis in 232 cases. 1553 27


1 2 3 Next >>