Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We administered 45 Nd-YAG laser treatments in 29 patients (18 men) aged 39 to 82 years who had lung malignancy; 26 patients had primary non-oat cell lung cancer and three had metastatic airway malignancy. In all, 25 of the patients had been previously treated with combination(s) of surgical procedure, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Indications for laser treatment included endobronchial airway obstruction with uncontrolled cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea or unresolved atelectasis-pneumonia. Of 15 patients with partially occluded tracheobronchial airway tumors, immediate palliative relief was achieved in 13 patients and lasted one to six months after a single treatment. In this group there was one postoperative death related to respiratory failure and two patients subsequently died of massive pulmonary hemorrhage. However, of 14 patients with totally obstructed airways, immediate palliative relief was achieved in only five patients and this lasted three weeks to three months after a single treatment. In this group there were two postoperative deaths related to progressive respiratory failure; in one case it was associated with endobronchial combustion of the fiberoptic bronchoscope. All three patients in both groups who died of respiratory failure were in acute respiratory distress and terminally ill before the procedure. These findings suggest that Nd-YAG laser therapy may be most beneficial in patients with partially rather than totally occluded airways due to lung malignancy.
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PMID:Nd-YAG laser in lung cancer. 620 Oct 11

Two unusual manifestations associated with endobronchial malignant lymphoma are reported. A 58-year-old white female was first seen with massive hemoptysis requiring blood transfusion and pneumonectomy for histiocytic lymphoma (large cell type). The second case was that of a 47-year-old black male treated previously for poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (medium-sized cell type) who had a relapse in the lungs. Increasingly copious sputum production led to respiratory distress which required extensive radiation therapy and chemotherapy for its control.
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PMID:Endobronchial malignant lymphoma: unusual manifestations--a report of two cases. 633 73

Primary tumors of the lung rarely occur in children. However, 230 well-documented cases, including the 2 presented in this review, have been identified in the English-language literature. One hundred fifty-one tumors in these reports were classified as malignant lesions and 79 as benign neoplasms. Bronchial "adenomas" constituted the largest group; most of these lesions were of the carcinoid variety, and 8% were definitely malignant. Forty-seven cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were reported in children under 16 years of age, although there were few squamous cell tumors (12%). Fifty-six percent of the benign tumors were classified as inflammatory pseudotumor. Most of the children in this collective series were seen with symptoms related to bronchial irritation or obstruction, such as cough, hemoptysis, atelectasis, or pneumonitis. Respiratory distress was an unusual symptom that was often associated with large tumors seen in the neonatal period. Approximately 20% of the children were totally symptomatic. The limited survival data that are available indicate that leiomyosarcoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma have a more favorable prognosis in children than in adults. Survival with bronchial carcinoid tumors (90%), bronchogenic carcinoma (30%), and pulmonary blastoma (45%) appears to parallel that for adults. The experience with pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma, as described in this review, emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and the use of combined modes of therapy in the approach to these malignancies. Despite the rarity of primary pulmonary neoplasms in children, this diagnosis should be considered in young patients with solitary pulmonary masses or persistent, atypical pulmonary symptoms. It is hoped that early diagnosis will result in an improved prognosis and prevent life-threatening complications.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary neoplasms of childhood: a review. 634 22

Delayed diagnosis of tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma continues to cause major morbidity and death. At the University of Louisville from 1968 to 1982, 13 patients had tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma. All injuries were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Disruptions were located in the trachea in six patients and in the right bronchus in seven patients. Physical findings included: subcutaneous emphysema (11 patients), respiratory distress (10 patients), hemoptysis (six patients), and flail chest (four patients). Four patients (30%) died, three from multiple major associated injuries and the other before therapy could be instituted. Among the nine survivors, six had immediate diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment, which consisted of suture repair in five and pneumonectomy in the other patient. Two patients had delay in diagnosis, and repair was attempted at 4 and 30 days, respectively; bronchial stricture resulted in one and pneumonectomy, empyema, and bronchopleural fistula in the other. Another patient with a bronchial mucosal tear was treated nonoperatively without complication. Tracheobronchial disruption should always be considered with massive blunt chest trauma. Repeated bronchoscopy is indicated for unexplained pleural air leaks, lobar atelectasis, or persistent pneumothorax. Prompt diagnosis and expeditious surgical therapy result in fewer complications and increased survival.
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PMID:Management of tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma. 670 88

Three Laotian refugee children with chronic pulmonary complaints and findings were found to have pulmonary paragonimiasis during a one-year period in Chicago. These patients ranged from 8 to 11 years of age and the diagnosis was delayed five to six months in two children because of the unfamiliarity of American physicians with signs and symptoms of this disorder. Clinical manifestations included chronic cough for up to two years, apparent hemoptysis in two patients, lack of fever or sweats, and family history negative for tuberculosis. Physical findings included rales and dullness to percussion, clubbing (one patient), and lack of fever or respiratory distress. All three patients showed interstitial infiltrates on chest roentgenogram whereas two had multiple small cystic areas. Moderate eosinophilia was present. Paragonimus westermani ova were found in stools of two patients, in sputum of two patients, and in bronchoscopic specimens in one patient. All patients demonstrated striking clinical and radiologic improvement following treatment with bithionol (50 mg/kg every other day for 15 doses), which was well tolerated. Lung fluke infestation must be considered in Indochinese refugee children with apparent hemoptysis or chronic pulmonary symptoms, and sputum and stool should be examined for P westermani ova.
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PMID:Pulmonary paragonimiasis in Laotian refugee children. 709 90

Twenty-four men were refueling a missile when a large spill of oxidizer occurred. Three crewmen were exposed to very high concentrations of the oxides of nitrogen. One died within minutes. Severe respiratory distress syndrome developed in the other two, one of whom survived. Twenty-one other workers were exposed to minimal to moderate concentrations of the gas. Most remained asymptomatic while six had shortness of breath, cough, or hemoptysis. The three with persistent symptoms received corticosteroid therapy; the complaints resolved in two. Corticosteroid therapy for four asymptomatic patients who had moderate hypoxemia two weeks after the accident may have aborted the second stage of nitrogen dioxide injury. Six patients with minimal exposure had persisting headaches, visual disturbances, and emotional difficulties. These latter findings may represent an unusual complication of exposure to these gases.
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PMID:The McConnell missile accident. Clinical spectrum of nitrogen dioxide exposure. 741 84

A patient with drug-induced thrombocytopenia who died because of massive pulmonary hemorrhage is described. The patient had a clinical picture of acute respiratory distress resembling pulmonary edema, but there was no hemoptysis. Chest x-ray films showed granular density in the pulmonary fields, and the electrocardiograms revealed a pattern of acute biatrial enlargement. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy.
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PMID:Lethal occult pulmonary hemorrhage in drug-induced thrombocytopenia. 747 71

Pneumological examinations including open lung biopsy performed on a male patient of 30 years of age suffering from severe respiratory distress that disabled him, as well as from massive recurring attacks of hemoptysis, resulted in suspicion of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (also known as Ceelen-Gellerstedt's syndrome). Diagnosis of cor triatriatum followed by surgery was arrived at only after a pulmonary oedema had developed and after other rare cardiac diseases had been considered. This rare congenital malformation--which occasionally becomes clinically manifest only in the adult--should be suspected in differential diagnosis of respiratory distress and a sometimes also life-threatening hemoptysis. Echocardiography is the diagnostic method of choice in this regard.
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PMID:[Cor triatriatum--a rare cause of pulmonary hemosiderosis]. 747 43

Pulmonary blastoma (PB) is an uncommon primary lung malignancy. This neoplasm was first described by Barrett and Barnard in 1945. The tumor is composed of immature epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which may recapitulate early embryological lung development. Under the microscope, the globular component resembles immature bronchus and connective tissue as seen in embryonic lung. More than one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. PB is more frequent in older people and in males and tends to affect blacks at younger ages. Symptomatology varies from asymptomatic to symptoms of a non-specific pulmonary disease. Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, respiratory distress, fever, anorexia and weight loss are the most common presenting features. The most common roentgenologic pattern is a well-demarcated peripheral lesion, encapsulated by compression or atelectatic lung tissue, although in some cases there is a tendency to lobulation and cavitation. The size of the mass varies from a small peripheral nodule to a mass occupying the entire lobe or hemithorax. The treatment of choice has been surgical excision, radiation and, in selected cases, a combination of chemotherapy with radiation. The prognosis of this malignancy is poor; overall five-year survival is approximately 16 percent. No correlation has been established between histopathologic criteria and survival. The factors that indicate poor prognosis are tumor recurrence, metastasis at initial presentation, tumor size over 5 cm and lymph node metastasis. Liver, central nervous system and bones are the most frequent location of distant metastases. A rare case is presented of a pulmonary blastoma with an upper lip metastasis occurring in a paraplegic male. Diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary blastoma presenting as a solitary lip metastasis: case report and review of the literature. 755 26

A case of pulmonary artery rupture induced by balloon occlusion pulmonary angiography (BOPA) is reported. A flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter had been inserted for hemodynamic monitoring in a septic shock patient complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. To check for pulmonary damage, BOPA was performed immediately after hemodynamic measurement. Just as the hand injection of contrast medium was ending, the patient began to cough and a small amount of hemoptysis was observed. The angiogram showed the extravasation of contrast medium from the distal pulmonary artery to the situation of catheter tip. Pulmonary hemorrhage was controlled with mechanical ventilatory support with 10 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure and no specific therapy was required. This complication should be kept in mind and using a power injector to avoid injurious transient high pressure pulse is recommended.
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PMID:Rupture of pulmonary artery induced by balloon occlusion pulmonary angiography. 756 Apr 81


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