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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycetoma is defined as a fungus ball that fills a preexisting lung cavity, most frequently being of tuberculous or sarcoid etiology. The most frequently isolated fungus is the species of Aspergillus, but other fungi such as Fusarium or Zygomycetes can also be present. Most patients lack symptoms. However, presentation may also be with hemoptysis, which can be massive and life-threatening. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man with a history of prior pulmonary tuberculosis, with recurrent episodes of cough and hemoptysis. He was diagnosed to have mycetoma in the left upper lobe cavity. The mycetoma was extracted through bronchoscopy under general anesthesia using a cryoprobe. Treatment was completed with amphotericin B instilled in the cavity and the patient was placed on oral itraconazole. This is the first case report to date in which cryotherapy was used to remove a mycetoma.
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PMID:Endobronchial cryotherapy for a mycetoma. 2416 17

Leeches are the very rare types of airway foreign body. Here we report a rare case of a 40-year-old woman with tracheal leech infestation. A 40-year-old woman presented 2-month history of dyspnea, occasional haemoptysis. There were foreign body sensation in throat, cough and hoarseness. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed some soft tissue shadow in the upper trachea. Eventually a 5 cm long living leech was smoothly removed from trachea by rigid bronchoscopy under sevoflurane general anesthesia. The airway leech infestation should be kept in mind especially in patients presenting with unexplained haemoptysis, dyspnea, hoarseness and a foreign body sensation in the throat and a history of drinking infested water from streams, pools and spring. General anesthesia might be necessary for the removal of the leech.
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PMID:A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. 2541 5

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree is a rare airway tumor (<1% of all lung tumors). In adults, the majority of primary tracheal tumors are malignant. Management during pregnancy is complex and requires weighing maternal and fetal prognosis. Reported cases describe surgical resection following cesarean section. We report the first case to be treated by Argon-Plasma Coagulation (APC) in pregnancy. A 35-year-old Caucasian woman G1P0, at 27 weeks of gestation was admitted to the emergency department because of hemoptysis and severe dyspnea. Bronchoscopy and biopsies diagnosed primary tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Following an episode of tracheal bleeding, she was intubated. After thorough explanations to the family and obtaining informed consent, therapeutic bronchoscopy, under general anesthesia using a rigid bronchoscope, was performed. The tumor was cored out with the tip of the bronchoscope and removed with an alligator forceps. The tumor bed was coagulated with APC. The obstetrical team was ready to intervene in case of maternal emergency. Immediate follow-up was good, and she left the hospital 4 days later. She delivered at 39 weeks of gestation by cesarean section because of dystocia. Five years later, the patient is doing well without any signs or symptoms of recurrence. Pediatric follow-up is normal. Argon Plasma Coagulation for treatment of mucoepidermoid tracheal carcinoma is feasible during pregnancy. Reporting this case could lead to less aggressive management of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in pregnant patients.
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PMID:Treatment of tracheal mucoepidermoid carcinoma by argon plasma coagulation during pregnancy. 2601 Dec 18

A broncholith is defined as the presence of calcified material within a bronchus or within a cavity communicating with a bronchus. It is most frequently caused by Histoplasmosis or tuberculosis (TB) spp. Bronchial distortion, irritation and erosion by broncholiths can cause bronchiectasis, recurrent pneumonias and haemoptysis. We present a case of recurrent pneumonia due to a broncholith, which resolved conservatively with antibiotics. Owing to recurrent fevers and post obstructive pneumonias, a lobectomy or rigid bronchoscopic removal were considered but the patient was deemed not to be a candidate for general anaesthesia due to her comorbidities. Broncholiths are an uncommon cause of bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonias. However, the wide range of symptoms and low clinical suspicion are the main reasons why a diagnosis can be delayed. Various treatment options are available and the choice of therapy should be made depending on the broncholith's size, mobility, location and local surgical expertise.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis presenting as bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonias. 2610 72

Adult laryngeal hemangioma is an extremely rare and slowly progressing vascular tumor. The present study describes the first reported case of a male with a large laryngeal hemangioma that was treated by ultrasonic scalpel. A 61-year-old male presented to our hospital with a recurrent pharyngeal foreign body sensation, without hoarseness, hemoptysis, expectoration or dyspnea. A blue-black mass was detected in the right pyriform sinus, with a morular surface and a wide pedicle positioned lateral to the right arytenoid cartilage and aryepiglottic fold under electronic laryngoscopy. Following tracheotomy under local anesthesia, right superior laryngeal artery ligation and laryngeal hemangioma resection via a lateral neck hypopharyngeal approach were performed under general anesthesia using an ultrasonic scalpel. Pathological examination verified that the tumor was a cavernous hemangioma. On day 11, subsequent to post-operative anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment, electronic laryngoscopy showed that the arytenoid mucosal edema had decreased and that the movement of the arytenoid was good. There was no recurrence of hemangioma during a 2-year follow-up period. Therefore, it is recommended that complete surgical resection using an ultrasonic scalpel should be considered for similar cases involving large laryngeal hemangiomas.
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PMID:Resection of a laryngeal hemangioma in an adult using an ultrasonic scalpel: A case report. 2613 93

We describe a case presenting with tracheal tumor wherein a Microlaryngeal tube was advanced into the trachea distal to the tumor for primary airway control followed by cannulation of both endobronchial lumen with 5.5 mm endotracheal tubes to provide independent lung ventilation post tracheal transection using Y- connector attached to anesthesia machine. The plan was formulated to provide maximal surgical access to the trachea while providing adequate ventilation at the same time. A 32 yrs non smoker male, complaining of cough, progressive dyspnea and hemoptysis was diagnosed to have a broad based mass in the trachea on computed tomography of chest. Bronchoscopy of the upper airway confirmed presence of the mass at a distance of 9 cms from the vocal cords, obstructing the tracheal lumen by three fourth of the diameter. The patient was scheduled to undergo the resection of the mass through anterolateral thoracotomy. We recommend the use of extralong, soft, small sized microlaryngeal surgery tube in tumors proximal to carina, for securing the airway before the transection of trachea and bilateral endobronchial intubation with small sized cuffed endotracheal tubes for maintenance of ventilation after the transection of trachea in patients with mass in the lower trachea.
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PMID:Low tracheal tumor and airway management: An anesthetic challenge. 2654 74

The trachea and bronchus surgery is generally performed due to stenosis, traumatic injury, foreign body and tumors. Preoperative evaluation and anesthesia management are very important issues because of higher mortality and morbidity rates. Patients may be asymptomatic, but airway difficulties, hypoxia, stridor, cough, hemoptysis are common conditions in these patient population. The collaboration between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist is very substantial and necessary. Anesthetic techniques include various applications such as one lung ventilation, fiberoptic intubation, jet ventilation, and apneic oxygenation, general anesthesia with or without neuromuscular blockade. In this review, anesthesia management of the trachea and bronchus surgery is evaluated in the light of new knowledge.
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PMID:The anesthesia of trachea and bronchus surgery. 2806 25

Hemoptysis is a common complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. Most of the cases of hemoptysis originate from hypertrophied bronchial arteries. Also, diabetes induces pulmonary vascular abnormalities such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory infiltration and pulmonary vascular remodeling. A 27-year-old male, with diabetes and a history of tuberculosis, underwent the procedure of pars plana vitrectomy under general anesthesia. After an uneventful intra-operative period, he had hemoptysis prior to extubation. Emergency fiberoptic bronchscopy showed blood plugs and spotted fresh blood at the right upper lobar bronchus. After successful embolization of the bronchial artery, the patient made a recovery and was discharged without experiencing any complication. Predisposing factors of hemoptysis in this case are presumed to be tuberculosis and diabetes. The bleeding might had been caused by the rupture of a weakened artery within the cavity in the right upper lobe, through expansion of the lung during manual ventilation by positive pressure.
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PMID:Hemoptysis during general anesthesia in a diabetic patient with healed tuberculosis: a case report. 2818 73

Tracheal and Bronchial injuries are potentially life threatening complications which require urgent diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. They typically occur in association with blunt and penetrating chest trauma although they are increasingly being encountered in patients following endobronchial intervention and percutaneous tracheostomy insertion. Their precise incidence is unknown. Presenting features include dyspnoea, stridor, respiratory and haemodynamic compromise, haemoptysis, surgical emphysema, pneumothorax and persistent significant airleak. There may be other additional injuries to consider in trauma patients with large airway injury. Familiarity with the diagnosis and management of large airway injuries is important for medical teams engaged in emergency medicine, thoracic surgery and medicine, anaesthesia and intensive care. Although early surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment, endobronchial manoeuvres to seal defects are receiving increasing attention particularly for patients with medical co-morbidities which may contraindicate formal surgery or transfer or where local surgical expertise is not available.
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PMID:Evolutional trends in the management of tracheal and bronchial injuries. 2820 39

Foreign bodies in the upper respiratory tract are one of the most difficult otolaryngological emergencies; leeches are a very rare foreign bodies in the world. We report the case of a 70-year-old man with no past medical history presenting with laryngeal dyspnea associated with low abundant paroxysmal hemoptysis. The patient underwent nasofibroscopy showing the presence of a living and mobile organism at the subglottic level evoking a leech. Extraction was carried out under local anesthesia using laryngoscope and Magill forceps. The presence of a leech as a foreign body in the upper respiratory tract should be suspected in patients with a recent history of consumption of non-potable water.
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PMID:[A rare case report of laryngeal leech infestation in a 70-year-old man]. 2845 Sep 98


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