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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemoptysis occurred in a patient in whom a Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted for the induction of anaesthesia for hemicolectomy. It is suggested that acute pulmonary hypertension, superimposed on existing chronic pulmonary hypertension, superimposed on existing chronic pulmonary hypertension associated with mitral stenosis, was an important aetiological factor in the haemoptysis.
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PMID:Haemoptysis following insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter. 44 47

Fifty-five patients were investigated using transbronchial lung biopsy through the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope under fluoroscopic guidance, 51 by the transnasal route under local anaesthesia, two via an endotracheal tube whilst undergoing assisted ventilation and two by the same route under general anaesthesia. Multiple specimens of lung tissue subjects with diffuse pulmonary disease and in 16 of 32 (50%) with localized lesions, giving a positive yield of 64% of all cases. The only complication was an haemoptysis of 50 ml in one patient. Our results suggest that transbronchial lung biopsy is a relatively safe procedure which gives results comparable with other lung biopsy techniques.
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PMID:Transbronchial lung biopsy through the fibreoptic bronchoscope. 64 36

In a series of 2150 patients subjected to bronchoscopy 94 (4.5%) were found to have tracheobronchomalacia. Tracheomalacia alone was diagnosed in 21 patients (22%), tracheobronchomalacia in 59 (63%) and bronchomalacia alone in 14 (15%). Mild malacic changes were noted in 44 patients (47%), moderate in 38 (40.5%) and severe in 12 (12.5%). The main symptoms were dyspnoea (63%), chronic cough with expectoration (49%) and haemoptysis (33%), and the most frequent concurrent diseases chronic bronchitis (53%), bronchial cancer (27.5%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (19%). Bronchoscopy performed under local anaesthesia enabled the dynamics of the tracea and bronchi to be observed during spontaneous breathing and during coughing, and it is the best available diagnostic procedure. Histologically the number of longitudinal elastic fibres in the pars membranacea was clearly reduced throughout the whole tracheal area in one patient with tracheomalacia but no differences were found in the amount of collagen, mucopolysaccharides and elastin in the cartilages of trachea and bronchi. This disease seems to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as chronic bronchitis, and it apparently shares the same aetiological factors.
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PMID:Acquired tracheobronchomalacia. 88 58

Massive hemoptysis is a potentially fatal complication of long-standing cystic fibrosis. Lobectomy may prevent a hemorrhagic death if the hemorrhage source can be identified and if involvement of the remaining lung tissue is mild. Selective bronchial arteriography was performed in six patients with cystic fibrosis to localize a lobar source of bleeding. Arteriographic findings correlated with bronchoscopic observations. Bronchial arteriography may be helpful when bronchoscopy cannot be done because of continuous hemorrhage or because the severity of the lung disease precludes general anesthesia, but it is not an adequate substitute for bronchoscopy in most patients.
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PMID:Selective bronchial arteriography in patients with cystic fibrosis and massive hemoptysis. 111 54

Emergency lung resection was done in 32 patients with massive hemoptysis. The morbidity and mortality rates were 18.75% and 6.25% respectively. Problems about how to find the focus of hemoptysis, when to perform the operation, how to select anaesthesia, operative techniques and limits of lung resection were discussed.
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PMID:[Emergency lung resection in patients with massive hemoptysis]. 130 17

Between January 1988 and December 1990 a total of 84 endobronchial prosthesis were implanted in 55 patients at the Ruhrlandklinik, Essen. Bronchial carcinoma (33/55) was the leading indication for placing an endoluminal stent. Since the technique of implantation seldom leads to serious complications, non-malignant tracheobronchial stenosis and malacia play an increasing role in airway stenting. Implantation was usually performed under general anaesthesia and through rigid tube bronchoscopes with enlarged diameters. Most frequently a flexible silicone stent (Dumon) was used, Montgomery (5/84), Gianturco (5/84), Orlowski (4/84) and Strecker stents were also implanted. The respiratory gain was greatest in central stenosis, 79/84 stents were positioned into trachea or main stem bronchus. Permanent and temporary stenting were performed with success. Dislocation and hemoptysis seldom occur, mucus plugging and incrustation were more frequent complications.
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PMID:[Endobronchial prosthesis: experience report]. 157 63

A very rare case of benign mixed tumor of the trachea was reported. A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis, slight dyspnea and stridor. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor which arose from the anterior wall of the upper trachea, obstructing about 70% of the tracheal lumen. For the purpose of getting pathological specimen and securing the air way in anesthesia, endoscopic polypectomy (2/3 of the tumor) was done by using GIF-XP 20. Circumferential resection of the trachea (4 rings) with end-to-end anastomosis was performed one month after polypectomy. To our knowledge, this was the 7th reported case in Japan. Clinical studies and operative procedures of this disease were briefly discussed.
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PMID:[A case of benign mixed tumor of the trachea]. 165 24

Thirty-eight neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser sessions have been performed in 26 patients under local anaesthesia. The majority of patients had recurrences of inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer after radiotherapy. At evaluation, a subjective improvement of dyspnoea was noticed in 70% (18/26) of the patients, and in 54% (14/26) of the cases, a greater than 50% improvement of the airway lumen diameter was assessed at bronchoscopy. Haemoptysis subsided in 4 out of the 5 patients. On 2 occasions, the rigid scope was introduced to provide optimal control of minor bleeding during the laser performance. Neither respiratory failure, nor any treatment-related death has occurred. In our hands, Nd-YAG treatment under local anaesthesia was a feasible, effective and safe procedure.
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PMID:Nd-YAG laser under local anaesthesia in obstructive endobronchial tumours. 166 45

In a two year period 44 endobronchial resections using the Neodymium-YAG laser have been performed in 28 patients. The majority of cases had either bronchogenic carcinoma (57%) or metastatic carcinoma (18%) involving the bronchial tree. Adenoid cystic carcinoma, benign tumours, lymphoma, tracheal papillomatosis, Wegener's granulomatosis and benign stricture comprised the other cases. Rigid bronchoscopy and general anaesthesia were used in the majority. Symptomatic improvement of dyspnoea when relief of bronchial obstruction occurred was marked in ten of 17 cases, moderate in four and absent in three. Haemoptysis was markedly improved in two of three cases and obstructive pneumonitis resolved in one of two cases. Significant respiratory function improvement was observed in Raw (most sensitive), FEV11, FVC and TLC. Laser treatment restored the lumen to normal calibre in 52% (including all patients with tracheal lesions), to greater than half normal in 28% and to less than half normal in 20% of cases. Re-expansion of a collapsed lung or lobe occurred in seven of eight patients. In six of these patients laser treatment was the initial therapy resulting in immediate re-expansion and symptomatic relief prior to further therapy. In patients with bronchogenic carcinoma the mean time to retreatment or death was 72 days. For metastatic carcinoma this was 60 days. Two early deaths (3 hours, 36 hours) due to respiratory failure occurred in patients with very severe bilateral bronchial obstruction too advanced for effective clearance. Other complications included laryngeal oedema requiring prolonged intubation (1), bronchospasm (1), atrial fibrillation (1), and acute pulmonary oedema (1). Laser treatment provides effective palliation for bronchial obstruction and haemoptysis in selected proximal endobronchial cancers.
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PMID:Endobronchial resection with the Nd-YAG laser--two years experience in an Australian unit. 169 70

Twenty-seven main bronchial resections (19 left, 8 right) were performed without pulmonary resection between 1975 and 1991. The patients were 17 men and 9 women with an average age of 35 years (range, 20 to 65 years). Tumors comprised 55% of the lesions, including 9 carcinoid tumors (33%), 2 mucoepidermoid tumors, 2 fibrous histiocytomas, 1 hemangiopericytoma, and 1 large cell carcinoma. Scarring and stenosis secondary to multiple causes occurred in 10 patients (37%). Two patients had miscellaneous lesions. Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (52%), wheezing or stridor (44%), cough (41%), hemoptysis (37%), and pneumonia (18%). Preoperative chest roentgenogram was abnormal in 60% of patients, whereas tomograms delineated the lesion in 94%. All patients had bronchoscopy for lesion evaluation. Anesthesia was accomplished through a long single-lumen endotracheal tube in 19 cases and a double-lumen tube in 8 cases. Mobilization and exposure techniques to create a tension-free anastomosis were critical for left main bronchial resections and included pretracheal mobilization (100%), neck flexion (100%), tracheal and main bronchial retraction (85%), aortic and pulmonary artery retraction (44%), and intrapericardial hilar release (33%). All resections were for cure; there was no operative mortality. Morbidity in 4 patients (15%) included an anastomotic stenosis (successfully reresected), prolonged air leak and pneumonia, transient recurrent nerve palsy, and atelectasis. Median 5-year follow-up revealed 92% of patients alive, with only one of two late deaths being disease-related. Main bronchial resection is an ideal technique for selected benign and malignant lesions, allowing complete pulmonary parenchymal preservation.
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PMID:Main bronchial sleeve resection with pulmonary conservation. 175 80


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